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Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. This standard is drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard replaces GB 16423-2006 Safety regulations for metal and nonmetal mines. The following main changes have been made with respect to GB 16423-2006: ——The non-mandatory clauses in the 2006 edition have been deleted, making all clauses in the revised version mandatory; ——Terms such as "bull" and their definitions have been revised; terms such as "safe exit" and their definitions have been added; ——Appropriate adjustments have been made to the order of clauses in the revised version in comparing with the 2006 edition; ——Some sub-clauses have been revised; ——The clause of "Occupational hazard prevention and control" has been canceled; ——The clauses of "Special mining" and "Emergency rescue" have been added; ——Several normative reference standards of the 2006 edition have been deleted in the new version, leaving GB 6722 and GB 18871 only. This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Emergency Management of the People's Republic of China. The previous editions of the standard replaced by this standard are as follows: ——GB 16423-1996, GB 16423-2006; ——GB/T 16424-1996. Safety regulations for metal and nonmetal mines 1 Scope This standard specifies the safety requirements for the design, construction, mining and closing of metal and nonmetal mines. This standard is applicable to the whole process of design, construction, mining and closing of metal and nonmetal mines. This standard is not applicable to: ——Mining of metal and nonmetal mines accompanied with coal; ——Mining of river sand and sea sand; ——Exploitation of liquid or gaseous minerals such as oil, natural gas, shale gas, and mineral water. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies. GB 6722 Safety regulations for blasting GB 18871 Basic standards for protection against ionizing radiation and for the safety of radiation sources 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 metal anal nonmetal opencast mines stopes and their ancillary facilities that extract metallic or non-metallic minerals by stripping off surrounding rock, topsoil or gravel on the surface Note: "Metal anal nonmetal opencast mines" are referred to as "opencast mines" in this standard. 3.2 metal anal nonmetal underground mines stope and its ancillary facilities taking adit, inclined shaft, slope ramp, shaft, etc. as entrance/exit, which are deeply below the surface and used for the exploitation of metal or nonmetal minerals Note: "Metal anal nonmetal underground mines" are referred to as "underground mines" in this standard. 3.3 mines of metal and nonmetal accompanied with coal metal and nonmetal mines where coal-accompanied minerals are exploited 3.4 safe exit the exit through which downhole personnel safely leave the downhole site 3.5 main safe exit safe exits used by downhole personnel in their daily work in mines 3.6 emergency exit safe exits that are not frequently used by downhole personnel in mines 3.7 hydromine a mining process that sprays a high-pressure water stream against the ore and surrounding rock to recover minerals 3.8 dredging a mining process that utilizes excavator vessels to pump mineral-bearing slurry to recover useful minerals 3.9 shaping stone mine a special mining process for mining stones such as marble 3.10 recovering on saline the mining process of extracting salt and other useful minerals from saline in salt lakes 3.11 solution mining a mining process in which fresh water is injected downhole to dissolve minerals into solution which is pumped out of the surface for mineral recovery 3.12 in situ leaching a mining process in which the leaching agent is pressed into the underground ore layer from the surface, and the useful minerals are converted into liquid and then extracted to the surface 3.13 dump places where humus topsoil and rocks generated during mine construction and mining production are piled up in a centralized manner 3.14 primary crushing the crushing work to make the size of ore or rock meet the requirements of hoisting transportation or subsequent processing 3.15 bull a device installed on the hoisting line to prevent the mine cart from slipping back in the inclined shaft 3.16 rockburst the sudden burst or ejection of rock pieces due to the abrupt and violent release of elastic potential energy accumulated in the rock mass 3.17 ratio of effective air quantity the ratio of the total effective air volume actually obtained by each working face to the total air intake volume of the mine 3.18 safety factor of steel wire rope with static load the ratio of the sum of the breaking tensions of all steel wire ropes to their maximum static load 3.19 safety factor of braking rope the ratio of the minimum breaking force of the braking rope to the braking load 3.20 static anti-slip safety factor of steel wire rope the ratio of the static tension difference of the wire rope when the wire rope on the hoisting device slips to the maximum static tension difference of the wire rope under the design condition, calculated by using Euler's formula 3.21 dynamic anti-slip safety factor of steel wire rope the ratio of the wire rope tension difference when the wire rope on the hoisting device slips during the acceleration or deceleration operation of the hoisting system to the maximum dynamic tension difference of the wire rope under the design condition, calculated by using Euler's formula 3.22 safety factor of fibre belts the ratio of the product of the tensile strength per unit width of each layer of fabric, the number of fabric layers, and the width of the fibre conveyor belt to the maximum static tensile force that the conveyor belt bears 3.23 safety factor of steel cord belts the ratio of the product of the tensile strength per unit width of the conveyor belt and the width of the steel cord conveyor belt to the maximum static tensile force that the conveyor belt bears 3.24 safety factor of belts with dynamic load the ratio of the nominal breaking force of the conveyor belt to the calculated maximum dynamic load 3.25 steep belt conveyor belt conveyors with an upward inclination angle exceeding 15° or a downward inclination angle exceeding 12° 3.26 maximum engineering drainage water the maximum amount of water that needs to be drained per unit time after technical measures such as setting waterproof doors are taken in the design of the mine 4 General 4.1 Basic requirements 4.1.1 Mining enterprises shall abide by national laws, regulations, rules and standards on production safety. 4.1.2 Mining enterprises shall establish and improve their production safety responsibility system by formulating production safety rules and regulations, safety education and training systems and safety operation procedures for each post. The responsibilities and assessment standards of each post shall be clearly defined. 4.1.3 Mining enterprises shall strictly implement production safety responsibility system and production safety rules and regulations. 4.1.4 Mining enterprises shall strictly implement the safety inspection system. 4.1.5 Mining enterprises shall strictly implement the safety education and training system. 4.1.6 Mining enterprises shall employ full-time production safety management personnel; if there are more than 100 employees, a team dedicated to production safety management shall be set up. 4.1.7 The equipment, devices, protective equipment and safety testing instruments and meters used by mining enterprises shall meet relevant national requirements. 4.1.8 Mining enterprises shall ensure that the operating personnel are provided with labor protective equipment meeting national standards. Personnel entering the mine operation site shall wear protective equipment as required. 4.1.9 The following drawings shall be kept for opencast mines and updated in time according to actual changes: ——Topographic and geological maps; ——Year-end drawing of the mining and stripping project; ——Plan and section drawings of stope slope engineering; ——The final state map of the stope; ——Year-end drawing of the dump; ——Plan and section drawings of the dump; ——Power distribution system diagram; ——Comparison plan of the downhole goaf and the opencast mine; ——Drainage system diagram. 4.1.10 The following drawings shall be kept for underground mines and updated in time according to actual changes: ——The topographic and geological map and hydrogeological map of the mining area (including plan and section maps); ——Development system diagram; ——Plan of the middle section; ——Drawing of ventilation system; ——Uphole and downhole comparison drawing; ——Drawing of air compression, water supply and drainage system; ——Drawing of communication system; ——Power distribution system diagram; ——The downhole route map for disaster avoidance; ——The spatial position relationship drawing for the mine and adjacent mining areas or mines. The followings shall be correctly labeled in the abovementioned drawings and diagrams: ——The location, name and specification of the excavated drift and the drift planned to be excavated; ——The location, name and size of goafs and filled goafs, abandoned shafts and drifts and stopes planned for mining; ——The location of ventilation, dustproof, fireproof, waterproof and drainage equipment and facilities; ——The direction of wind flow, as well as the route and safe exit for the evacuation of personnel; ——The location of the downhole communication equipment; ——The treatment method, progress, current situation and of surface subsidence location of goaf and abandoned shafts and drifts. 4.2 Main responsible persons of mining enterprises 4.2.1 Main responsible persons of mining enterprises are responsible for the safe production of the mine. 4.2.2 Main responsible persons of mining enterprises shall be equipped with professional knowledge of mine production safety, as well as the ability to lead safe production and deal with mine accidents. 4.2.3 Main responsible persons of mining enterprises shall receive safety training and assessment according to law, and obtain a qualification certificate. 4.3 Full-time production safety management personnel 4.3.1 Full-time production safety management personnel shall be engaged in mining work for more than 5 years, equipped with corresponding professional knowledge and work experience in mine production safety, and be familiar with the mine production system. Full-time production safety management personnel shall receive training in accordance with the law and obtain a qualification certificate. 4.3.2 Full-time production safety management personnel shall, according to their job responsibilities, organize or participate in the formulation of the mine's production safety rules and regulations, safety operation procedures for each post and emergency rescue plans for accidents. 4.3.3 Full-time production safety management personnel shall, according to their job responsibilities, organize or participate in the formulation of safety education and training systems and train mine employees as well as visiting outsiders on safety regulations of the mine. 4.3.4 Full-time production safety management personnel shall, according to their job responsibilities, organize emergency rescue drills in the mine. 4.3.5 Full-time production safety management personnel shall, according to their job responsibilities and the production safety inspection system requirements, inspect the production safety status; promptly investigate potential risks of production safety accidents, and put forward suggestions for improving production safety management; for violation of operating procedures such as risky operation and instructions, production safety management personnel shall urge the implementation of the enterprise's production safety rectification measures. The inspection, handling, improvement measures and rectification shall be recorded by the inspectors, and shall be archived after being signed and confirmed by the responsible personnel at all levels. 4.4 Production safety management organization 4.4.1 The production safety management organization shall be equipped with sufficient full-time safety management personnel. 4.4.2 The production safety management organization is responsible for the daily management of production safety in the mine. Specifically, it shall initiate or participate in the formulation of safety rules and regulations, operation procedures of positions, and emergency response plans for accidents, hold production safety education and training and arrange emergency rescue drills in the mine. 4.5 Safety education and training 4.5.1 Mining enterprises shall conduct production safety education and training for mine employees to ensure that personnel in all positions have the necessary production safety knowledge and are familiar with the general safety regulations of the mine, the specific operation rules of the position and the safe operation skills of the position. Those who have not accepted production safety education and received a qualification will not be allowed to work. 4.5.2 The new workers of opencast mines shall receive no less than 72 h of safety training and must pass relevant examinations before taking up their posts. 4.5.3 The new workers of underground mines shall receive no less than 72 h of safety training; after passing the examination, they shall work for at least 4 months under the guidance of senior workers with over 2 years of underground mine operation experience, get familiar with the operation of the position and become qualified before they can work independently. 4.5.4 The workers previously engaged in other types of work shall receive the safety operation training for the new position, and only after passing the examination can they engage in the new type of work. 4.5.5 All production operators shall receive at least 20 h of occupational safety retraining every year and shall pass the examination. 4.5.6 In case of adopting new process, new technology, new equipment and/or new materials, the relevant personnel shall be specially trained and tested. 4.5.7 Anyone who enters the mine area to visit, inspect, practice, study, etc., shall receive safety education, and shall be led into the workplace by practitioners who are familiar with the mine production safety system. 4.5.8 The safety training and assessment results of mine employees shall be recorded and archived. 4.6 Mine construction 4.6.1 The office area, living area, industrial site, buildings, etc. of mining enterprises shall not be located at cliffs, subsidence areas, caving areas or areas affected by hazardous dust, foul wind, flood, mudflow or blasting threat. 4.6.2 Gas stations of mining enterprises shall be set up in safe places. 4.6.3 For new construction, reconstruction and expansion projects of mining enterprises, safety facilities shall be designed in accordance with national requirements. Safety facilities shall be designed, constructed, and applied to production synchronously with the main project. 4.6.4 The safety facilities of new construction, reconstruction and expansion projects of mining enterprises shall be designed, constructed and checked in accordance with relevant national regulations. 4.6.5 The safety facilities of the mine construction project shall be checked before the project is accepted and officially put into operation. 4.7 Production safety management 4.7.1 No one shall enter the mine operation site after drinking, and shall not bring alcoholic beverages into the mine operation site except for the purpose of emergency medical treatment. 4.7.2 Smoking is prohibited in downhole mines. 4.7.3 Eye-catching safety warning signs shall be set up at the key positions of mining enterprises, around important equipment and facilities, and in dangerous areas, and they shall be kept in good condition during service. 4.7.4 The mining enterprise shall conduct regular inspection and maintenance of safety facilities and archive the records of results; the records shall be signed and confirmed by relevant personnel; the safety facilities in service shall not be dismantled or destroyed. 4.7.5 The equipment used in mines involving personal safety shall be produced by professional manufacturers, and shall be tested and qualified by professionally qualified testing and inspection institutions before they can be put into use; during mine production, the personal safety equipment shall be regularly inspected by qualified institutions that issues inspection and testing reports. 4.7.6 Before adopting new technologies, new processes, new equipment and new materials related to safe production in mines, reliable safety measures shall be formulated and relevant documents shall be archived. 4.7.7 Mining equipment shall not be refueled in locations with open flames or other safety hazards. 4.7.8 Underground mining enterprises shall establish and improve the registration and inspection system for personnel entering and leaving the mine. Personnel working downhloe shall carry lighting fixtures and self-rescuers meeting the safety requirements. 4.7.9 When a production safety accident occurs in a mining enterprise, the main responsible person of the mining enterprise shall immediately organize rescue and take effective measures to reduce losses. 4.7.10 After a production safety accident, the enterprise shall report the accident situation in a timely and truthful manner in accordance with relevant national regulations; the enterprise shall also analyze the cause of the accident, review experience and lessons, and propose measures to prevent similar accidents. 4.7.11 In the event of a particularly serious production safety accident, or when the underground mine has been suspended for more than 6 months, a comprehensive safety inspection shall be carried out, and reliable safety measures shall be formulated and adopted before production is resumed. Production can be resumed only after the relevant safety conditions are met. 4.8 Mine closing 4.8.1 The closing of an opencast mine shall have no adverse effect on the safety of the surrounding; fences and warning signs shall be set up at the entrance of the open mine pit and in areas prone to danger around the open mine pit to prevent people from entering by accident. 4.8.2 When closing underground mine, the entrance to the underground mine shall be closed, and fences and warning signs shall be set up along the demarcated caving area to prevent people from falling. 5 Opencast mines 5.1 Basic requirements 5.1.1 Dedicated flood control and flood drainage facilities shall be set up in opencast mines that are at risk of flooding. 5.1.2 Effective safety technical measures shall be taken when opencast mining is carried out within the area affected by underground mining. 5.1.3 When turning from underground mining to opencast mining, the positions of all underground works and ore pillars shall be determined and drawn on the comparison plan and sectional drawings of the mine; hazardous underground construction structures and goaf areas shall be handled before opencast mining is conducted, and for situations that cannot be handled before mining operation, relevant safety measures shall be taken during the mining process. 5.1.4 When opencast mining and underground mining are carried out at the same time, the mutual influence between these two mining operations shall be analyzed and effective safety measures shall be taken. Blasting in opencast and downhole mines at the same time shall be avoided if it affects safety. 5.1.5 No manned structures shall be set up in the following areas: ——Areas threatened by open blasting; ——Hazardous areas where blasting equipment is stored; ——Mine flood control area; ——Areas affected by geological disasters such as rock mass deformation, collapse, landslide, and debris flow. 5.1.6 The stripping and dumping operations shall not cause water hazard or other threats to deep mining and adjacent mines. 5.1.7 The ore pillars, rock pillars, and hanging ore bodies reserved by the design regulations shall not be mined or destroyed within the specified time limit, unless proved feasible by technical evaluation. 5.1.8 Fences and warning signs shall be set up at the entrance of the open mine pit and the dangerous areas around the pit to prevent unrelated persons from entering. 5.1.9 The power supply cables of mining equipment shall be well insulated and shall not be in contact with metal materials and other conductive materials, and protective measures shall be taken when the cables cross roads and railways. 5.1.10 When the surface mining equipment passes under the overhead power line, the distance between the most protruding part of the equipment and the overhead line shall meet the following requirements: ——Not less than 1.5 m for power line below 3 kV; ——Not less than 2.0 m for power line from 3 kV~10 kV; ——Not less than 3.0 m for power line above 10 kV. 5.1.11 Dry perforation equipment without dust traps shall not be used. 5.1.12 Open-air blasting shall comply with the provisions of GB 6722. Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 General 4.3 Full-time production safety management personnel 4.4 Production safety management organization 4.5 Safety education and training 4.6 Mine construction 4.7 Production safety management 4.8 Mine closing 5 Opencast mines 5.1 Basic requirements 5.2 Opencast mining 5.3 Primary crushing 5.4 Ore and rock transportation 5.5 Dumping 5.6 Electrical facilities 5.7 Waterproof and drainage and fire prevention and extinguishing 6 Underground mines 6.1 Basic requirements 6.2 Mine shafts and drifts 6.3 Underground mining 6.4 Hoisting transportation 6.5 Primary crushing 6.6 Downhole environment 6.7 Electrical Facilities 7 Special mining 7.1 Hydromine 7.2 Dredging 7.3 Facing stone mining 7.4 Recovering on saline 7.5 Solution mining 7.6 Well salt mining 7.7 Underground in-situ leaching 8 Emergency rescue 金属非金属矿山安全规程 1 范围 本标准规定了金属非金属矿山的设计、建设、开采和闭坑全过程的安全要求。 本标准适用于金属非金属矿山的设计、建设、开采和闭坑的全过程。 本标准不适用于: ——煤系金属非金属矿山的开采; ——河砂和海砂开采; ——石油、天然气、页岩气、矿泉水等液态或气态矿藏的开采。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB 6722 爆破安全规程 GB 18871 电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准 3 术语和定义 下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 金属非金属露天矿山 metal anal nonmetal opencast mines 在地表通过剥离围岩、表土或砾石,采出金属或非金属矿物的采矿场及其附属设施。 注:“金属非金属露天矿山”在本标准中简称“露天矿山”。 3.2 金属非金属地下矿山 metal anal nonmetal unalerground mines 以平硐、斜井、斜坡道、竖井等作为出入口,深入地表以下,采出金属或非金属矿物的采矿场及其附属设施。 注:“金属非金属地下矿山”在本标准中简称“地下矿山”。 3.3 煤系金属非金属矿山 mines of metal and nonmetal accompanied with coal 开采与煤共(伴)生矿种的金属非金属矿山。 3.4 安全出口 safe exit 矿山井下人员安全地离开井下到达地面的通道。 3.5 主要安全出口 main safe exit 矿山井下人员日常工作时使用的安全出口。 3.6 应急安全出口 emergency exit 矿山井下人员不经常使用的安全出口。 3.7 水力开采 hydromine 利用高压水冲击矿石和围岩,回收矿物的采矿工艺。 3.8 挖掘船开采 dredging 利用挖掘船抽吸含矿泥浆回收有用矿物的采矿工艺。 3.9 饰面石材开采 shaping stone mine 开采大理石等石材的特殊采矿工艺。 3.10 盐湖开采 recovering on saline 在盐湖中开采盐类和其他有用矿物的采矿工艺。 3.11 钻井水溶开采 solution mining 通过钻井将淡水注入井下,将矿物溶解为溶液并压出地面回收的采矿工艺。 3.12 原地浸出采矿 in situ leaching 将溶浸剂从地表压入地下矿层,将有用矿物转化为液相后再抽取至地表的采矿工艺。 3.13 排土场 dump 集中堆放矿山建设和生产过程中产生的腐殖表土和岩石等的场所。 3.14 矿岩粗破碎 primary crushing 为使矿石或者岩石的尺寸满足提升运输或后续工艺要求进行的破碎工作。 3.15 防跑车装置 bull 斜井提升时,安装在提升线路上防止矿车继续下坠的装置。 3.16 岩爆 rockburst 岩体中聚积的弹性变形势能突然猛烈释放,导致岩石爆裂或弹射出来的现象。 3.17 有效风量率 ratio of effective air quantity 各工作面实际得到的有效风量总和与矿井总进风量的比值。 3.18 钢丝绳安全系数 safety factor of steel wire rope with static load 全部钢丝绳的钢丝破断拉力总和与其所承受的最大静载荷之比。 3.19 制动钢丝绳安全系数 safety factor of braking rope 制动钢丝绳的最小破断力与制动载荷之比。 3.20 钢丝绳静防滑安全系数 static anti-slip safety factor of steel wire rope 按照尤拉公式计算出的,提升装置上钢丝绳打滑时的钢丝绳静张力差与设计工况下钢丝绳最大静张力差的比值。 3.21 钢丝绳动防滑安全系数 dynamic anti-slip safety factor of steel wire rope 按照尤拉公式计算出的,提升系统加速或者减速运行过程中提升装置上钢丝绳打滑时的钢丝绳张力差与设计工况下钢丝绳最大动张力差的比值。 3.22 织物芯输送带静载荷安全系数 safety factor of fibre belts 每层织物单位宽度的抗拉强度、织物层数、输送带宽度的乘积与输送带承受的最大静拉力的比值。 3.23 钢丝绳芯输送带静载荷安全系数 safety factor of steel cord belts 输送带单位宽度的抗拉强度和输送带宽度的乘积与输送带承受的最大静拉力的比值。 3.24 输送带动载荷安全系数 safety factor of belts with dynamic load 输送带的名义破断拉力与计算最大动载荷的比值。 3.25 大倾角带式输送机 steep belt conveyor 上行倾角超过15°或者下行倾角超过12°的带式输送机。 3.26 设计最大排水量 maximum engineering drainage water 矿山设计中采取设置防水门等技术措施后,单位时间内需要排出的最大水量。 4 总则 4.1 基本规定 4.1.1 矿山企业应遵守国家有关安全生产的法律、法规、规章和标准。 4.1.2 矿山企业应建立健全安全生产责任制,制定安全生产规章制度、安全教育培训制度和各岗位的安全操作规程。明确各岗位人员的责任和考核标准。 4.1.3 矿山企业应认真执行安全生产责任制和安全生产规章制度。 4.1.4 矿山企业应认真执行安全检查制度。 4.1.5 矿山企业应认真执行安全教育培训制度。 4.1.6 矿山企业应配备专职安全生产管理人员;从业人员超过一百人的应当设置安全生产管理机构。 4.1.7 矿山企业使用的设备、器材、防护用品及安全检测仪器仪表,应符合国家有关要求。 4.1.8 矿山企业应为从业人员提供符合国家标准要求的劳动防护用品。进入矿山作业场所的人员,应按规定佩带防护用品。 4.1.9 露天矿山应保存下列图纸,并根据实际情况的变化及时更新: ——地形地质图; ——采剥工程年末图; ——采场边坡工程平面及剖面图; ——采场最终境界图; ——排土场年末图; ——排土场工程平面及剖面图; ——供配电系统图; ——井下采空区与露天矿平面对照图; ——防排水系统图。 4.1.10 地下矿山应保存下列图纸,并根据实际情况的变化及时更新: ——矿区地形地质图、水文地质图(含平面和剖面); ——开拓系统图; ——中段平面图; ——通风系统图; ——井上、井下对照图; ——压风、供水、排水系统图; ——通信系统图; ——供配电系统图; ——井下避灾路线图; ——相邻采区或矿山与本矿山空间位置关系图。 图中应正确标记: ——已掘进巷道和计划掘进巷道的位置、名称、规格; ——采空区和已充填采空区、废弃井巷和计划开采的采场的位置、名称与尺寸; ——通风、防尘、防火、防水、排水等主要设备和设施的位置; ——风流方向,人员安全撤离的路线和安全出口; ——井下通信设备位置; ——采空区及废弃井巷的处理方式、进度、现状及地表塌陷区的位置。 4.2 矿山企业主要负责人 4.2.1 矿山企业主要负责人对本矿山的安全生产负责。 4.2.2 矿山企业主要负责人应具备矿山安全生产专业知识,具有领导矿山安全生产和处理矿山事故的能力。 4.2.3 矿山企业主要负责人应依法接受安全培训和考核,并取得合格证。 4.3 专职安全生产管理人员 4.3.1 专职安全生产管理人员应从事矿山工作5年以上、具有相应的矿山安全生产专业知识和工作经验并熟悉本矿山生产系统。专职安全生产管理人员应依法接受培训,并取得合格证。 4.3.2 专职安全生产管理人员应按照岗位职责组织或者参与制定本矿山的安全生产规章制度、各岗位的安全操作规程和安全事故应急救援预案。 4.3.3 专职安全生产管理人员应按照岗位职责组织或者参与制定安全教育培训制度,组织矿山从业人员的安全生产教育和培训工作以及外来人员入矿前的安全教育工作。 4.3.4 专职安全生产管理人员应按照岗位职责组织本矿山应急救援演练。 4.3.5 专职安全生产管理人员应按照岗位职责和安全生产检查制度对安全生产状况进行检查;及时排查生产安全事故隐患,提出改进安全生产管理的建议;制止和纠正违章指挥、强令冒险作业、违反操作规程的行为;督促落实本单位安全生产整改措施。检查、处理情况和改进措施及整改情况应由检查人员记录,并由各级责任人员签字确认后存档。 4.4 安全生产管理机构 4.4.1 安全生产管理机构应配备足够的专职安全生产管理人员。 4.4.2 安全生产管理机构负责本矿山安全生产的日常管理工作,组织或者参与制定安全生产规章制度、岗位操作规程、安全事故应急预案,组织安全生产教育和培训工作,组织本矿山应急救援演练。 4.5 安全教育与培训 4.5.1 矿山企业应对矿山从业人员进行安全生产教育和培训,保证各岗位人员具备必要的安全生产知识,熟悉本矿山安全生产规章制度和本岗位安全操作规程,掌握本岗位的安全操作技能。未经安全生产教育和培训合格的,不准许上岗。 4.5.2 新进露天矿山的生产作业人员应接受不少于72 h的安全培训,经考试合格后上岗。 4.5.3 新进地下矿山的生产作业人员应接受不少于72 h的安全培训;经考试合格后,由从事地下矿山作业2年以上的老工人带领工作至少4个月,熟悉本工种操作技术并经考核合格方可独立工作。 4.5.4 调换工种的生产作业人员应接受新岗位的安全操作培训,考试合格方可进行新工种操作。 4.5.5 所有生产作业人员每年至少应接受20 h的职业安全再培训,并应考试合格。 4.5.6 采用新工艺、新技术、新设备、新材料时,应对有关人员进行专门培训和考试。 4.5.7 入矿参观、考察、实习、学习、检查等的外来人员,应接受安全教育,并由熟悉本矿山安全生产系统的从业人员带领进入作业场所。 4.5.8 矿山从业人员的安全培训情况和考核结果,应记录存档。 4.6 矿山建设 4.6.1 矿山企业的办公区、生活区、工业场地、地面建筑等,不应设在危崖、塌陷区、崩落区,不应设在受尘毒、污风影响区域内,不应受洪水、泥石流、爆破威胁。 4.6.2 矿山企业的加油站、加气站应设置在安全地点。 4.6.3 矿山企业的新建、改建、扩建项目,应按照国家要求进行安全设施设计。安全设施应该与主体工程同时设计、同时施工、同时投入生产和使用。 4.6.4 矿山企业的新建、改建、扩建项目的安全设施,应按照国家有关规定进行设计、施工和验收。 4.6.5 矿山建设项目的安全设施应该在项目正式投产前进行验收。 4.7 安全生产管理 4.7.1 任何人不应酒后进入矿山作业场所,不应将酒类饮料带入矿山作业场所;紧急医疗除外。 4.7.2 矿山井下禁止吸烟。 4.7.3 矿山企业的要害岗位、重要设备和设施周围及危险区域,应设置醒目的安全警示标志,并在生产使用期间保持完好。 4.7.4 矿山企业应对安全设施进行定期检查、维护和保养,记录结果并存档,记录应由相关人员签字确认;安全设施在用期间,不得拆除或者破坏。 4.7.5 矿山使用的涉及人身安全的设备应由专业生产单位生产,并经具有专业资质的检测、检验机构检测、检验合格,方可投入使用;矿山生产期间,应定期由具有专业资质的检测、检验机构进行检测、检验,并出具检测、检验报告。 4.7.6 矿山采用涉及安全生产的新技术、新工艺、新设备、新材料之前,应制定可靠的安全措施,并将相关文件存档。 4.7.7 矿山设备不应在有明火或其他不安全因素的地点加油或加气。 4.7.8 地下矿山企业应建立健全下井人员出入矿井登记和检查制度。入井人员应随身携带符合安全要求的照明灯具和自救器。 4.7.9矿山企业发生生产安全事故时,矿山企业主要负责人应立即组织抢救,迅速采取有效措施减小损失。 4.7.10 发生生产安全事故后,企业应按国家有关规定及时、如实报告事故情况;分析事故原因,总结经验教训,提出防止同类事故发生的措施。 4.7.11 发生特别重大生产安全事故,或地下矿山停产6个月以上,恢复生产前应进行全面安全检查、制定和采取可靠的安全措施。满足安全生产条件后方可恢复生产。 4.8 闭坑 4.8.1 露天矿山闭坑应对周围安全无不良影响;露天坑入口、露天坑周围易于发生危险的区域应设置围栏和警示标志,防止人员误入。 4.8.2 地下矿山闭坑时,应对进入矿山地下的入口进行封闭,并沿划定的崩落区范围设置围栏和警示标志,防止人员坠入。 5 露天矿山 5.1 基本规定 5.1.1 有遭遇洪水危险的露天矿山应设置专用的防洪、排洪设施。 5.1.2 在受地下开采影响的范围内进行露天开采时,应采取有效的安全技术措施。 5.1.3 地下开采转为露天开采时,应确定全部地下工程和矿柱的位置并绘制在矿山平、剖面对照图上;开采前应处理对露天开采安全有威胁的地下工程和采空区,不能处理的,应采取安全措施并在开采过程中处理。 5.1.4 露天与地下同时开采时,应分析露天开采与地下开采的相互影响并采取有效的安全措施。露天和井下同时爆破影响安全时,不应同时爆破。 5.1.5 下列区域内不得设置有人员值守的建构筑物: ——受露天爆破威胁区域; ——储存爆破器材的危险区域; ——矿山防洪区域; ——受岩体变形、塌陷、滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害影响区域。 5.1.6 采剥和排土作业不应给深部开采和邻近矿山造成水害或者其他危害。 5.1.7 设计规定保留的矿柱、岩柱、挂帮矿体,在规定的期限内,未经技术论证,不应开采或破坏。 5.1.8 露天坑入口和露天坑周围易于发生危险的区域应设置围栏和警示标志,防止无关人员进入。 5.1.9 采矿设备的供电电缆,应保持绝缘良好,不应与金属材料和其他导电材料接触,横过道路、铁路时应采取防护措施。 5.1.10 露天采矿设备从架空电力线路下方通过时,设备最突出部分与架空线路的距离应符合下列规定: ——3 kV以下,不小于1.5 m; ——3 kV~10 kV,不小于2.0 m; ——10 kV以上,不小于3.0 m。 5.1.11 不应采用没有捕尘装置的干式穿孔设备。 5.1.12 露天爆破应遵守GB 6722的规定。 5.1.13 距坠落基准面2 m及2 m以上、有人员坠落危险的作业场所应设安全网等防护设施,作业人员应佩戴安全带。有六级以上强风时,不应进行高处作业和露天起重作业。 5.1.14 不良天气影响正常生产时,应立即停止作业;威胁人身安全时,人员应转移到安全地点。 5.2 露天开采 5.2.1 一般规定 5.2.1.1 露天开采应遵循自上而下的开采顺序,分台阶开采。生产台阶高度应符合表1的规定。 表1 生产台阶高度 矿岩性质 作业方式 台阶高度 松软的岩土、砂状的矿岩 机械铲装 不爆破 不大于机械的最大挖掘高度 坚硬稳固的矿岩 爆破 不大于机械最大挖掘高度的1.5倍 5.2.1.2 露天矿山应该采用机械方式进行开采。 5.2.1.3 多台阶并段时并段数量不超过3个,且不应影响边坡稳定性及下部作业安全。 5.2.1.4 露天采场应设安全平台和清扫平台。人工清扫平台宽度不小于6 m,机械清扫平台宽度应满足设备要求且不小于8 m。 5.2.1.5 采场运输道路以及供电、通信线路均应设置在稳定区域内。 5.2.2 穿孔作业 5.2.2.1 钻机稳车时,应与台阶坡顶线保持足够的安全距离。穿凿第一排孔时,钻机的纵轴线与台阶坡顶线的夹角不应小于45°。钻机与下部台阶接近坡底线的电铲不应同时作业。钻机长时间停机,应切断机上电源。 5.2.2.2 移动钻机应遵守如下规定: ——行走前司机应先鸣笛,确认履带前后无人; ——行进前方应有充分的照明; ——行走时应采取防倾覆措施,前方应有人引导和监护; ——不应在松软地面或者倾角超过15°的坡面上行走; ——不应90°急转弯; ——不应在斜坡上长时间停留。 5.2.2.3 遇到影响安全的恶劣天气时不应上钻架顶作业。 5.2.3 铲装作业 5.2.3.1 铲装工作开始前应确认作业环境安全。 5.2.3.2 铲装设备工作前应发出警告信号,无关人员应远离设备。 5.2.3.3 铲装设备工作时其平衡装置与台阶坡底的水平距离不小于1 m。 5.2.3.4 铲装设备工作应遵守下列规定: ——悬臂和铲斗及工作面附近不应有人员停留; ——铲斗不应从车辆驾驶室上方通过; ——人员不应在司机室踏板上或有落石危险的地方停留; ——不应调整电铲起重臂。 5.2.3.5 多台铲装设备在同一平台上作业时,铲装设备间距应符合下列规定: ——汽车运输:不小于设备最大工作半径的3倍,且不小于50 m; ——铁路运输:不小于2列车的长度。 5.2.3.6 上、下台阶同时作业时,上部台阶的铲装设备应超前下部台阶铲装设备;超前距离不小于铲装设备最大工作半径的3倍,且不小于50 m。 5.2.3.7 铲装时铲斗不应压、碰运输设备;铲斗卸载时,铲斗下沿与运输设备上沿高差不大于0.5 m;不应用铲斗处理车箱粘结物。 5.2.3.8 发现悬浮岩块或崩塌征兆时,应立即停止铲装作业,并将设备转移至安全地带。 5.2.3.9 铲装设备穿过铁路、电缆线路或者风水管路时,应采取安全防护措施保护电缆、风水管和铁路设施。 5.2.3.10 铲装设备行走应遵守下列规定: ——应在作业平台的稳定范围内行走; ——上、下坡时铲斗应下放并与地面保持适当距离。 5.2.4 边坡 5.2.4.1 露天边坡应符合设计要求,保证边坡整体的安全稳定。 5.2.4.2 邻近最终边坡作业应遵守下列规定: ——采用控制爆破减震; ——保持台阶的安全坡面角,不应超挖坡底。 5.2.4.3 遇有下列情况时,应采取有效的安全措施: ——岩层内倾于采场,且设计边坡角大于岩层倾角; ——有多组节理、裂隙空间组合结构面内倾于采场; ——有较大软弱结构面切割边坡; ——构成不稳定的潜在滑坡体的边坡。 5.2.4.4 边坡浮石清除完毕之前不应在边坡底部作业;人员和设备不应在边坡底部停留。 5.2.4.5 矿山应建立健全边坡安全管理和检查制度。每5年至少进行1次边坡稳定性分析。 5.2.4.6 露天采场工作边坡应每季度检查1次,运输或者行人的非工作边坡每半年检查1次;边坡出现滑坡或者坍塌迹象时,应立即停止受影响区域的生产作业,撤出相关人员和设备,采取安全措施;高度超过200 m的露天边坡应进行在线监测,对承受水压的边坡应进行水压监测。 5.2.4.7 矿山应制定针对边坡滑塌事故的应急预案。 5.2.5 溜井、溜槽 5.2.5.1 溜井应布置在坚硬、稳定的矿岩中;溜井穿过局部不稳固地层时应采取加固措施。 5.2.5.2 溜井井口应高出周围地面,防止地面汇水进入溜井;井口周围应有良好的照明,并设安全护栏和明显的警示标志;溜井卸矿口应设高度不小于车轮轮胎直径1/3的车挡;卸矿时应有监控或者专人指挥。 5.2.5.3 溜井底部放矿硐室应设安全通道。放矿口两侧均应联通地表。 5.2.5.4 不应将杂物卸入溜井,溜井不应放空。 5.2.5.5 在溜井口及其周围进行爆破,应有专门设计。 5.2.5.6 溜井检修时,无关人员不应在附近逗留。 5.2.5.7 溜井发生堵塞、垮塌、跑矿等事故时,应待其稳定后查明事故的位置和原因,再进行处理;事故处理人员不应从下部进入溜井。 5.2.5.8 溜井积水时应妥善处理;采取安全措施后方可继续放矿,且不应卸入粉矿。 5.2.5.9 溜槽高度不大于120 m,倾角不超过50°;溜槽卸矿口应设置高度不小于车轮高度1/3的车挡,溜槽底部应设接矿平台和防滚石挡墙;接矿平台周围应有明显警示标志;溜矿时严禁人员靠近溜槽。 5.3 矿岩粗破碎 5.3.1 矿岩粗破碎站应符合下列规定: ——破碎站应避开有沉降、塌陷、滑坡危险以及受洪水威胁的地段; ——应设照明设施、卸料指示和报警信号装置; ——破碎机受料仓和缓冲仓排料口应设视频监视; ——矿仓口周围应设围挡或防护栏杆;卸车平台受料口应设牢固的安全限位车挡,车挡高度不小于车轮轮胎直径的1/3; ——矿仓口卸料时应采取喷雾降尘措施。 5.3.2 铁路车辆卸载应遵守下列规定: ——翻车机及周围无人、无障碍物,方可翻车卸矿; ——检修翻车机或在矿槽内工作时应有可靠的安全措施; ——粗破碎机和给料设备处于停车状态时,不应直接向破碎机卸矿。 5.3.3 用起重机吊运大块物料时,应将物料绑好挂牢,由专人指挥缓慢起吊。 5.3.4 用起重机吊运大块物料或用破碎锤处理大块时,非作业人员应撤到安全地点。 5.3.5 处理给料设备堵塞和蓬矿时,应遵守下列规定: ——断开设备电源开关,并有专人监护; ——人员应在安全位置作业。 5.3.6 清除破碎机内部物料时,应断开设备电源,并有专人监护;先清除给矿机头部的矿石,然后从破碎机上部开始处理;不得从排矿口下部向上处理。 5.3.7 处理破碎机下部矿仓问题时应遵守下列规定: ——安排人员监护破碎站卸矿平台,防止运输设备卸料; ——断开破碎机和给料设备电源,并有专人监护; ——清空破碎机内的物料; ——作业人员应系好安全绳或者安全带。 5.4 矿岩运输 5.4.1 铁路运输 5.4.1.1 铁路运输线路应符合下列规定: ——线路坡度不大于45‰;曲线段坡度不大于3‰; ——平面连接曲线长度不小于30 m; ——线路的平曲线段轨距应加宽:半径小于300 m时,加宽10 mm;不小于300 m时,加宽5 mm; ——轨距加宽段与正常段之间的连接线长度不小于30 m,坡度不大于3‰; ——竖曲线半径不小于3 000 m,连接线长度不小于200 m; ——道床边坡坡度不大于1:1.75; ——路肩宽度不小于1 m。 5.4.1.2 固定线路的曲线段应符合下列规定: ——准轨铁路曲线半径:不小于120 m; ——窄轨铁路曲线半径:600 mm轨距时,不小于30 m;轨距大于600 mm时,不小于60 m; ——在曲线内侧设护轨。 5.4.1.3 矿山铁路应按规定设置避让线、安全线和故障车辆停车线。 5.4.1.4 窄轨铁路接触线距轨面的高度,应符合下列规定: ——地下型电机车架线应遵守6.4.1.13的规定; ——露天型电机车架线高度不低于3.0 m,并符合设备安全要求; ——接触线与公路交叉处的架线高度根据公路交通安全要求确定。 5.4.1.5 下列地段应设双侧护轨: ——桥梁范围内; ——路堤道口铺砌的范围内; ——准轨线路中心到桥墩距离小于3 m的桥下线路。 5.4.1.6 铁路道口应符合下列规定: ——人流和车流密度较大的铁路与道路的交叉口应实行立体交叉; ——站场内不应设平交道口; ——平交道口应设自动道口信号装置并设专人看守。 5.4.1.7 大桥及跨线桥跨越铁路电网的相应部位应设安全栅网;跨线桥两侧应设防止矿石坠落的防护网。 5.4.1.8 装、卸车线应保证车辆不能自由滑行。线路尽头应设安全车挡与警示标志。 5.4.1.9 准轨列车制动距离不大于300 m;窄轨列车制动距离不大于150 m。 5.4.1.10 同一线路上不应有两列或者两列以上列车同时调车;不应采用自溜方式调车。 5.4.1.11 列车运行时,人员不应攀登机车或车辆;电机车升起受电弓后,人员不应登上车顶或进入侧走台。 5.4.1.12 铁路起重机作业时,应采取措施防止起重机意外移动。 5.4.2 道路运输 5.4.2.1 不应用自卸汽车运载易燃、易爆物品。 5.4.2.2 自卸汽车装载应遵守如下规定: ——停在铲装设备回转范围0.5 m以外; ——驾驶员不离开驾驶室,不将身体任何部位伸出驾驶室外; ——不在装载时检查、维护车辆。 5.4.2.3 双车道的路面宽度,应保证会车安全。主要运输道路的急弯、陡坡、危险地段应设置警示标志。 5.4.2.4 运输道路的高陡路基路段,或者弯道、坡度较大的填方地段,远离山体一侧应设置高度不小于车轮轮胎直径1/2的护栏、挡车墙等安全设施及醒目的警示标志。 5.4.2.5 道路与铁路交叉的道口交角应不小于45°;交叉道口应设置警示牌。 5.4.2.6 汽车运行应遵守下列规定: ——驾驶室外禁止乘人; ——运行时不升降车斗; ——不采用溜车方式发动车辆; ——不空挡滑行; ——不弯道超车; ——下坡车速不超过25 km/h; ——不在主运输道路和坡道上停车; ——不在供电线路下停车; ——拖挂车辆行驶时采取可靠的安全措施,并有专人指挥; ——通过道口之前驾驶员减速瞭望,确认安全后再通过; ——不超载运行。 5.4.2.7 现场检修车辆时,应采取可靠的安全措施。 5.4.2.8 夜间装卸车应有良好的照明条件。 5.4.2.9 雾霾或烟尘影响能见度时,应开启警示灯,靠右侧减速行驶,前后车间距应不小于30 m,视距不足30 m时,应靠右停车。冰雪或多雨季节,道路湿滑时,应有防滑措施并减速行驶,前后车距应不小于40 m。拖挂其他车辆时,应采取有效的安全措施,并有专人指挥。 5.4.3 带式输送机运输 5.4.3.1 使用带式输送机应遵守下列规定: ——物料不应从输送带上向下滚落; ——带式输送机倾角:向上不大于15°,向下不大于12°,大倾角带式输送机除外; ——任何人员均不应搭乘非载人带式输送机; ——在跨越输送机的地点设置带有安全栏杆的跨越桥; ——清除附着在输送带、滚筒和托辊上的物料,应停车进行; ——不在运行的输送带下清理物料; ——输送机运转时不进行注油、检查和修理等工作; ——维修或者更换备件时,应停车、切断电源,并由专人监护,不准许送电。 5.4.3.2 使用大倾角带式输送机应遵守6.4.3.8的规定。 5.4.3.3 钢丝绳芯输送带静载荷安全系数不小于7;棉织物芯输送带静载荷安全系数不小于8;其他织物芯输送带静载荷安全系数不小于10。 5.4.3.4 各种输送带的动载荷安全系数不小于3。 5.4.3.5 带式输送机应设如下安全保护装置: ——装料点和卸料点的空仓、满仓等的保护和报警装置,并与输送机联锁; ——输送带清扫装置; ——防止输送带撕裂、断带、跑偏等的保护装置; ——防止过速、过载、打滑、大块冲击等的保护装置; ——线路上的信号、电气联锁和紧急停车装置; ——可靠的制动装置; ——上行带式输送机防逆转装置。 5.4.3.6 带式输送机传动装置、拉紧装置周围应设安全围栏;输送机转载处应设防护罩和溜槽堵塞保护装置与报警装置。 5.4.3.7 采用带式输送机运输应遵守下列规定: ——无通廊的带式输送机两侧均应设置宽度不小于1.0 m的人行道; ——有通廊的带式输送机两侧应设人行道,经常行人侧的人行道宽度不小于1.0 m,另一侧不小于0.6 m; ——多条带式输送机并列布置时,相邻输送机之间应设置宽度不小于1.0 m的人行道。 5.4.3.8 平硐或者斜井内的带式输送机应采用阻燃型输送带。 5.4.4 斜坡提升 5.4.4.1 提升速度应符合下列规定: ——人车或者串车提升:斜坡长度不大于300 m时,不大于3.5 m/s;斜坡长度大于300 m时,不大于5 m/s; ——箕斗提升:斜坡长度不大于300 m时,不大于5 m/s;斜坡长度大于300 m时,不大于7 m/s; ——人车或者串车通过甩车道的速度不大于1.5 m/s。 5.4.4.2 提升加、减速度应符合下列规定: ——升降人员:不大于0.5 m/s2; ——升降物料:不大于0.75 m/s2。 5.4.4.3 斜坡提升应遵守下列规定: ——采用缠绕式提升机; ——提升机卷筒直径与钢丝绳直径之比不小于60; ——钢丝绳在卷筒上缠绕的层数和卷筒端板高度符合6.4.8.3、6.4.8.4和6.4.8.5的规定; ——最大制动力矩和提升系统最大静力矩之比不小于3; ——从提升机卷筒到天轮的钢丝绳弦长不超过60 m。 5.4.4.4 提升钢丝绳安全系数应符合下列规定: ——专门提升物料的,不小于6.5; ——提升人员的,不小于9.0。 5.4.4.5 提升钢丝绳连接装置安全系数应满足6.4.6.7的规定。 5.4.4.6 提升钢丝绳检验和更换应遵守6.4.7.1、6.4.7.2、6.4.7.4、6.4.7.5、6.4.7.6、6.4.7.7和6.4.7.9的规定。 5.4.4.7 斜坡提升主电机应设短路及断电保护、过速保护、过负荷及无电压保护。斜坡提升系统应设提升容器过卷保护。 5.4.4.8 斜坡轨道与上部车场的连接处应设置阻车器,斜坡轨道线路上应设地辊,底部平车场应设置挡车装置。倾角大于10°的斜坡提升轨道应设轨道防滑装置。轨道两侧应设宽度不小于1.0 m的人行道。人行道倾角为10°~15°时应设人行踏步,15°~35°时应设踏步及扶手,大于35°时应设梯子和扶手。 5.4.4.9 在斜坡轨道上进行检查或者维修工作时,应采取安全措施保证工作人员的安全。 5.4.5 架空索道运输 5.4.5.1 架空索道运输应遵守货运架空索道安全规范的规定。 5.4.5.2 索道线路经过厂区、居民区、铁路、道路时,应有安全防护措施。 5.4.5.3 索道线路与电力、通讯架空线路交叉时,应采取保护措施。 5.4.5.4 遇有八级或八级以上大风时,应停止索道运转和线路上的一切作业。 5.4.5.5 离地高度小于2.5 m的牵引索和站内设备的运转部分,应设安全罩或防护网。高出地面0.6 m以上的站房,应在站口设置安全栅栏。 5.4.5.6 驱动机应同时设置工作制动和紧急制动两套装置,其中任一套装置出现故障,均应停止运行。 5.4.5.7 索道各站都应设有专用的电话和音响信号装置,其中任一种出现故障,均应停止运行。 5.5 排土 5.5.1 排土场 5.5.1.1 排土场不应受洪水威胁或者由于上游汇水造成滑坡、塌方、泥石流等灾害。 5.5.1.2 排土场不应给采矿场、工业场地、居民区、铁路、公路和其他设施造成安全隐患。 5.5.1.3 排土场不应影响露天矿山边坡稳定,不应产生滚石、滑塌等危害。 5.5.1.4 排土场建设前应进行工程地质、水文地质勘查,并按照排土场稳定性要求处理地基。 5.5.1.5 排土场应设拦挡设施,堆置高度大于120 m的沟谷型排土场应在底部设置挡石坝。 5.5.1.6 内部排土场不应影响矿山正常开采和边坡稳定,排土场坡脚与开采作业点之间应留设安全距离,必要时设置滚石或泥石流拦挡设施。 5.5.1.7 排土场防洪应遵守下列规定: ——山坡排土场周围应修筑可靠的截、排水设施; ——山坡排土场内的平台应设置2%~5%的反坡,并在靠近山坡处修筑排水沟; ——排土场范围内有出水点的,应在排土之前进行处理; ——疏浚排土场外截洪沟和排土场内的排水沟,确保排洪设施可以正常工作; ——及时了解和掌握水情以及气象预报情况,保证排土场、下游泥石流拦挡坝和通信、供电、照明线路的安全; ——洪水过后立即对排土场和排洪设施进行检查,发现问题立即处理。 5.5.1.8 矿山应制定针对排土场滑坡、泥石流等事故的应急预案。 5.5.2 排土作业 5.5.2.1 矿山企业应设专职人员负责排土场的安全管理工作。 5.5.2.2 排土作业应按经过批准的安全设施设计进行。 5.5.2.3 排土作业区应符合下列要求: ——有良好的照明; ——配备通信工具; ——设置醒目的安全警示标志。 5.5.2.4 汽车排土应遵守下列规定: ——排土平台应平整,排土线应整体均衡推进; ——在排土卸载平台边缘设置安全车挡,车挡高度不小于车轮轮胎直径的1/2,顶宽不小于车轮轮胎直径的1/4,底宽不小于车轮轮胎直径的3/4; ——由经过培训考核合格的人员指挥; ——进入作业区内的人员、车辆服从指挥;非作业人员未经允许不得进入排土作业区;无关人员不得进入; ——汽车与排土工作面距离小于200 m时,车速不大于16 km/h;与坡顶线距离小于50 m时,车速不大于8 km/h; ——重车卸载时的倒车速度不大于5 km/h; ——能见度小于30 m时停止排土作业。 5.5.2.5 铁路列车排土应遵守下列规定: ——路基面向排土场内侧形成反坡; ——准轨铁路平曲线半径不小于200 m,并设置外轨超高保证安全; ——窄轨铁路平曲线半径:600 mm轨距时,不小于50 m;大于600 mm轨距时,不小于100 m; ——线路尽头前的一个列车长度内,形成2.5‰~5‰的上升坡度; ——卸车线路中心线至台阶坡顶线的距离:准轨线路不小于2 m;窄轨线路不小于1 m; ——卸载线端部设置车挡和带有夜光的拦挡警示牌; ——排土作业点设置清晰的带有夜光的停车标志; ——列车进入排土线后由专人指挥运行;列车以推送方式进入卸车线,从列车尾部向机车方向依次卸车; ——准轨列车运行速度不大于10 km/h;窄轨列车运行速度不大于8 km/h;接近路端时,不大于5 km/h; ——排土人员发出卸车完毕信号后,列车方可驶出排土线。 5.5.2.6 排土机排土应遵守下列规定: ——排土机在稳定的平盘上作业; ——排土机移设时,受料臂、排料臂升起并固定,且与行走方向成一直线,上坡时不转弯; ——排土机与排土场坡顶线的距离符合设备安全要求。 5.5.2.7 推土机作业应遵守下列规定: ——推土机作业的工作面坡度符合设备要求; ——刮板不超出平台边缘; ——距离平台边缘小于5 m时,推土机低速运行; ——推土机不后退开向平台边缘; ——不在排土平台边缘沿平行坡顶线方向推土; ——人员不站在推土机上; ——司机不离开驾驶室。 5.5.2.8 推土机牵引其他设备时应遵守下列规定: ——被牵引设备带有制动系统,并有人操纵; ——下坡时不用绳索牵引; ——行走速度不大于5 km/h; ——有专人指挥。 5.5.2.9 应在平整的地面上维修推土机。维修刮板时,应将其放稳在垫板上,并关闭发动机。 5.5.3 排土场检查与监测 5.5.3.1 排土场应进行下列安全检查: ——排土场台阶高度、排土线长度; ——排土场的反坡坡度,每100 m检查剖面不少于2个; ——排土场边缘的汽车车挡尺寸; ——铁路排土的线路坡度和曲线半径; ——排土机排土时履带与台阶坡顶线之间的距离; ——截排水系统、拦挡坝的完好情况及淤储空间情况。 发现拦挡坝淤储空间不足,排土场出现不均匀沉降、裂缝、隆起时,应查明情况、分析原因并及时处理。 5.5.3.2 矿山企业应建立排土场边坡稳定监测制度,边坡高度超过200 m的,应设边坡稳定监测系统,防止发生泥石流和滑坡。 |
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