标准编号:	GB/T 11022-2020
中文名称:	高压交流开关设备和控制设备标准的共用技术要求
英文名称:	Common specifications for high-voltage alternating-current switchgear and controlgear standards
中标分类:	K43    高压开关设备
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
发布机构:	国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2020-12-14
实施日期:	2021-7-1
标准状态:	现行
替代旧标准:	GB/T 11022-2011 高压开关设备和控制设备标准的共用技术要求
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	89000 字
翻译价格(元):	8000.00 元
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.



This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.



This standard replaces GB/T 11022-2011 Common specifications for high-voltage alternating-current switchgear and controlgear standards. The following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 11022-2011:



——The original"General"in Clause 1 has been modified as "Scope" in Clause 1 and "Normative references"in Clause 2, and the content of "Scope"has also been modified (see Clauses 1 and 2, or Clause 1 of 2011 Edition);



——The terms "internal insulation", "site pollution severity class", "highest voltage for equipment", "supply voltage (of auxiliary and control circuits)" and "thermal time constant" are added (see Clause 3);



——The content of "Normal and special service conditions" is moved to Clause 4 (see Clause 4, or Clause 2 of 2011 Edition);



——The ambient air temperature range in "Normal service conditions"has been modified (see 4.1, or 2.2 of 2011 Edition);



——The original Figure 1 "altitude correction factor" and calculation formula have been deleted (see 2.3.2 of 2011 Edition);



——The pollution requirements and ambient air temperature range for indoor application under "Special service conditions" has been added (see 4.2.3 and 4.2.4);



——The wind speed requirements under "Special service conditions" has been modified, and the requirement for "ice coating" has been deleted (see 4.2.6, or 2.3.6 and 2.3.7 of 2011 Edition);



——The description of rated values has been added (see 5.1.);



——The rated voltage class and rated insulation level applicable to switchgear of generator system have been added, and the calculation method of additional voltage in column (3) and column (5) has been added in Table 1 (see 5.2 and 5.3);



——The rated insulation level of rated voltage range II has been modified (see 5.3, or 4.3 of 2011 Edition);



——The original "rated current" has been changed into "rated continuous current" (see 5.5, or 4.5 of 2011 Edition);

——The peak coefficients of rated peak withstand current at different time constants and rated frequencies have been added (see 5.7);



——The original 4s requirement of the rated short-circuit duration has been changed into 1s (see 5.8, or 4.8 in 2011 Edition);



——The title of the original subclause "Closing and opening devices and auxiliary and control circuits" has been changed into "Auxiliary and control circuits", and the corresponding content has been modified (see 5.9 and 5.10, or 4.9 and 4.10 in 2011 Edition).



——The requirements for "tolerance", "ripple voltage", "voltage drop" and "power interruption" in the original rated voltage have been deleted (see 4.9.3, 4.9.4 and 4.9.5 in 2011 Edition);



——The requirement that "the diameter of fastening screws and bolts shall not be less than 12mm" in "Earthing of switchgear and controlgear" has been deleted (see 5.3 of 2011 Edition);



——The normal operation of electrical circuit has been added (see 6.4.1);



——The requirements for "enclosure" in the original "Auxiliary and control equipment" have been deleted (see 5.4.2 in 2011 Edition);



——The requirement for "Protection against electric shock" have been modified (see 6.4.2, or 5.4.3 in 2011 Edition);



——The content of "fire hazard" have been deleted (see 4.5.4 of 2011 Edition);



——The requirements for "Manually operated actuators" have been added (see 6.8);



——The original "Low-pressure and high-pressure locking and monitoring device" and its content has been modified as "Pressure/liquid level indication" and requirements (see 6.10, or 5.9 in 2011 Edition);



——The requirements for "nameplate" have been modified and Table 9 has been added (see 6.11, or 5.10 in 2011 Edition) ;



——The content of the protection level of "Protection against mechanical impact of equipment under normal service conditions (IK code)" (Table 7 of 5.13.4 in 2011 Edition).



——The requirements for the maximum permissible value of the relative leakage rate of "closed pressure system for gas" have been modified (see 6.16.3, r 5.15.3 in 2011 Edition);

——The tightness requirements for controlled pressure system for liquid and closed pressure system for liquid have been deleted (see 5.16.2 and 5.16.3 in 2011 Edition);



——"Filling pressure/levels for insulation and/or switching and operation" have been added (see 6.22);



——The type test requirements related to plant transfer and off-site production [see item b) of 6.1.1 in 2011 Edition];



——The grouping of type tests and the quantity of test objects have been deleted (see 6.1.2 in 2011 Edition);



——The requirement that "the type test report of performance verification shall be used together with the original type test report" [see item c) of 7.1.1];



——The requirements of "A statement that the test object complies with the drawings submitted" and "the location, laboratory name where the tests were conducted and date of test" have been added in "Information to be included in type test report" (see 7.1.3, or 6.1.4 in 2011 Edition);



——The test criterion in item b) of 7.2.5 has been modified (see 6.2.5 in 2011 Edition);



——The requirements for the polarity of test voltage processing as well as the descriptions of the symbols used in Tables 10-13 have been added (see 7.2.6 and notes in Tables 10-13);



——The voltage values applied by terminals on both sides in the optimal method (see 7.2.7.2, or 6.2.7.2 in 2011 Edition);



——The requirements for voltage distribution of the phase-to-phase insulation test in switching impulse voltage test has been modified (see 7.2.8.3, or 6.2.8.3 in 2011 Edition);



——Application scope of radio interference voltage (RIV) test has been modified (see 7.3, or 6.3 in 2011 Edition);



——Electrical continuity of earthed metallic parts test and resistance measurement of contacts and connections in the main circuit as a condition check have been added (see 7.4.3 and 7.4.4);



——The original "temperature rise test" has been changed into "continuous current test", and content of the original "temperature rise" have been included (see 7.5, or 4.5.2 and 6.5 in 2011 Edition);



——The rated current values of switchgear and controlgear that may be tested after connecting the three poles in series in the continuous current test have been modified (see 7.5.2, or 6.5.2 in 2011 Edition);



——"OG" (oxidizing gas) and "NOG" (non-oxidizing gas) have been introduced to replace the original "gas" and "SF6" respectively (see Table 14 of 7.5.5.1, or Table 3 of 4.5.2 in 2011 Edition);



——The temperature rise/temperature limits of components in Tables 1, 2 and 4 have been modified (see Table 14 of 7.5.5.1, or Table 3 of 4.5.2 in 2011 Edition);



——Accessible surface categories and their corresponding permissible temperature rise/temperature limits have been added (see Table 14 of 7.5.5.1);



——The standard ambient air temperature during the tightness test has been added, and the acceptable ambient air temperature range during the test has been provided (see 7.8.1.1, or 6.8.1 in 2011 Edition);



——The requirements of recording the curve of applied voltage for radio interference levels have been deleted (see 6.9.1 in 2011 Edition).



——The test voltages (common mode/differential mode) of the oscillatory wave immunity test have bee modified (see 7.9.2.3, or 6.9.2.4 in 2011 Edition);



——The steady-state damp heat test in the additional tests of auxiliary and control circuits has been deleted (see 6.10.5.4 in 2011 Edition);



——The test criterion of X-ray test of vacuum interrupter has been added (see 7.11.3);



——The informative Annexes E, H and I of the previous edition have bee deleted.



——Annex A (informative) has bee added.



——Annex B (informative) has bee added;



This standard is modified IEC 62271-1:2017 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear—Part 1: Common specifications for alternating current switchgear and controlgear.



Compared with IEC 62271-1:2017, this standard is structurally changed, and the annex numbers have been adjusted according to the sequence mentioned in the text.



The main technical differences with respect to IEC 62271-1:2017 and their reasons are as follows:



——The adjustments on technical differences are made for the normative references of this standard to adapt to the technical conditions in China, which are mainly reflected in Clause 2 "Normative references", with the following specific content:



● IEC 60038:2009 has been replaced by GB/T 156-2017, which is modified in relation to the international standard;



● IEC 60071-1:2006 has been replaced by GB/T 311.1-2012, which is modified in relation to the international standard;



● IEC 60071-2:1996 has been replaced by GB/T 311.2-2013, which is modified in relation to the international standard;



● IEC 60296 has been replaced by GB 2536, which is modified in relation to international standard;



● IEC 60050(441):1984 is replaced by GB/T 2900.20-2016, which is modified in relation to the international standard;



● IEC 60270 has been replaced by GB/T 7354, which is modified in relation to international standard;



● IEC 60480 has been replaced by GB/T 8905, which is modified in relation to international standard;



● IEC/TR CISPR 18-2 has been replaced by GB/T 11604, which is modified in relation to the international standard;



● IEC 60060-1:2010 has been replaced by GB/T 16927.1-2011, which is modified in relation to the international standard;



● IEC/TS 60815-1:2008 has been replaced by GB/T 26218.1-2010, which is modified in relation to international standard.



● IEC/TS 60815-2:2008 has been replaced by GB/T 26218.2-2010, which is modified in relation to international standard.



● IEC/TS 60815-3:2008 has been replaced by GB/T 26218.3-2011, which is modified in relation to international standard.



● IEC 60050-131:2002, IEC 60050-151:2001, IEC 60050-192:2015, IEC 60050-351, IEC 60050-441:1984, IEC 60050-551, IEC 60001 IEC 60050-605, IEC 60050-614:2016, IEC 60050-811, IEC 60050-826:2004, IEC 60068-2-1:2007, IEC 60068-2-2:2007, IEC 60068-2-30:2005, IEC 60376, IEC 61000-6-5 and IEC 62271-4 have been deleted;



● References for GB/T 762, GB/T 2423 (all parts), GB/T 4025, GB/T 4728.1, GB/T 4796.1, GB/T 4797 (all parts), GB/T 4798 (all parts), GB/T 5169 (all parts), GB/T 5465.2, GB/T 6113 (all parts), GB/T 11023, GB/T 12022, GB/T 13540, GB/T 17627, GB/T 25840, GB/T 28534, GB/T 28537, GB/T 28811 and GB/T 34662 have been added.



——The applicable voltage range and frequency range have been modified to meet the actual situation of China's power grid (see Clause 1).



——Subclauses 3.4.1 and 3.4.2 have been deleted, and 3.4 was revised as "3.4 switching device, no specific definition", because it has been defined in GB/T 2900.20, and is not made here again.



——The rated voltage values of range I and range II have been modified to meet the actual situation of China's power grid (see 5.2).



——The rated voltage and rated insulation level of switchgear of generator system have been added to meet the needs of switchgear of generator system (see 5.2 and 5.3).



——The rated insulation levels of range I and range II have been modified to meet the requirements of insulation coordination in China (see 5.3).



——The calculation method of additional voltage in column (3) and column (5) of Table 1 have been added (see 5.3).



——Tables 2 and 4 of IEC 62271-1:2017 have been deleted, because they are not applicable to China's voltage.



——The DC time constants of 133ms and 150ms have been added, and the corresponding peak coefficients have been provided to meet the needs of switchgear of generator system (see 5.7).



——The optimal value of rated short-circuit duration has been modified to meet the actual requirements of China's power grid (see 5.8).



——The requirement of "if the power supply voltage is less than or equal to 30% of the rated power supply voltage, it shall not be tripped" has been added to meet the actual situation in China (see 6.9).



——The lower limit value of power supply voltage has been modified from "70% (DC)" to "65% (DC)" to meet the actual situation in China (see 6.9.3).



——The requirements of type test cycle have been added to conform to the actual situation in China (see 7.1.1).



——The voltage values applied by the terminals on both sides in 7.2.7.2 optimization method have been modified to ensure the unity of the test voltage.



——The voltage distribution requirements for the phase-to-phase insulation test in 7.2.8.3 has been modified to ensure the consistency of the test.



——The test voltage requirements in 7.2.12 condition inspection have been modified and Note 2 has been added to conform to the actual situation in China.



——The ambient temperature during tightness testing has been modified to coordinate with the relevant standards in China (see 7.8.1.1).



——The Annex I (informative) in IEC 62271-1:2017 has been deleted because it is not applicable to the China's standards.



The editorial modifications of this standard are present as follows:



——In order to be consistent with the available standard series, the name of this standard has been changed to Common specifications for high-voltage alternating-current switchgear and controlgear standards.



Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this standard may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this standard shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.



This standard was proposed by China Electrical Equipment Industrial Association.



This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee 65 on High-voltage Switch Gear of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 65).



The previous editions of this standard are as follows:



——GB 2706-1989;



——GB 763-1990;



——GB 11022-1989, GB/T 11022-1999 and GB/T 11022-2011.





Common specifications for high-voltage alternating-current switchgear and controlgear standards



1 Scope



This standard specifies the terms and definitions, service conditions, rated values, design and structure, as well as requirements of type test and routine test of high-voltage alternating-current switchgear and controlgear.



This standard is applicable to alternating-current switchgear and controlgear designed and installed indoors/outdoors and operating in power systems with ≥3kV voltage and ≤50Hz frequency.



This standard is applicable to all high-voltage alternating-current switchgear and controlgear unless otherwise specified in the relevant product standards for specific types of switchgear and controlgear.



Note 1: In order to facilitate the use of this standard, the voltage range of high-voltage switchgear generally refers to the rated voltage of 3.6kV or above. In practice, the rated voltage range of medium-voltage switchgear is usually 3.6kV-63kV；The rated voltage range of high voltage switchgear is 72.5kV-252kV. The rated voltage range of extra-high voltage switchgear is 363kV-800kV. The rated voltage range of ultra-high voltage switchgear is 1100kV or above.



Note 2: The high-voltage alternating-current switchgear and controlgear with rated frequency of 60Hz may refer to this standard.



Note 3: The high voltage alternating-current switchgear and controlgear applied to electrified railway power supply and distribution system may refer to this standard.



2 Normative references



The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.



GB/T 156-2007 Standard voltages (IEC 60038:2009, MOD)

GB/T 311.1-2012 Insulation co-ordination—Part 1: Definitions, principles and rules (IEC 60071-1:2006, MOD)

GB/T 311.2-2013 Insulation co-ordination—Part 2: Application guide (IEC 60071-2:1996, MOD)

GB/T 762 STANDARD current ratings (GB/T 762-2002, IEC 60059:1999, EQV)

GB/T 2423 (all parts) Environmental testing—Part 2: Test methods

GB 2536 Fluids for electrotechnical applications—Unused mineral insulating oils for transformers and switchgear (GB 2536-2011, IEC 60296:2003, MOD)

GB/T 2900.20-2016 Electrotechnical terminology—High-voltage switchgear and controlgear (IEC 60050(441):1984, MOD)

GB/T 4025 Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface (MMI), marking and identification—Actuating principles (GB/T 4025-2010,IEC 60073:2002,IDT)

GB/T 4208-2017 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code) (IEC 60529:2013, IDT)

GB/T 4585 Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage insulators to be used on a.c.systems (GB/T 4585-2004, IEC 60507:1991, IDT)

GB/T 4728.1 Graphical symbols for electrical diagrams—Part 1: General information (GB/T 4728.1-2018,IEC 60617 data-base,MOD)

GB/T 4796.1 Classification of environmental conditions—Environmental parameters and their severities (IEC 4796.1-2017, IEC 60721-1:2002, IDT)

GB/T 4797(all parts) Classification of environmental conditions—Environmental conditions appearing in nature

GB/T 4798 (all parts) Classification of environmental conditions—Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities

GB 4824 Industrial, scientific and medical equipment—Radio-frequency disturbance characteristics—Limits and methods of measurement (GB 4824-2019, CISPR 11:2015, IDT)

GB/T 5095.2 Electromechanical components for electronic equipment Basic testing procedures and measuring methods—Part 2: General examination, electrical continuity and contact resistance tests, insulation tests and voltage stress tests (GB/T 5095.2-1997, IEC 60512-2:1985, IDT)

GB/T 5169 (all parts) Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products

GB/T 5465.2 Graphical symbols for use on electrical equipment—Part 2: Graphical symbols (GB/T 5465.2-2008, IEC 60417:2007, IDT)

GB/T 6113 (all parts) Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods [CISPR 16 (all parts)];

GB/T 7354 High-voltage test techniques—Partial discharge measurements (GB/T 7354-2018, IEC 60270:2000, MOD)

GB/T 8905 The guide for management and measuring SF6 gas in electrical equipment (GB/T 8905-2012, IEC 60480:2004, MOD)

GB/T 11021 Electrical insulation—Thermal evaluation and designation (GB/T 11021-2014, IEC 60085:2007, IDT)

GB/T 11023 Test method of SF6 gas tightness for high-voltage switchgear

GB/T 11287 Electrical relays—Part 21: Vibration, shock, bump and seismic tests on measuring relays and protection equipment—Section one: Vibration tests (sinusoidal) (GB/T 11287-2000, IEC 60255-21-1:1988, IDT)

GB/T 11604 Testing procedure of radio interference generated by high voltage equipment (GB/T 11604-2015, IEC/TR CISPR 18-2:2010, MOD).

GB/T 12022 Industrial sulfur hexafluoride

GB/T 13540 Seismic qualification for high-voltage switchgear and controlgear (GB/T 13540-2009, IEC 62271-2:2003, MOD)

GB/T 6927.1-2011 High-voltage test techniques—Part 1: General definitions and test requirements (IEC 60060-1:2010, MOD)

GB/T 17626.4 Electromagnetic compatibility—Testing and measurement techniques—Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test (GB/T 17626.4-2018, IEC 61000-4-4:2012, IDT)

GB/T 17626.11 Electromagnetic compatibility—Testing and measurement techniques—Voltage dips,short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests (GB/T 17626.11-2008, IEC 61000-4-11:2004, IDT)

GB/T 1 7626.17 Electromagnetic compatibility—Testing and measurement techniques—Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations on d.c. input power port immunity tests (GB/T 17626.17-2005, IEC 61000-4-17:2002, IDT)

GB/T 17626.18 Electromagnetic compatibility—Testing and measurement techniques—Oscillatory waves immunity test (GB/T 17626.18-2016, IEC 61000-4-18:2011, IDT)

GB/T 17626.29 Electromagnetic compatibility—Testing and measurement techniques—Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations on d.c. input power port immunity tests (GB/T 17626.29-2006, IEC 61000-4-29:2000, IDT)

GB/T 17627 High-voltage test techniques for low-voltage equipment—Definitions, test and procedure requirements, test equipment (GB/T 17627-2019, IEC 61180:2016, MOD).

GB/T 17799.2 Electromagnetic compatibility—Generic standards—Immunity for industrial environments (GB/T 17799.2-2003, IEC 61000-6-2:1999, IDT)

GB/T 20138 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures for electrical equipment against external mechanical impacts (IK code) (GB/T 20138-2006, IEC 62262:2002, IDT)

GB 21711.7-2018 Electromechanical elementary relays—Part 7: Test and measurement procedures (IEC 61810-7:2006, IDT)

GB/T 25840 Guidance concerning the permissible temperature rise for parts of electrical equipment in particular for terminals (GB/T 25840-2010, IEC/TR 60943:2009, IDT).

GB/T 26218.1-2010 Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators intended for use in polluted conditions—Part 1: Definitions, information and general principles (IEC/TS 60815-1:2008, MOD)

GB/T 26218.2-2010 Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators intended for use in polluted conditions—Part 2: Ceramic and glass insulators for a.c.systems (IEC/TS 6081 5-2:2008, MOD)

GB/T 26218.3-2011 Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators intended for use in polluted conditions—Part 3: Composite insulators for a.c.systems (IEC/TS 60815-3:2008, MOD)

GB/T 28534 The health and environmental impact on release of sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) used in high-voltage switchgear and controlgear (GB/T 28534-2012, IEC 62271-303:2008, MOD).

GB/T 28537 Use and handling of sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) in high-voltage switchgear and controlgear (GB/T 28537-2012, IEC 62271-303:2008, MOD)

GB/T 28811 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear—Digital interfaces based on IEC 61850 (GB/T 28811-2012, IEC 62271-3:2006, MOD)

GB/T 34662 Electrotechnical equipment—Temperatures of touchable hot surfaces (GB/T 34662-2017, IEC Guide 117:2010, IDT).

IEC 61850 (all parts) Communication networks and systems for power utility automation

IEC TR 62271-306 High voltage switchgear and controlgear—Part 306: Guide to IEC 62271-100, IEC 62271-1 and other IEC standards related to alternating current circuit-breakers



3 Terms and definitions



For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 2900.20-2016 and the following apply. For the convenience of application, some terms and definitions specified in GB/T 2900.20-2016 are listed below.



Note: Terms and definitions are classified according to GB/T 2900.20-2016. For consistency, references other than GB/T 2900.20-2016 are classified according to the classification method in GB/T 2900.20-2016.



3.1 Terms and definitions



3.1.1

switchgear and controlgear

general term covering switching devices and their combination with associated control, measuring, protective and regulating equipment, also assemblies of such devices and equipment with associated interconnections, accessories, enclosures and supporting structures

[GB/T 2900.20-2016, definition 3.1]



3.1.2

external insulation

distances in atmospheric air and along the surfaces in contact with atmospheric air of solid insulation of the equipment which are subject to dielectric stresses and to the effects of atmospheric and other environmental conditions (such as pollution, humidity and vermin) from the site

[GB/T 2900.57-2008, definition 604-03-02]



3.1.3

internal insulation

internal distances of the solid, liquid or gaseous parts of the insulation of equipment which are protected from the effects of atmospheric and other external conditions

[GB/T 2900.57-2008, definition 604-03-03]

3.1.4

degree of protection

extent of protection provided by an enclosure against access to hazardous parts, against ingress of solid foreign objects and/or ingress of water and against mechanical impact

Note: Modified definition 3.3 in GB/T 4208-2017.



3.1.5

IP code

coding system to indicate the degrees of protection provided by an enclosure against access to hazardous parts, ingress of solid foreign objects, ingress of water and to give additional information in connection with such protection

Note: Modified definition 3.4 in GB/T 4208-2017.



3.1.6

protection provided by an enclosure against access to hazardous parts

protection of persons against:

- contact with hazardous low-voltage live parts;

- contact with hazardous mechanical parts;

- approach to hazardous high-voltage live parts below adequate clearance inside an enclosure.

Note 1: This protection may be provided:

- by means of the enclosure itself;

- by means of barriers as part of the enclosure or distances(gaps) inside the enclosure.

Note 2: Modified definition 3.6 in GB/T 4208-2017.



3.1.7

IK code

coding system to indicate the degree of protection provided by an enclosure against harmful external mechanical impacts

[GB/T 20138-2006, definition 3.3]



3.1.8

maintenance

combination of all technical and management actions intended to retain an item in, or restore it to, a state in which it may perform as required

Note 1: Management is assumed to include supervision activities.

Note 2: Modified definition 192-06-01 in GB/T 2900.99-2016.



3.1.9

visual inspection

visual investigation of the principal features of the switchgear and controlgear

Note 1: This inspection is generally directed toward pressures and/or levels of fluids, tightness, position of relays, pollution of insulating parts, but actions such as lubricating, cleaning, washing, etc. which may be carried out with the switchgear and controlgear in service are also included.

Note 2: Observations resulting from inspection may lead to the decision to carry out overhaul.

Note 3: This inspection may be used for determining the state of tested objects on e.g. cracks in solid insulators.



3.1.10

diagnostic test

comparative test of the characteristic parameters of switchgear and controlgear to verify that it performs its functions, by measuring one or more of these parameters

Note: The result from a diagnostic test may lead to the decision to carry out overhaul.



3.1.11

overhaul

work performed with the objective of repairing or replacing parts in order to restore the component and/or the switchgear and controlgear to an acceptable condition (within tolerance)

Note: Out-of-tolerance parts may be determined by inspection, test, inspection or according to the requirements of the maintenance manual of the manufacturer. Replacing parts may be determined by inspection, diagnostic test, examination or as required by manufacturer's maintenance manual.



3.1.12

failure

loss of ability to perform as required

Note 1: A failure of an item is an event that results in a fault of that item.

Note 2: Qualifiers, such as catastrophic, critical, major, minor, marginal and insignificant, may be used to categorize failures according to the severity of consequences, the choice and definitions of severity criteria depending upon the field of application.

Note 3: Qualifiers, such as misuse, mishandling and weakness, may be used to categorize failures according to the cause of failure.

Note 4: Modified definition 192-03-01 in GB/T 2900.99-2016.



3.1.13

major failure (of switchgear and controlgear)

failure of switchgear and controlgear which causes the cessation of one or more of its fundamental functions

Note: A major failure may result in an immediate change in the system operating conditions, for example, the backup protective equipment will be required to remove the fault or will result in mandatory removal from service within 30 min for unscheduled maintenance.



3.1.14

minor failure (of switchgear and controlgear)

any failure of a constructional element or a subassembly which does not cause a major failure of the switchgear and controlgear





3.1.15

defect

imperfection in the state of an item (or inherent weakness) which may result in one or more failures of the item itself, or of another item under the specific service or environmental or maintenance conditions, for a stated period of time



3.1.16

ambient air temperature

temperature, determined under prescribed conditions, of the air surrounding the complete switching device or fuse

Note: For switching devices or fuses installed inside an enclosure, it is the temperature of the air outside the enclosure.

[GB/T 2900.20-2016, definition 3.13]



3.1.17

monitoring

observation of the operation of a system or part of a system to verify correct functioning by detecting incorrect functioning, this being done by measuring one or more variables of the system and comparing the measured values with the specified values

Note: Some definitions are given for this term in GB/T 2900 (all parts). They are related to different cases of application.



3.1.18

supervision

activity, performed either manually or automatically, intended to observe the state of an item

Note: Automatic supervision may be performed internally or externally to the item.



3.1.19

site pollution severity class

classification of pollution severity at a site, from very light to very heavy, as a function of the SPS (site pollution severity)

Note 1: Five pollution levels are qualitatively defined from very light to very heavy: a-very light, b-light, c-medium, d-heavy and e-very heavy.

Note 2: Modified definition 3.1.13 in GB/T 26218.1-2010.



3.1.20

Non-sustained destructive discharge (NSDD)

disruptive discharge associated with current interruption that does not result in the resumption of power frequency current or, in the case of capacitive current interruption, does not result in current in the main load circuit



3.2 Assemblies of switchgear and controlgear



3.2.1

test object

equipment needed to represent the switchgear and controlgear for a particular type



3.3 Parts of assemblies



3.3.1

transport unit

part of switchgear and controlgear intended for transportation without being dismantled



3.3.2

busbar

low-impedance conductor to which several electric circuits may be connected at separate points

Note: In most cases, the bus bar is composed of rod-shaped conductors.

[GB/T 2900.83-2008, definition 151-12-30]



3.4 switching devices

no specific definition

Note: The specific definition of specific switching device may be found in GB/T 2900.20 or specific product standards.



3.5 Parts of switchgear and controlgear



3.5.1

enclosure

housing affording the type and degree of protection suitable for the intended application

Note 1: Enclosures provide protection of persons or livestock against access to hazardous parts. Barriers, shapes of openings or any other means (whether attached to the enclosure or formed by the enclosed equipment) suitable to prevent or limit the penetration of the specified test probes, are considered as a part of the enclosure, if they are secured in position either by means of interlocks, keys, or by hardware requiring a tool to be removed.

Note 2: Modified definition 826-12-20 in GB/T 2900.71-2008.



3.5.2

hazardous part

part that is hazardous to approach or touch

[GB/T 4208-2017, definition 3.5]



3.5.3

contact (of a mechanical switching device)

conductive parts designed to establish circuit continuity if they touch and which, due to their relative motion during an operation, open or close a circuit or, in the case of hinged or sliding contacts, maintain circuit continuity

Note: Modified definition 7.5 in GB/T 2900.20-2016.



3.5.4

auxiliary circuit (of a switching device)

all the conductive parts of a switching device which are intended to be included in a circuit other than the main circuit, the earthing circuit and the control circuits of the device

Note 1: Some auxiliary circuits fulfill supplementary functions such as signaling, interlocking, etc., and, as such, they may be part of the control circuit of another switching device.

Note 2: Modified definition 7.4 in GB/T 2900.20-2016.



3.5.5

control circuit (of a switching device)

all the conductive parts (other than the main circuit) of a switching device which are included in a circuit used for the closing operation or opening operation, or both, of the device

Note: Modified definition 7.3 in GB/T 2900.20-2016.



3.5.6

auxiliary switch (of a mechanical switching device)

switch containing one or more control and/or auxiliary contacts mechanically operated by a switching device

Note: Modified definition 7.11 in GB/T 2900.20-2016.



3.5.7

control switch (for control and auxiliary circuits)

mechanical switching device which serves the purpose of controlling the operation of switchgear or controlgear, including signaling, electrical interlocking, etc.

Note 1: A control switch consists of one or more contact elements with a common actuating system.

Note 2: Modified definition 6.44 in GB/T 2900.20-2016.



3.5.8

auxiliary contact

contact included in an auxiliary circuit and operated by the switching device

Note: Modified definition 7.10 in GB/T 2900.20-2016.



3.5.9

control contact

contact included in a control circuit of a switching device and operated by this device

Note: Modified definition 7.9 in GB/T 2900.20-2016.



3.5.10

connection (bolted or the equivalent)

two or more conductors designed to ensure permanent circuit continuity if forced together by means of screws, bolts or the equivalent

3.5.11

position indicating device

part of a mechanical switching device which indicates whether it is in the open, closed, or where appropriate, earthed position

Note: Modified definition 7.39 in GB/T 2900.20-2016.

3.5.12

monitoring device

device intended to observe automatically the status of an item



3.5.13

pilot switch

non-manual control switch actuated in response to specified condition of an actuating quantity

Note: The actuating quantity may be pressure, temperature, velocity, liquid level, elapsed time, etc.

[GB/T 2900.20-2016, definition 6.46]



3.5.14

partition (of an assembly)

part of an assembly separating one compartment from other compartments

[GB/T 2900.20-2016, definition 5.7]



3.5.15

actuator

part of the actuating system to which an external actuating force is applied

Note: The actuator may take the form of a handle, knob, push-button, roller, plunger, etc.

[GB/T 2900.20-2016, definition 7.36]



3.5.16

splice

connecting device with barrel(s) accommodating electrical conductor(s) with or without additional provision to accommodate and secure the insulation

Note: Modified definition 581-24-19 in GB/T 4210-2015.



3.5.17

terminal

point of interconnection of an electric circuit element, an electric circuit or a network with other electric circuit elements, electric circuits or networks

Note 1: For an electric circuit element, the terminals are the points at which or between which the related integral quantities are defined. At each terminal, there is only one electric current from outside into the element.

Note 2: The term "terminal" has a related meaning in GB/T 2900.83-2008.

Note 3: Modified definition 131-11-11 in GB/T 2900.74-2008.





3.5.18

terminal block

assembly of terminals in a housing or body of insulating material to facilitate interconnection between multiple conductors

Note: Modified definition 581-26-26 in GB/T 4210-2015.



3.5.19

contactor

mechanical contactor

mechanical switching device having only one position of rest, operated otherwise than by hand, capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions including operating overload conditions

Note 1: Contactors may be designated according to the method by which the force for closing the main contacts is provided.

Note 2: Modified definition 6.31 in GB/T 2900.20-2016.



3.5.20

starter

combination of all the switching means necessary to start and stop a motor in combination with suitable overload protection

Note 1: Starters may be designated according to the method by which the force for closing the main contacts is provided.

Note 2: Modified definition 6.36 in GB/T 2900.20-2016.



3.5.21

vacuum interrupter

component being part of a switching device in which electrical contacts operate in a highly evacuated, hermetically sealed environment



3.5.22

operation counter

device indicating the number of operating cycles a mechanical switching device has accomplished



3.5.23

coil

set of series-connected turns, usually coaxial

Note: Modified definition 151-13-15 in GB/T 2900.83-2008.



3.5.24

auxiliary and control circuits

- control and auxiliary circuits, mounted on or adjacent to the switchgear or controlgear, including circuits in central control cubicles;

- equipment for monitoring, diagnostics, etc. that is part of the auxiliary circuits of the switchgear or controlgear;

- circuits connected to the secondary terminals of instrument transformers, that are part of the switchgear or controlgear



3.5.25

subassembly (of auxiliary and control circuits)

part of auxiliary and control circuits, with regard to function or position, having its own interface and normally placed in a separate enclosure



3.5.26

interchangeable subassembly (of an auxiliary and control circuits)

subassembly which is intended to be placed in various positions within an auxiliary and control circuits, or intended to be replaced by other similar subassemblies

Note: An interchangeable subassembly has an accessible interface.



3.5.27

interlocking device

device which makes the operation of a switching device dependent upon the position or operation of one or more other pieces of equipment

[GB/T 2900.20-2016, definition 7.31]



3.6 Operational characteristics of switchgear and controlgear



3.6.1

dependent power operation (of a mechanical switching device)

operation by means of energy other than manual, where the completion of the operation is dependent upon the continuity of the power supply (to solenoids, electric or pneumatic motors, etc.)

Note: Modified definition 8.14 in GB/T 2900.20-2016.



3.6.2

stored energy operation (of a mechanical switching device)

operation by means of energy stored in the drive mechanism itself prior to the completion of the operation and sufficient to complete it under predetermined conditions

Note 1: This kind of operation may be subdivided according to:

- the manner of storing the energy (spring, weight, etc.);

- the origin of the energy (manual, electric, etc.);

- the manner of releasing the energy (manual, electric, etc.).

Note 2: Modified definition 8.15 in GB/T 2900.20-2016.



3.6.3

independent unlatched operation

stored energy operation where energy is stored and released in one continuous operation such that the speed and force of the operation are independent of the rate of applied energy

Note: The energy stored for the operation may originate from the operator (manual) or a power source.



3.6.4

positively driven operation

operation which, in accordance with specified requirements, is designed to ensure that auxiliary contacts of a mechanical switching device are in the respective positions corresponding to the open or closed position of the main contacts

Note 1: A positively driven operating device is made by the association of a moving part, linked mechanically to the main contact of the primary circuit, without the use of springs, and a sensing element. In the case of mechanical auxiliary contacts, this sensing element may be simply the fixed contact, directly connected to the secondary terminal. In the case where the function is achieved electronically, the sensing element may be a static transducer (optical, magnetic, etc.) associated with a static switch, or associated with an electronic or electro-optic transmitting element.

Note 2: Modified definition 8.12 in GB/T 2900.20-2016.



3.6.5 Terms and definitions relative to pressure (or density)



3.6.5.1

rated filling pressure pre (or density ρre) for insulation and/or switching

pressure (in Pa), for insulation and/or for switching, referred to the standard atmospheric air conditions of 20℃ and 101.3kPa (or density), which may be expressed in relative or absolute terms, to which the assembly is filled before being put into service, or automatically replenished



3.6.5.2

rated filling pressure prm (or density ρrm) for operation

pressure (in Pa), for operation, referred to the standard atmospheric air conditions of 20℃ and 101.3kPa (or density), which may be expressed in relative or absolute terms, to which the energy storage device is filled before being put into service or automatically replenished



3.6.5.3

alarm pressure pae (or density ρae) for insulation and/or switching

pressure (in Pa), for insulation and/or for switching, referred to the standard atmospheric air conditions of 20℃ and 101.3kPa (or density), which may be expressed in relative or absolute terms, at which a monitoring signal may be provided



3.6.5.4

alarm pressure pam (or density ρam) for operation

pressure (in Pa), for operation, referred to the standard atmospheric air conditions of 20℃ and 101.3kPa (or density), which may be expressed in relative or absolute terms, at which a monitoring signal from the energy storage device may be provided



3.6.5.5

minimum functional pressure pme (or density ρme) for insulation and/or switching

pressure (in Pa), for insulation and/or for switching, referred to the standard atmospheric air conditions of 20℃ and 101.3kPa (or density), which may be expressed in relative or absolute terms, at which and above which rated characteristics of switchgear and controlgear are maintained



3.6.5.6

minimum functional pressure pmm (or density ρmm) for operation

pressure (in Pa), for operation, referred to the standard atmospheric air conditions of 20℃ and 101.3kPa (or density), which may be expressed in relative or absolute terms, at which and above which rated characteristics of switchgear and controlgear are maintained and at which a replenishment of the energy storage device becomes necessary

Note: This pressure is often designated as interlocking or lockout pressure.



3.6.6 Terms and definitions relating to gas and vacuum tightness



3.6.6.1

controlled pressure system for gas

volume which is automatically replenished from an external compressed gas supply or internal gas source

Note 1: Examples of controlled pressure systems are air-blast circuit-breakers or pneumatic drive mechanisms.

Note 2: A volume may consist of several permanently connected gas-filled compartments.



3.6.6.2

closed pressure system for gas

volume which is replenished if needed by manual connection to an external gas source

Note: Example of closed pressure systems are SF6 single-pressure circuit-breakers.



3.6.6.3

sealed pressure system

volume for which no further liquid, gas or vacuum processing is required during its expected operating duration

Note 1: Examples of sealed pressure systems are vacuum interrupters or some SF6 circuit-breakers.

Note 2: Sealed pressure systems are completely assembled and tested in the factory.

Note 3: Expected operating duration starts when the device is sealed.



3.6.6.4

absolute leakage rate

F

amount of gas escaped by time unit

Note: The absolute leakage rate is usually expressed in Pa×m3×s-1.



3.6.6.5

permissible leakage rate

Fp

maximum permissible absolute leakage rate of gas specified for a part, a component or a sub-assembly, or by using the tightness coordination chart, for an arrangement of parts, components or subassemblies connected together in one pressure system



3.6.6.6

relative leakage rate

Frel

absolute leakage rate related to the total amount of gas in the system at filling pressure (or density)

Note 1: The relative leakage rate is expressed in percentage per year or per day.



3.6.6.7

time between replenishments

tr

time elapsed between two replenishments performed manually if the pressure (density) reaches the alarm level, to compensate the leakage rate F

Note 1: This value is applicable to closed pressure systems.



3.6.6.8

number of replenishments per day

N

number of replenishments to compensate the leakage rate F in a 24-hour continuous period. This value is applicable to controlled pressure systems.



3.6.6.9

pressure drop

∆p

drop of pressure in a given time caused by the leakage rate F, without replenishment



3.6.6.10

tightness coordination chart

survey document supplied by the manufacturer, used if testing parts, components or sub-assemblies, to demonstrate the relationship between the tightness of a complete system and that of the parts, components and/or sub-assemblies



3.6.6.11

sniffing

action of slowly moving a leak meter sensing probe around an assembly to locate a gas leak



3.6.6.12

cumulative leakage measurement

measurement which takes into account all the leaks from a given assembly to determine the leakage rate



3.6.7 Terms and definitions relating to liquid tightness



3.6.7.1

absolute leakage rate

Fliq

amount of liquid escaped by time unit

Note: The absolute leakage rate is usually expressed in cm 3×s-1.



3.6.7.2

permissible leakage rate

Fp(liq)

maximum permissible leakage rate specified by the manufacturer for a liquid pressure system



3.6.7.3

number of replenishments per day

Nliq

number of replenishments to compensate the leakage rate Fliq



3.6.7.4

pressure drop

∆Pliq

drop in pressure in a given time caused by the leakage rate Fliq without replenishment



3.7 Characteristic quantities



3.7.1

isolating distance (of a pole of a mechanical switching device)

clearance between open contacts meeting the withstand voltage requirements specified for disconnectors

Note: Modified definition 9.32 in GB/T 2900.20-2016.



3.7.2

rated value

value of a quantity used for specification purposes, established for a specified set of operating conditions of a component, device, equipment or system

Note: Modified definition 151-16-08 in GB/T 2900.83-2008.



3.7.3

highest voltage for equipment

Um

greatest value of phase-to-phase voltage (RMS value) for which the equipment is designed in respect of its insulation as well as other characteristics which relate to this voltage in the relevant equipment standards

Note 1: Under normal service conditions specified by the relevant apparatus committee this voltage may be applied continuously to the equipment.

Note: Modified definition 604-03-01 in GB／T 2900.57-2008.



3.7.4

supply voltage (of auxiliary and control circuits)

RMS value or, if applicable, the DC value, of the voltage existing at a given instant at a point of supply, measured over a given time interval

Note 1: If a supply voltage is specified for instance in the supply contract, then it is called "declared supply voltage".

Note 2: The supply voltage of auxiliary and control circuits is measured at the circuit terminals of the apparatus itself during its operation, including, if necessary, the auxiliary resistors or accessories supplied or required by the manufacturer to be installed in series with it, but not including the conductors for the connection to the electricity supply.

Note 3: Modified definition 614-01-03 IEC 60050-614:2016.



3.7.5

thermal time constant

time required for a switchgear to reach a steady temperature rise under adiabatic conditions



4 Normal and special service conditions



4.1 Normal service condition



4.1.1 General



Unless otherwise specified, high-voltage switchgear and controlgear, including the operating devices and the auxiliary equipment which form an integral part of them, are intended to be used in accordance with their rated characteristics and the normal service conditions listed in 4.1.



Operation under normal service conditions is considered to be covered by the type tests according to this document and relevant product standard.



4.1.2 Indoor switchgear and controlgear



The normal service conditions for indoor switchgear and controlgear are:



a) the ambient air temperature does not exceed 40℃ and its average value, measured over a period of 24h does not exceed 35℃. The ambient air temperature does not drop below –5℃;

b) there is no influence from solar radiation;



c) the altitude does not exceed 1000m;



d) the ambient air is not significantly polluted by dust, smoke, corrosive and/or flammable gases, vapors or salt and would be considered as having site pollution severity class (SPS) "a" according to GB/T 26218.1-2010;



e) the conditions of humidity are as follows:



— The average value of the relative humidity, measured over a period of 24h, does not exceed 95%;



— The average value of the water vapor pressure, over a period of 24h, does not exceed 2.2kPa;



— The average value of the relative humidity, over a period of one month, does not exceed 90%;



— The average value of the water vapor pressure, over a period of one month, does not exceed 1.8kPa.



Note 1: Condensation may be expected where sudden temperature changes occur in periods of high humidity.



Note 2: High humidity may also be due to ground level rainwater or for underground applications, from incoming cable raceways connected to switchgear.



f) vibrations due to causes external to the switchgear and controlgear or earth tremors do not exceed the impact of vibrations caused by operation of the switchgear itself.

Foreword I
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Normal and special service conditions
4.1 Normal service condition
4.2 Special service condition
5 Ratings
5.1 General
5.2 Rated voltages (Ur)
5.3 Rated insulation level (Ud, Up, Us)
5.4 Rated frequency fr
5.5 Rated continuous current (Ir)
5.6 Rated short-time withstand current (Ik)
5.7 Rated peak withstand current (Ip)
5.8 Rated duration of short-circuit (tk)
5.9 Rated supply voltage of auxiliary and control circuits (Ua)
5.10 Rated supply frequency of auxiliary and control circuits
5.11 Rated pressure of compressed gas supply for controlled pressure systems
5.12 Rated filling pressure/levels for insulation and/or switching
6 Design and construction
6.1 Requirements for liquids in switchgear and controlgear
6.2 Requirements for gases in switchgear and controlgear
6.3 Earthing of switchgear and controlgear
6.4 Auxiliary and control equipment and circuits
6.5 Dependent power operation
6.6 Stored energy operation
6.7 Independent unlatched operation (independent manual or power operation)
6.8 Manually operated actuators
6.9 Operation of releases
6.10 Pressure/liquid level indication
6.11 Nameplates
6.12 Locking devices
6.13 Position indication
6.14 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures
6.15 Creepage distances for outdoor insulators
6.16 Gas and vacuum tightness
6.17 Tightness of liquid
6.18 Fire hazard (flammability)
6.19 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
6.20 X-ray emission
6.21 Corrosion
6.22 Filling pressure/levels for insulation and/or switching and operation
7 Type tests
7.1 General
7.2 Insulation test
7.3 Radio interference voltage (RIV) test
7.4 Circuit resistance measurement
7.5 Continuous current test
7.6 Short-time withstand current and peak withstand current tests
7.7 Verification of the protection
7.8 Tightness tests
7.9 Electromagnetic compatibility tests (EMC)
7.10 Additional tests on auxiliary and control circuits
7.11 X-radiation test for vacuum interrupters
8 Routine tests
8.1 General
8.2 Dielectric test on the main circuit
8.3 Tests on auxiliary and control circuits
8.4 Measurement of the resistance of the main circuit
8.5 Tightness test
8.6 Design and visual checks
9 Guide to the selection of switchgear and controlgear
9.1 General
9.2 Selection of rated values
9.3 Cable-interface considerations
9.4 Continuous or temporary overload due to changed service conditions
9.5 Environmental aspects
10 Information to be given with enquiries, tenders and orders
10.1 General
10.2 Information with enquiries and orders
10.3 Information with tenders
11 Transport, storage, installation, operating instructions and maintenance
11.1 General
11.2 Conditions during transport, storage and installation
11.3 Installation
11.4 Operating instructions
11.5 Maintenance
12 Safety
12.1 General
12.2 Precautions by manufacturers
12.3 Precautions by users
13 Influence of the product on the environment
Annex A (Informative) Pollution levels and minimum nominal unified specific creepage distance across external insulation of switchgear
Annex B (Informative) References for auxiliary and control circuit components
Annex C (Informative) List of symbols
Annex D (Normative) Method for the weatherproofing test for outdoor switchgear and controlgear
Annex E (Normative) Tolerances on test quantities during tests
Annex F (Informative) Extension of validity of type tests
Annex G (Normative) Identification of test objects
Annex H (Normative) Determination of the equivalent RMS value of a short-time current during a short-circuit of a given duration
Annex I (Informative) Information and technical requirements to be given with enquiries, tenders and orders
Annex J (Informative) Electromagnetic compatibility on site
Bibliography

高压交流开关设备和控制设备标准的
共用技术要求
1 范围
本标准规定了高压交流开关设备和控制设备的术语和定义、使用条件、额定值、设计与结构、型式试验和出厂试验等要求。
本标准适用于设计安装在户内或户外且运行在电压3 kV及以上、频率50 Hz及以下的电力系统中的交流开关设备和控制设备。
除非在有关的产品标准中对特定类型开关设备和控制设备另有规定，本标准适用于所有的高压交流开关设备和控制设备。
注1：为了便于本标准的使用，通常意义上的高压开关设备的电压范围是泛指额定电压3.6 kV及以上。实际应用中通常中压开关设备的额定电压范围是3.6 kV～63 kV；高压开关设备的额定电压范围是72.5 kV～252 kV；超高压开关设备的额定电压范围是363 kV～800 kV；特高压开关设备的额定电压范围是1100 kV及以上。
注2：额定频率为60 Hz的高压交流开关设备和控制设备可参照本标准。
注3：电气化铁道供配电系统中使用的高压交流开关设备和控制设备可参照本标准。
2 规范性引用文件
下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
GB/T 156—2017 标准电压(IEC 60038：2009，MOD)
GB/T 311.1—2012 绝缘配合 第1部分：定义、原则和规则(IEC 60071-1：2006，MOD)
GB/T 311.2—2013 绝缘配合 第2部分：使用导则(IEC 60071-2：1996，MOD)
GB/T 762 标准电流等级(GB/T 762—2002，IEC 60059：1999，EQV)
GB/T 2423(所有部分) 环境试验 第2部分：试验方法
GB 2536 电工流体 变压器和开关用的未使用过的矿物绝缘油(GB 2536—2011，IEC 60296：2003，MOD)
GB/T 2900.20—2016 电工术语 高压开关设备和控制设备[IEC 60050(441)：1984，MOD]
GB/T 4025 人机界面标志标识的基本和安全规则 指示器和操作器件的编码规则(GB/T 4025—2010，IEC 60073：2002，IDT)
GB/T 4208—2017 外壳防护等级(IP代码)(IEC 60529：2013，IDT)
GB/T 4585 交流系统用高压绝缘子的人工污秽试验(GB/T 4585—2004，IEC 60507：1991，IDT)
GB/T 4728.1 电气简图用图形符号 第1部分：一般要求(GB/T 4728.1—2018，IEC 60617 data-base，MOD)
GB/T 4796.1 环境条件分类 第1部分：环境参数及其严酷程度(GB/T 4796.1—2017，IEC 60721-1：2002，IDT)
GB/T 4797(所有部分) 环境条件分类 自然环境条件
GB/T 4798(所有部分) 环境条件分类 环境参数组分类及其严酷程度分级
GB 4824 工业、科学和医疗设备 射频骚扰特性 限值和测量方法(GB 4824—2019，CISPR 11：2015，IDT)
GB/T 5095.2 电子设备用机电元件 基本试验规程及测量方法 第2部分：一般检查、电连续性和接触电阻测试、绝缘试验和电压应力试验(GB/T 5095.2—1997，IEC 60512-2：1985，IDT)
GB/T 5169(所有部分) 电工电子产品着火危险试验
GB/T 5465.2 电气设备用图形符号 第2部分：图形符号(GB/T 5465.2—2008，IEC 60417 DB：2007，IDT)
GB/T 6113(所有部分) 无线电骚扰和抗扰度测量设备和测量方法规范[CISPR 16(所有部分)]
GB/T 7354 高电压试验技术 局部放电测量(GB/T 7354—2018，IEC 60270：2000，MOD)
GB/T 8905 六氟化硫电气设备中气体管理和检测导则(GB/T 8905—2012，IEC 60480：2004，MOD)
GB/T 11021 电气绝缘 耐热性和表示方法(GB/T 11021—2014，IEC 60085：2007，IDT)
GB/T 11023 高压开关设备六氟化硫气体密封试验方法
GB/T 11287 电气继电器 第21部分：量度继电器和保护装置的振动、冲击、碰撞和地震试验 第1篇：振动试验(正弦)(GB/T 11287—2000，IEC 60255-21-1：1988，IDT)
GB/T 11604 高压电气设备无线电干扰测试方法(GB/T 11604—2015，IEC/TR CISPR 18-2：2010，MOD)
GB/T 12022 工业六氟化硫
GB/T 13540 高压开关设备和控制设备的抗震要求(GB/T 13540—2009，IEC 62271-2：2003，MOD)
GB/T 1 6927.1—2011 高电压试验技术 第1部分：一般定义及试验要求(IEC 60060-1：2010，MOD)
GB/T 17626.4 电磁兼容 试验和测量技术 电快速瞬变脉冲群抗扰度试验(GB/T 17626.4—2018，IEC 61000-4-4：2012，IDT)
GB/T 17626.11 电磁兼容 试验和测量技术 电压暂降、短时中断和电压变化的抗扰度试验(GB/T 17626.11—2008，IEC 61000-4-11：2004，IDT)
GB/T 1 7626.17 电磁兼容 试验和测量技术 直流电源输入端口纹波抗扰度试验(GB/T 17626.17—2005，IEC 61000-4-17：2002，IDT)
GB/T 17626.18 电磁兼容 试验和测量技术 阻尼振荡波抗扰度试验(GB/T 17626.18—2016，IEC 61000-4-18：2011，IDT)
GB/T 17626.29 电磁兼容 试验和测量技术 直流电源输入端口电压暂降、短时中断和电压变化的抗扰度试验(GB/T 17626.29—2006，IEC 61000-4-29：2000，IDT)
GB/T 17627 低压电气设备的高电压试验技术 定义、试验和程序要求、试验设备(GB/T 17627—2019，IEC 61180：2016，MOD)
GB/T 17799.2 电磁兼容 通用标准 工业环境中的抗扰度试验(GB/T 17799.2—2003，IEC 61000-6-2：1999，IDT)
GB/T 20138 电器设备外壳对外界机械碰撞的防护等级(IK代码)(GB/T 20138—2006，IEC 62262：2002，IDT)
GB/T 21711.7—2018 基础机电继电器 第7部分：试验和测量程序(IEC 61810-7：2006，IDT)
GB/T 25840 规定电气设备部件(特别是接线端子)允许温升的导则(GB/T 25840—2010，IEC/TR 60943：2009，IDT)
GB/T 26218.1—2010 污秽条件下使用的高压绝缘子的选择和尺寸确定 第1部分：定义、信息和一般原则(IEC/TS 60815-1：2008，MOD)
GB/T 26218.2—2010 污秽条件下使用的高压绝缘子的选择和尺寸确定 第2部分：交流系统用瓷和玻璃绝缘子(IEC/TS 6081 5-2：2008，MOD)
GB/T 26218.3—2011 污秽条件下使用的高压绝缘子的选择和尺寸确定 第3部分：交流系统用复合绝缘子(IEC/TS 60815-3：2008，MOD)
GB/T 28534 高压开关设备和控制设备中六氟化硫(SF6)气体的释放对环境和健康的影响(GB/T 28534—2012，IEC 62271-303：2008，MOD)
GB/T 28537 高压开关设备和控制设备中六氟化硫(SF6)的使用和处理(GB/T 28537—2012，IEC 62271-303：2008，MOD)
GB/T 28811 高压开关设备和控制设备 基于IEC 61850的数字接口(GB/T 28811—2012，IEC 62271-3：2006，MOD)
GB/T 34662 电气设备 可接触热表面的温度指南(GB/T 34662—2017，IEC Guide 117：2010，IDT)
IEC 61850(所有部分) 变电站的通信网络与系统(Communication networks and systems for power utility automation)
IEC TR 62271-306 高压开关设备和控制设备 第306部分：IEC 62271-1、IEC 62271-100以及与交流断路器相关的其他IEC标准的导则(High voltage switchgear and controlgear—Part 306：Guide to IEC 62271-100，IEC 62271-1 and other IEC standards related to alternating current circuit-breakers)
3 术语和定义
GB/T 2900.20—2016界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。为了便于使用，以下重复列出了GB/T 2900.20—2016的某些术语和定义。
注：术语和定义按照GB/T 2900.20—2016予以分类。为了一致起见，GB/T 2900.20—2016之外的引用，也按GB/T 2900.20—2016中的分类法加以分类。
3.1 通用术语和定义
3.1.1
开关设备和控制设备 switchgear and controlgear
开关装置及与其相关的控制、测量、保护和调节设备的组合，以及这些装置和设备同相关的电气连接、辅件、外壳和支撑件的总装的总称。
[GB/T 2900.20—2016，定义3.1]
3.1.2
外绝缘 external insulation
空气间隙及设备固体绝缘的外露表面，它承受着电应力作用和大气条件以及其他外部条件诸如污秽、潮湿、虫害等的影响。
[GB/T 2900.57—2008，定义604-03-02]
3.1.3
内绝缘 internal insulation
设备内部的固体、液体或气体绝缘，它不受大气和其他外部条件的影响。
[GB/T 2900.57—2008，定义604-03-03]
3.1.4
防护等级 degree of protection
外壳提供的防止接近危险部件、防止固体外物进入和/或防止水进入以及防止机械撞击的防护程度。
注：改写GB/T 4208—2017，定义3.3。
3.1.5
IP代码 IP code
一种表示外壳防护等级并给出相关信息的编码系统，以防止接近危险部件，以及防止固体外物或水进入设备。
注：改写GB/T 4208—2017，定义3.4。
3.1.6
外壳提供的防止接近危险部件的防护 protection provided by an enclosure against access to haz-ardous parts
为人员提供保护，以防止：
——触及危险的低压带电部件；
——触及危险的机械部件；
——在外壳内部低于安全距离接近危险的高压带电部件。
注1：防护可以通过下述途径来提供：
——外壳自身；
——成为外壳一部分的障板或者外壳内部的距离(间隙)。
注2：改写GB/T 4208—2017，定义3.6。
3.1.7
IK代码 IK code
代码表示外壳对外界有害机械碰撞的防护等级。
[GB/T 20138—2006，定义3.3]
3.1.8
维修 maintenance
所有技术活动和管理活动，目的是使设备保持在或恢复到能够实现要求功能的状态。
注1：认为管理活动包含了监督活动。
注2：改写GB/T 2900.99—2016，定义192-06-01。
3.1.9
外观检查 visual inspection
对开关设备和控制设备的主要特性进行的检视。
注1：这类检视通常针对流体压力和/或液面、密封性、继电器的位置和绝缘件的脏污程度，也包括对运行中的开关设备和控制设备能够进行的润滑、清扫和清洗等。
注2：检查的结果能够引导作出是否检修的决定。
注3：该检查也可用于确定试品的状态，例如，绝缘子的破损。
3.1.10
诊断试验 diagnostic test
开关设备和控制设备特性参数的比较试验，通过测量这些参数中的一项或多项，来验证它是否能够履行其功能。
注：诊断试验的结果能够引导作出是否检修的决定。
3.1.11
检修 overhaul
为了使元件和/或开关设备和控制设备恢复到可接受的状态(在公差范围内)而进行的修理或更换超差零件的工作。
注：超差零件可通过检查、试验、检验或按制造厂维修手册的要求来确定。
3.1.12
失效 failure
设备丧失了执行所要求功能的能力。
注1：失效是导致故障的事件。
注2：根据后果的严重程度，可以将失效分类为灾难性的、严重的、重的、轻的、微小的和不明显的失效，严重程度判据的选择和确定取决于适用场合。
注3：也可以根据失效的起因来分类，例如，误用、误操作和薄弱点。
注4：改写GB/T 2900.99—2016，定义192-03-01。
3.1.13
重失效(开关设备和控制设备的) major failure(of switchgear and controlgear)
引起开关设备和控制设备丧失其一项或多项基本功能的失效。
注：重失效可导致系统运行状态的立即改变，例如要求后备保护排除故障，或者在限定时间之内强行使其退出运行，进行非计划维修。
3.1.14
轻失效(开关设备和控制设备的) minor failure(of switchgear and controlgear)
结构元件或部件的失效，它不导致开关设备和控制设备的重失效。
3.1.15
缺陷 defect
设备在状态方面的不完善(或固有的薄弱点)，在规定的使用、环境或维修条件下，在预定的时间内这种不完善能够导致设备本身或另一设备的一项或多项失效。
3.1.16
周围空气温度 ambient air temperature
按规定条件测定的围绕整个开关设备和控制设备的周围空气的平均温度。
注：对于安装在外壳内部的开关装置或熔断器，周围空气温度是指外壳外部的空气温度。
[GB/T 2900.20—2016，定义3.13]
3.1.17
监测 monitoring
通过探测不正确的功能来验证正确功能而对系统或部分系统的运行所进行的检测，该检测是通过测量系统的一个或多个变量并把测到的数值和规定值进行比较来完成的。
注：GB/T 2900(所有部分)中对该术语给出了多个定义，它们对应于不同的应用领域。
3.1.18
监督 supervision
为了监测设备的状态，人工或自动进行的行为。
注：自动监督可以在装备内部或外部进行。
3.1.19
现场污秽严酷度(SPS)等级 site pollution severity class
对现场污秽严酷度的分级，从很轻到很重，作为SPS(现场污秽严酷度)的函数。
注1：从很轻到很重定性地定义了5个污秽等级：a——很轻，b——轻，c——中等，d——重，e——很重。
注2：改写GB/T 26218.1—2010，定义3.1.13。
3.1.20
非保持的破坏性放电(NSDD) non-sustained disruptive discharge；NSDD
与电流开断有关的破坏性放电，它不会导致工频电流的恢复，或者在容性电流开断的情况下，不会导致在主负载回路中产生电流。
3.2 开关设备和控制设备的总装
3.2.1
试品 test object
代表开关设备和控制设备进行特定型式试验的设备。
3.3 总装的组成部分
3.3.1
运输单元 transport unit
不需拆开便可运输的开关设备和控制设备的一部分。
3.3.2
母线 busbar
汇流排
低阻抗导体，可以在其上分开的各点接入若干个电路。
注：在大多数情况下，母线由杆状导体构成。
[GB/T 2900.83—2008，定义151-12-30]
3.4 开关装置
没有具体的定义。
注：特定开关装置的定义可在GB/T 2900.20或具体的产品标准中找到。
3.5 开关设备和控制设备的部件
3.5.1
外壳 enclosure
提供适合于既定应用的保护类型和等级的外罩。
注1：外壳对人员或动物接近危险部件提供了防护。挡板、各种孔盖或任何其他方式(不论是附装在外壳上的还是由封闭设备构成的)，凡适用于防止或限制规定的试具进入的，都作为外壳的一部分。不论是通过联锁、钥匙还是通过硬件使它们处于安全位置时，都需要工具才能移开。
注2：改写GB/T 2900.71—2008，定义826-12-20。
3.5.2
危险部件 hazardous part
接近或接触时有危险的部件。
[GB/T 4208—2017，定义3.5]
3.5.3
触头(机械开关装置的) contact(of a mechanical switching device)
一种导电部件，接触时建立起电路的连续性；在操作期间，由于它们的相对运动使电路断开或闭合，或在转动或滑动接触的情况下保持电路的连续性。
注：改写GB/T 2900.20—2016，定义7.5。
3.5.4
辅助回路(开关装置的) auxiliary circuit(of a switching device)
包括在开关装置的主回路、接地回路和控制回路以外的回路中的开关装置的所有导电部件。
注1：某些辅助回路实现补充功能，例如信号、联锁等，以及它们可以成为另一台开关装置的控制回路。
注2：改写GB/T 2900.20—2016，定义7.4。
3.5.5
控制回路(开关装置的) control circuit(of a switching device)
包括在用来进行开关装置的合闸操作、分闸操作或者两者的回路中的开关装置的所有导电部件(不同于主回路的)。
注：改写GB/T 2900.20—2016，定义7.3。
3.5.6
辅助开关(机械开关装置的) auxiliary switch(of a mechanical switching device)
由开关装置的一对或多对控制和/或辅助触头组成的以机械方式操作的开关。
注：改写GB/T 2900.20—2016，定义7.11。
3.5.7
控制开关(用于控制和辅助回路) control switch(for control and auxiliary circuits)
用于控制开关设备和控制设备的机械开关装置，包括信号、电气联锁等。
注1：控制开关由共用一个执行装置的一对或多对触头元件组成。
注2：改写GB/T 2900.20—2016，定义6.44。
3.5.8
辅助触头 auxiliary contact
包含在开关装置的辅助回路中并由该开关装置操作的触头。
注：改写GB/T 2900.20—2016，定义7.10。
3.5.9
控制触头 control contact
包含在开关装置的控制回路中并由该开关装置操作的触头。
注：改写GB/T 2900.20—2016，定义7.9。
3.5.10
联结(用螺栓的或与其等效的) connection(bolted or the equivalent)
两个或多个导体用螺钉、螺栓或与其等效的方法连接在一起，以保证回路持久的连续性。
3.5.11
位置指示器 position indicating device
指示机械开关装置处于分闸、合闸或者接地(适用时)位置的机械开关装置的部件。
注：改写GB/T 2900.20—2016，定义7.39。
3.5.12
监测装置 monitoring device
用来自动监视设备状态的装置。
3.5.13
指示开关 pilot switch
在操动量的规定条件下执行的一种非人力控制开关。
注：操动量可以是压力、温度、速度、液位、历时等。
[GB/T 2900.20—2016，定义6.46]
3.5.14
隔板(总装的) partition(of an assembly)
把一个隔室和其他隔室分开的总装的部件。
[GB/T 2900.20—2016，定义5.7]
3.5.15
执行器 actuator
将外部的执行力施加到执行系统上的部件。
注：执行器可以是手柄、旋钮、按钮、磙子、活塞等形式。
[GB/T 2900.20—2016，定义7.36]
3.5.16
联接 splice
通过包容有或无附加保护的电气导体并能保证绝缘的连接装置。
注：改写GB/T 4210—2015，定义581-24-19。
3.5.17
端子 terminal
电气回路元件、电气回路或网络与其他电气回路元件、电气回路或网络的连接点。
注1：对于电气回路元件，端子是指在其上或其间确定相关集成量的点。在每一个端子处，仅有一路电流从外部流入元件。
注2：术语“端子”在GB/T 2900.83—2008中有相关的意义。
注3：改写GB/T 2900.74—2008，定义131-11-11。
3.5.18
端子排 terminal block
为满足多个导体内部连接并处于外壳或绝缘件内的端子的总装。
注：改写GB/T 4210—2015，定义581-26-26。
3.5.19
接触器 contactor
机械接触器 mechanical contactor
手动操作除外，只有一个起始位置，能关合、承载及开断正常回路条件下的电流以及在规定的过载条件下开断和关合的机械开关装置。
注1：接触器可以根据为主触头合闸提供力的方法进行分类。
注2：改写GB/T 2900.20—2016，定义6.31。
3.5.20
起动器 starter
起动和停止电动机并同适当过载保护元件组合在一起能满足所需的所有开合方式的组合体。
注1：起动器可以根据为主触头合闸提供力的方法进行分类。
注2：改写GB/T 2900.20—2016，定义6.36。
3.5.21
真空灭弧室 vacuum interrupter。
开合元件，其中的高压电气触头在高真空的、气密密封的环境中动作。
3.5.22
动作计数器 operation counter
指示机械开关装置完成的操作循环次数的装置。
3.5.23
线圈 coil
一组串联连接的环形回路，通常是同轴的。
注：改写GB/T 2900.83—2008，定义151-13-15。
3.5.24
辅助和控制回路 auxiliary and control circuits
——安装在或邻近于开关设备和控制设备，包括中央控制柜中的回路；
——监控、诊断等用的设备，它作为开关设备和控制设备的辅助回路的一部分；
——和互感器的二次端子连接的回路，它作为开关设备和控制设备总体的一部分。
3.5.25
(辅助和控制回路的)分装 subassembly(of auxiliary and control circuits)
辅助和控制回路的一部分，在其功能和位置方面，分装通常置于独立的外壳内并具有自己的接口。
3.5.26
(辅助和控制回路的)可互换的分装 interchangeable subassembly(of an auxiliary and control circuits)
打算安装在辅助和控制回路的各种位置或者可以被其他类似分装代替的分装。
注：可互换的分装具有可触及的界面。
3.5.27
联锁装置 interlocking device
在几个开关装置或部件之间，为保证开关装置或其部件按规定的次序动作或防止误动作而设的装置。
[GB/T 2900.20—2016，定义7.31]
3.6 开关设备和控制设备的操作特性
3.6.1
动力操作(机械开关装置的) dependent power operation(of a mechanical switching device)
通过不同于人力的能量方式的操作，其操作的完成取决于能量供应(如给线圈、电动机或液压电动机等的能量供应)的连续性。
注：改写GB/T 2900.20—2016，定义8.14。
3.6.2
储能操作(机械开关装置的) stored energy operation(of a mechanical switching device)
通过操作前储存在操作机构本身的，且在预定的条件下足以完成操作的能量来进行的操作。
注1：这类操作可按下述分类：
——能量储存方式(弹簧，重锤等)；
——能量源(人力，电气的等)；
——能量释放方式(人力，电气的等)。
注2：改写GB/T 2900.20—2016，定义8.15。
3.6.3
不依赖于非扣锁的操作 independent unlatched operation
在一次连续的操作中，能量的储存和释放使得操作力和速度与能量施加的速率无关的储能操作。
注：操作用的储存的能量可以源自操作者(人力)或电源。
3.6.4
正向驱动操作 positively driven operation
根据规定的要求，设计保证机械开关装置的辅助触头处于和主触头的分闸或合闸位置对应的位置的操作。
注1：正向驱动操作装置由相关的运动部件与一次回路的主触头机械连接组成，不使用弹簧和敏感元件。在机械辅助触头的情况下，敏感元件可以简化，静触头直接和二次端子连接。在该功能是通过电子方式实现的场合，敏感元件可以是与静态开关、电子元件或光电传感元件相关联的静态传感器(光的、磁的等)。
注2：改写GB/T 2900.20—2016，定义8.12。
3.6.5 关于压力(或密度)的术语和定义
3.6.5.1
绝缘和/或开合用的额定充入压力pre(或密度ρre) rated filling pressure pre(or density ρre)for in-sulation and/or switching
在投运前或自动补压前充入总装的绝缘和/或开合用的压力(或密度)，用帕(Pa)表示，并折算到20℃、101.3 kPa的标准大气条件下，可以用相对压力或绝对压力表示。
3.6.5.2
操作用的额定充入压力prm(或密度ρrm) rated filling pressure prm(or denisity ρrm)for operation
在投运前或自动补压前充入储能装置的压力(或密度)，用帕(Pa)表示，并折算到20℃、101.3 kPa的标准大气条件下，可以用相对压力或绝对压力表示。
3.6.5.3
绝缘和/或开合用的报警压力pae(或密度ρae) alarm pressure pae(or denisity ρae)for insulation and/or switching
用于绝缘和/或开合的压力(或密度)，在该压力(或密度)下可以给出监视信号，用帕(Pa)表示，并折算到20℃、101.3 kPa的标准大气条件下，可以用相对压力或绝对压力表示。
3.6.5.4
操作用的报警压力pam(或密度ρam) alarm pressure pam(or denisity ρam)for operation
用于操作的压力(或密度)，在该压力(或密度)下可以给出来自储能装置的监视信号，用帕(Pa)表示，并折算到20℃、101.3 kPa的标准大气条件下，可以用相对压力或绝对压力表示。
3.6.5.5
绝缘和/或开合用的最低功能压力pme(或密度ρme) minimum functional pressure pme(or denisityρme)for insulation and/or switching
用于绝缘和/或开合的压力(或密度)，大于或等于此压力(或密度)时开关设备和控制设备保持其额定特性，用帕(Pa)表示，并折算到20℃、101.3 kPa的标准大气条件下，可以用相对压力或绝对压力表示。
3.6.5.6
操作用的最低功能压力pmm(或密度ρmm) minimum functional pressure pmm(or denisity ρmm)for operation
用于操作的压力(或密度)，大于或等于此压力(或密度)时开关设备和控制设备保持其额定特性，在此压力时储能装置必须补压，用帕(Pa)表示，并折算到20℃、101.3 kPa的标准大气条件下，可以用相对压力或绝对压力表示。
注：此压力通常称作闭锁压力。
3.6.6 关于气体和真空密封的术语和定义
3.6.6.1
气体的可控压力系统 controlled pressure system for gas
自动从外部压缩气源或内部气源补气的空间。
注1：可控压力系统的实例有气吹断路器或气动操动机构。
注2：空间可以由几个永久连接的充气隔室组成。
3.6.6.2
气体的封闭压力系统 closed pressure system for gas
需要时，通过人工连接到外部气源进行补气的空间。
注：封闭压力系统的实例是单压式SF6断路器。
3.6.6.3
密封压力系统 sealed pressure system
在预定的使用寿命期内不需要对气体或真空作进一步处理的空间。
注1：密封压力系统的实例是真空灭弧室或某些SF6断路器的灭弧室。
注2：密封压力系统的组装和试验全部在工厂进行。
注3：预期的使用寿命从设备密封时开始。
3.6.6.4
绝对漏气率 absolute leakage rate
F
单位时间内气体的泄漏总量。
注：绝对漏气率通常用Pa·m3/s表示。
3.6.6.5
允许漏气率 permissible leakage rate
Fp
对部件、元件或分装规定的最大允许绝对漏气率，或是使用密封配合图对连在一个压力系统上的部件、元件或分装规定的最大允许绝对漏气率。
3.6.6.6
相对漏气率 relative leakage rate
Frel
在充有额定充入压力(或密度)的系统中，相对于气体总量的绝对漏气率。
注：相对漏气率以每年或每天的百分率表示。
3.6.6.7
补气时间间隔 time between replenishments
tr
为补偿绝对漏气率F，当压力(或密度)降至报警值时，人工进行的两次补气间的时间间隔。
注：该值适用于气体的封闭压力系统。
3.6.6.8
每天补气次数 number of replenishments per day
N
连续24 h的周期内，为补偿绝对漏气率F的补气次数。该值适用于气体的可控压力系统。
3.6.6.9
压力降 pressure drop
△p
在不补气的条件下，在给定的时间内由绝对漏气率F引起的压力降低。
3.6.6.10
密封配合图 tightness coordination chart
由制造厂提供的并在对部件、元件或分装进行试验时使用的检测资料，它说明整个系统的密封性和各个部件、元件和/或分装的密封性之间的关系。
3.6.6.11
探漏 sniffing
围绕总装缓慢移动检漏仪的探头，或使用其他成像仪器来确定漏气点位置的行为。
3.6.6.12
累积泄漏量的测量 cumulative leakage measurement
计及给定总装的所有漏气以确定漏气率的测量。
3.6.7 关于液体密封的术语和定义
3.6.7.1
绝对泄漏率 absolute leakage rate
Fliq
单位时间内液体的泄漏量。
注：绝对泄漏率通常以cm3/s表示。
3.6.7.2
允许泄漏率 permissible leakage rate
Fp(liq)
制造厂对液体压力系统规定的最大允许绝对泄漏率。
3.6.7.3
每天补液次数 number of replenishments per day
Nliq
连续24 h的周期内，为补偿绝对泄漏率Fliq的补液次数。
3.6.7.4
压力降 pressure drop
△Pliq
在不补液的条件下，在给定时间内由绝对泄漏率Fliq引起的压力降低。
3.7 特性参量
3.7.1
隔离断口(机械开关装置一极的) isolating distance(of a pole of a mechanical switching device)
机械开关装置在分闸位置时触头间的电气间隙，此间隙满足为隔离开关规定的耐受电压要求。
注：改写GB/T 2900.20—2016，定义9.32。
3.7.2
额定值 rated value
用于技术规范的量值，确定了元件、装置、设备或系统的一组规定的运行条件。
注：改写GB/T 2900.83—2008，定义151-16-08。
3.7.3
设备的最高电压 highest voltage for equipment
Um
设备设计的极间电压(有效值)的最大值，在相关的产品标准中设备在绝缘和其他特性方面与该电压相关。
注1：在相关的电器委员会规定的正常使用条件下，该电压可以持续地施加到设备上。
注2：改写2900.57—2008，定义604-03-01。
3.7.4
供电电压(辅助和控制回路的) supply voltage(of auxiliary and control circuits)
在给定时间间隔内测量的供电点的交流电压有效值或在给定时刻的直流电压值。
注1：如果供电电压是合同中规定的，则称为“声称的供电电压”。
注2：辅助和控制回路的供电电压是电器操作期间在其回路端子上测量的，如果必要，包括制造厂要求的与其串联安装的辅助电阻和附件，但不包括与电源连接的导体。
注3.改写IEC 60050-614：2016，定义614-01-03。
3.7.5
热时间常数 thermal time constant
开关设备在绝热条件下温升达到稳定温升所需的时间。
4 正常和特殊使用条件
4.1 正常使用条件
4.1.1 概述
除非另有规定，高压交流开关设备和控制设备及与其成为一体的操动机构和辅助设备，规定在其额定特性和4.1中列出的正常使用条件下使用。
认为正常使用条件下的运行已被符合本标准和相关的产品标准的型式试验所涵盖。
4.1.2 户内开关设备和控制设备
户内开关设备和控制设备的正常使用条件为：
a) 周围空气温度不超过40℃，且在24 h内测得的平均值不超过35℃。周围空气温度不低于－5℃：
b) 阳光辐射的影响可以忽略；
c) 海拔高度不超过1 000 m；
d) 周围空气没有明显地受到尘埃、烟、腐蚀性和/或可燃性气体、蒸汽或盐雾的污染，污秽等级不超过GB/T 26218.1—2010中规定的现场污秽严酷度(SPS)等级中的“a”；
e) 湿度条件如下：
——在24 h内测得的相对湿度的平均值不超过95％；
——在24 h内测得的水蒸气压力的平均值不超过2.2 kPa；
——月相对湿度平均值不超过90％；
——月水蒸气压力平均值不超过1.8 kPa；
注1：在高湿度期间温度急骤变化时可能出现凝露。
注2：高湿度也可能由地面的雨水或者地下应用(与开关设备连接的电缆进线通道)带入的潮气引起。
f) 来自开关设备和控制设备外部的振动或地动不超过开关设备自身操作引起的振动的冲击。
4.1.3 户外开关设备和控制设备
户外开关设备和控制设备的正常使用条件为：
a) 周围空气温度不超过40℃，且在24 h内测得的温度平均值不超过35℃，周围空气温度不低于－25℃；
注1：可能出现温度的急剧变化，例如，热的晴天紧接着的突然降雨。
b) 阳光辐射不超过1 000 W/m2；
注2：阳光辐射的详细资料参见GB/T 4797.4。
c) 海拔高度不超过1 000 m；
d) 周围空气可能受到尘埃、烟、腐蚀性气体、蒸汽或盐雾的污染，污秽等级不超过GB/T 26218.1—2010中确定的现场污秽严酷度(SPS)等级中的“c”；
e) 覆冰厚度不超过20 mm；
f) 风速不超过34 m/s；
注3：风的特性参见GB/T 4797.5。
g) 可能超过4.1.2e)中给出的平均湿度，可能出现凝露和降水；
注4：降水的特性参见GB/T 4797.5。
注5：湿度条件通常是相对湿度和其他环境参数组合的影响，如初始温度和温度的快速变化。
h) 来自开关设备和控制设备外部的振动或地动不超过开关设备自身操作引起的振动的冲击。
4.2 特殊使用条件
4.2.1 概述
高压交流开关设备和控制设备可以在不同于4.1中规定的正常使用条件下使用，此时，如果产品标准中没有给出使用条件，用户的要求宜参照下述4.2.2～4.2.7的要求。
注1：也可以采取适当的措施以保证其他元件如继电器在此类条件下正确运行。
注2：关于环境条件分类的详细信息，GB/T 4798.3和GB/T 4798.4中分别给出户内和户外条件。
4.2.2 海拔
对于安装在海拔高于1 000 m处的设备，外绝缘在使用地点的绝缘耐受水平应按照GB/T 311.1—2012的附录B确定，开关设备和控制设备的额定绝缘水平应等于或高于该数值。见IEC TR 62271-306。
注1：在任一海拔处，内绝缘的绝缘特性是相同的，不需要采取特别的措施。
注2：对于低压辅助设备和控制设备，如果海拔低于2 000 m，不需要采取特别的措施。对于更高的海拔，参见GB/T 16935.1。
4.2.3 污秽
对于户外应用，周围空气可能受到尘埃、烟、腐蚀性气体、蒸汽或盐雾的污染。污秽等级超过GB/T 26218.1—2010确定的现场污秽严酷度(SPS)等级中的“c”，应按GB/T 26218.1—2010确定的划分为“d”或“e”。
对于户内应用，周围空气可能受到尘埃、烟、腐蚀性气体、蒸汽或盐雾的污染。污秽等级超过GB/T 26218.1—2010确定的现场污秽严酷度(SPS)等级中的“a”，应按GB/T 26218.1—2010确定的划分为“b”“c”“d”或“e”。
注：关于暴露在污秽中的更多信息可在附录A中找到。
对于40.5 kV及以下的户内应用，涉及开关设备绝缘的污秽问题，可以参考GB/T 3906—2020。
4.2.4 温度和湿度
对于安装在周围空气温度可能不同于4.1中规定的正常使用条件范围处的设备，最低和最高温度
的范围规定为：
a) 对于严寒气候，－50℃到40℃；
b) 对于非常寒冷气候，－40℃到40℃；
c) 对于寒冷气候，－30℃到40℃；
d) 对于寒冷气候(户内条件)，－25℃到40℃；
e) 对于温和气候(户内条件)，－15℃到40℃；
f) 对酷热气候，－5℃到55℃。
在湿热带户内条件下，在24 h内测得的相对湿度的平均值可以达到98％。
注：在暖湿风频繁出现的某些地区，可能出现温度和/或大气压力的骤变。
4.2.5 暴露在异常的振动、撞击或摇摆条件下
常规的开关设备和控制设备设计安装在稳定的水平构架上，免受过度的振动、撞击和摇摆。如果上述要求不能满足，用户应规定特定应用的要求。
在可能出现地震的地区，用户应按相关的标准或规范(例如，GB/T 13540)来规定设备的抗震等级。在存在地震风险的情况下，用户应规定运行要求和允许的损坏水平。
应确定设施面临其他异常的振动形式，如非常靠近矿井爆破的设施或者移动应用。
注：关于地震评估的其他相关出版物有IEEE 693和IEEE C37.81。
4.2.6 风速
如果预期风速超过34 m/s，用户应规定具体应用要求。
4.2.7 其他参数
设备在特殊的环境条件下使用时，用户应按照GB/T 4796.1、GB/T 4797(所有部分)和GB/T 4798(所有部分)来规定这些环境参数。
5 额定值
5.1 概述
制造厂规定的开关设备和控制设备及其操动机构和辅助设备的通用额定值应从下列各项中选取(适用的)：
a) 额定电压(Ur)；
b) 额定绝缘水平(Ud、Up和Us，适用时)；
c) 额定频率(fr)；
d) 额定连续电流(Ir)；
e) 额定短时耐受电流(Ik)；
f) 额定峰值耐受电流(Ip)；
g) 额定短路持续时间(tk)；
h) 辅助和控制回路的额定供电电压(Ua)；
i) 辅助和控制回路供电电压的额定频率；
j) 可控压力系统的压缩气源的额定压力；
k) 绝缘和/或开合用的额定充入压力/水平。
注：可能需要其他额定值，它们将在相关的产品标准中规定。
额定值决定了开关设备和控制设备共用技术要求，这些要求是在特定电网中选择和使用所必需的。开关设备和控制设备的其他重要特性在第3章中定义，例如，绝缘用的最低功能压力，其中一些可能包含在铭牌中而不是额定值。还有一些关于安装、运行和维护的特性，由于它们与开关设备和控制设备所使用的技术有关，不认为是额定值。例如：液体、气体和真空系统的密封性等。
5.2 额定电压(Ur)
5.2.1 概述
本标准使用的额定电压(Ur)为极间电压有效值，等于设备所在系统的最高电压。它表示设备用于的电网的“系统最高电压”的最大值(见3.7.3，设备的最高电压Um)。额定电压的标准值在下面的5.2.2和5.2.3中给出。
注：在一些开关设备标准中使用的术语“设备的最高电压”和本标准中使用的术语“额定电压”具有相同的意义。
5.2.2 范围Ⅰ——额定电压252 kV及以下
3.6 kV，7.2 kV，12 kV，15 kV，18 kV，24 kV，27 kV，30 kV，31.5 kV，33 kV，38 kV，40.5 kV，63 kV，72.5 kV，126 kV，252 kV。
5.2.3 范围Ⅱ——额定电压252 kV以上
363 kV，550 kV，800 kV，1100 kV。
5.3 额定绝缘水平(Ud、Up、和Us)
开关设备和控制设备额定电压范围Ⅰ、范围Ⅱ的额定绝缘水平应分别从表1～表4给定的数值中选取。
表1～表4给定的耐受电压涵盖了在4.1规定的正常使用条件下包括海拔从海平面到1 000 m时开关设备和控制设备的应用。但是，为了试验验证额定值或能力，认为它们是GB/T 311.1—2012中规定的标准参考大气温度(20℃)、压力(101.3 kPa)和绝对湿度(11 g/m3)下的绝缘水平。对于特殊使用条件，参见IEC TR 62271-306。
注：根据GB/T 311.1—2012，表1～表4中绝缘水平涵盖的温度范围为－40℃到40℃。
额定短时工频耐受电压(Ud)、额定雷电冲击耐受电压(Up)和额定操作冲击耐受电压(Us)(适用时)应在表1～表4中的水平标志线的同一行中选取。
若在本标准中无其他规定，表1、表2中的“通用值”适用于极对地、极间和开关断口。“隔离断口”的耐受电压值仅对某些开关装置适用，这些开关装置的触头开距是按满足为隔离开关规定的绝缘要求设计的。
表1 额定电压范围Ⅰ——通用开关设备的额定绝缘水平
额定电压
Ur
kV(有效值) 额定短时工频耐受电压
Ud
kV(有效值) 额定雷电冲击耐受电压
Up
kV(峰值)
通用值 隔离断口 通用值 隔离断口
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

注1：带*为接地系统中使用的数据。
注2：出厂试验的极对地、极间及开关断口间采用上表的通用值。
注3：栏(3)中，括号中的数值为 ；栏(5)中，括号中的数值为施加于对侧端子上的工频电压峰值 (联合电压)。

表2 额定电压范围Ⅰ——交流发电机系统开关设备的额定绝缘水平
额定电压
Ur
kV(有效值) 额定短时工频耐受电压
Ud
kV(有效值) 额定雷电冲击耐受电压
Up
kV(峰值)
通用值 隔离断口 通用值 隔离断口
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

表3 额定电压范围Ⅰ——电气化铁道供配电系统开关设备的额定绝缘水平
额定电压
Ur
kV(有效值) 额定短时工频耐受电压
Ud
kV(有效值) 额定雷电冲击耐受电压
Up
kV(峰值)
通用值 隔离断口 极间 通用值 隔离断口 极间
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
31.5 95 110 / 200 220 /
2×31.5 95 110 140 200 220 325
注：极对地及形状断口间采用上表的通用值。
表4 额定电压范围Ⅱ的额定绝缘水平
额定电压
Ur
kV(有效值) 额定短时工频耐受电压
Ud
kV(有效值) 额定操作冲击耐受电压
Us
kV(峰值) 额定雷电冲击耐受电压
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kV(峰值)
极对地和极间(注2) 开关断口和/隔离断口(注1和注2) 极对地和开关断口 极间(注2和注3) 隔离断口(注1和注2) 极对地和极间 开关断口和/或隔离断口(注1和注2)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

注1：栏(3)中，括号中的数值为 。
栏(6)中，括号中的数值为施加于对侧端子上的工频电压峰值 (联合电压)。
栏(8)中，括号中的数值为施加于对侧端子上的工频电压峰值 (联合电压)。
注2：栏(2)中的数值适用于：
对于型式试验，极对地和极间;
对于出厂试验，极对地、极间和开关装置断口间。
栏(3)、栏(4)、栏(5)、栏(6)、栏(7)和栏(8)中的数值仅适用于型式试验。
注3：这些数值是采用GB/T 311.1—2012中表3给出的乘数导出的。
5.4 额定频率(fr)
额定频率的优选值为16.7 Hz，25 Hz，50 Hz。
5.5 额定连续电流(Ir)
开关设备和控制设备的额定连续电流是在其使用条件(见第4章)下，开关设备和控制设备能够持续承载的电流的有效值。
额定连续电流的数值应从GB/T 762规定的R10系列中选取。
注1：R10系列包括数字1，1.25，1.6，2，2.5，3.1 5，d，5，6.3，8及其与10n的乘积。
注2：额定连续电流与7.5中的连续电流试验相关，与之前版本使用的额定电流等效。
5.6 额定短时耐受电流(Ik)
在开关设备和控制设备的使用条件(见第4章)下，在额定短路持续时间(见5.8)内，该额定值规定了开关设备和控制设备在合闸位置能够承载的短路电流的有效值。
额定短时耐受电流的数值应从GB/T 762中规定的R10系列中选取。
注：R10系列包括数字1，1.25，1.6，2，2.5，3.15，4，5，6.3，8及其与10n的乘积。