标准编号:	GB 40160-2021
中文名称:	升降工作平台安全规则
英文名称:	Safety rules for elevating work platforms
中标分类:	J80    起重机械
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	53.020.99 53.020.99    其他起重设备 53.020.99
发布机构:	国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2021-04-30
实施日期:	2022-5-1
标准状态:	现行
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	27000 字
翻译价格(元):	1500.00 元
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.



This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.



This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.





Safety rules for elevating work platforms



1 Scope



This standard specifies the safety technical requirements that shall be observed in the design, manufacture, installation, use and maintenance of elevating work platforms.



This standard is applicable to the following elevating work platforms:



——supported elevating work platform;



——mast-climbing work platform;



——suspended elevating work platform;



——special form work platform.



This standard is not applicable to construction hoists.



2 Normative references



The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies



GB/T 3098.1 Mechanical properties of fasteners - Bolts, screws and studs

GB/T 3098.2 Mechanical properties of fasteners - Nuts

GB/T 3480.5 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears - Part 5: Strength and quality of materials

GB/T 3811 Design rules for cranes

GB/T 4208 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)

GB/T 5226.32 Electrical safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 32: Requirements for hoisting machines

GB 7258 Technical specifications for safety of power-driven vehicles operating on roads

GB/T 7932 Pneumatic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components

GB/T 17888.3 Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery - Part 3: Stairs, stepladders and guard-rails

GB/T 17888.4 Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery - Part 4: Fixed ladders

GB/T 19154-2017 Building maintenance unit

GB/T 19155-2017 Temporarily installed suspended access equipment

GB 24543 Personal fall protection equipment - Lanyar

GB/T 25849-2010 Mobile elevating work platforms - Design calculations, safety requirements and test methods

GB/T 27547-2011 Elevating work platforms - Mast-climbing work platforms

GB 50661 Code for welding of steel structures

JB/T 11169-2011 Stationary elevating work platforms

JB/T 12786 Elevating work platforms - Definition of terms and classification

JGJ 82 Technical specification for high strength bolt connections of steel structures

ISO 6336-1 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears - Part 1: Basic principles, introduction and general influence factors

ISO 6336-2 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears - Part 2: Calculation of surface durability (pittings)

ISO 6336-3 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears - Part 3: Calculation of tooth bending strength



3 Terms and definitions



For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 25849-2010, GB/T 27547-2011, GB/T 19154-2017, GB/T 19155-2017, JB/T 11169-2011, JB/T 12786 and the following apply.



3.1

custodian

entity or individual that directly controls the use and application of the elevating work platform



Note: It usually refers to the owner, leaseholder or owner trustee who has obtained control rights.



3.2

operator

person who has received relevant training and obtained qualified knowledge and practical experience to operate the elevating work platform



3.3

qualified person

competent person

trained and experienced person with recognized academic qualification, certificate, professional identity, or relevant professional knowledge, who can effectively prove his/her capability of solving problems encountered in related matters, works or projects



3.4

safety-related bulletin

safety information related to elevating work platform issued by the manufacturer



4 Complete machine



4.1 Unless otherwise stated, the elevating work platform shall be able to work normally under the following conditions:



a) altitude: not exceed 1,000m;



b) ambient relative humidity: ≤90% (+25℃).



c) the suspended elevating work platform shall be able to work normally under the following conditions:



 ambient temperature: -10~+55℃;



 working wind speed: ≤8.3m/s;



 power supply voltage fluctuation: not exceeding ±5% of the rated voltage.



Other elevating work platforms shall be able to work normally under the following conditions:



 ambient temperature: -20~+40℃;



 wind speed: ≤12.5m/s;



 power supply voltage fluctuation: not exceeding ±10% of the rated voltage.



Note: Any special requirement shall be solved by the manufacturer and the user through negotiation.



4.2 The manufacturer shall ensure that the strength, stiffness and stability of the elevating work platform meet the requirements of relevant standards, and the platform shall be used safely under various permitted working conditions.



4.3 The manufacturer shall give the maximum force of elevating work platform on the ground or foundation under various working conditions in the instruction manual, and the user shall ensure its safety before use.



4.4 Solid tyres or other non-pneumatic tyres should be used for the self-propelled elevating work platform. If pneumatic tyres are used, anti-explosion and rollover protection measures shall be taken.



4.5 The lighting and signal devices, braking performance and engine emission of the mobile elevating work platform of road driving type shall comply with GB 7258.



4.6 The stationary elevating work platform shall meet the following requirements:



a) when the rated load exceeds 500kg, the lifting guide device shall be installed;



b) the distance between the base plate edge of embedded parts and the edge of foundation for stationary foundation shall not be less than 50mm.



4.7 The noise of elevating work platform shall meet the following requirements:



a) when the suspended elevating work platform works under rated load, the noise value at 1m away from the noise source shall not be greater than 79dB(A);



b) for elevating work platforms other than suspended elevating work platform, the ear-side noise of internal combustion engine drive shall not exceed 86dB(A), and that of electric dive shall not exceed 80dB(A).



4.8 The insulated elevating work platform and explosion-proof elevating work platform shall comply with relevant standards.



4.9 The clearance between the suspension rig of building maintenance unit and surrounding buildings shall not be less than 0.6m. If such clearance requirement cannot be met, other safety measures shall be taken, and the manufacturer shall inform the user of its dangerous information to prevent crushing injury to person.



5 Structure



5.1 General provisions



For the design of metal structure of the elevating work platform, the structure shall meet the requirements of strength (including fatigue strength), stability, stiffness and safety-related requirements of the structural parts during transportation, installation, use and test.



5.2 Welding



The welding of steel structure shall meet the requirements of GB 50661, and the welding procedure qualification shall be conducted for key welds.



5.3 Bolted connections



5.3.1 High-strength bolts shall be adopted as connecting bolts of the main stressed members, and the mechanical properties of the fasteners of the high-strength bolt connection pair shall meet the requirements of GB/T 3098.1 and GB/T 3098.2, and shall be provided with performance grade marks and certificates.



5.3.2 The design, construction and acceptance of high-strength bolt connection of main stressed members shall meet the requirements of JGJ 82.



5.4 Stairs, stepladders, guardrails and straight ladders



5.4.1 Stairs, stepladders and guardrails shall meet the requirements of GB/T 17888.3.



5.4.2 Straight ladders shall meet the requirements of GB/T 17888.4.



5.5 Maintenance platform, work platform, walkway and skirting board



5.5.1 Maintenance platforms, walkways, skirting boards and guardrails for self-maintenance shall be arranged at the operation and maintenance places more than 2m above the ground, and shall meet the following requirements:



a) The maintenance platform and walkway shall be made of metal materials, and the base plate thereof shall have drainage and slip resistance. When using round holes, grids or other materials that cannot form a continuous plane, the size of holes or gaps shall not allow balls with a diameter of 15mm to pass through; in any case, the area of holes or gaps shall be less than 400mm2.



b) The width of maintenance platform and walkway shall be not less than 500mm, and the local obstruction may be reduced to 400mm. Every part where the operator may stay on the maintenance platform and walkway shall not be permanently deformed and shall be able to bear the following loads:



 2,000N load is vertically applied to any position on the surface of the maintenance platform through a disk with a diameter of 125mm;



 Uniformly distributed load of 4,500N/m2.



5.5.2 Skirting boards not less than 150mm in height shall be arranged at the edge of the work platform or walkway. In places where operators need to cross through, the height of skirting board may be reduced to 100mm.



5.5.3 The height of guardrail shall comply with the relevant product standards of the elevating work platform, and the middle cross bar shall be arranged within 500mm away from the upper rail of the guardrail and the skirting board. For special workplaces where the height of guardrails needs to be lowered, the safety requirements of guardrails in relevant standards shall be met.



5.5.4 Chains or ropes shall not be used as guardrails or entrance doors.



5.5.5 The entrance door shall not be folded or opened outward, but shall be automatically closed or interlocked by electric control to prevent the work platform from operation when the entrance door is open.



5.5.6 The trap door on the base plate of the work platform shall be firmly installed on the work platform, locked reliably and shall not open downward or slide sideways.



5.6 Discarding of structural parts



5.6.1 The main structural parts, if cannot meet the safe use requirements due to corrosion, wear and other causes, shall be repaired or strengthened, otherwise be discarded.



5.6.2 The main stressed members, if permanently deformed and cannot be repaired, shall be discarded.



5.6.3 The main stressed members after overall instability shall be discarded other than repaired.



5.6.4 When cracks appear in structural parts and welds, the causes shall be analyzed, and strengthening measures shall be taken according to the stress and crack conditions. They shall be continued to use only when meeting the original design requirements, otherwise they shall be discarded.



6 Mechanisms, parts and components



6.1 General requirements



6.1.1 During the design, the mechanisms, parts and components shall meet the strength (including fatigue strength), stability, wear resistance and other safety requirements during transportation, installation, use and test.



6.1.2 All mechanisms shall ensure that the elevating work platform moves smoothly and accurately when lifting, lowering, turning, luffing, stretching and traveling, without jamming, crawling, vibration, impact and abnormal increase of driving power.



6.1.3 The solid joint strength at the end of wire rope shall be able to withstand at least 80% of the minimum breaking force of the wire rope.



6.1.4 The end of wire rope shall be fixed by braided joint, aluminum alloy pressed joint, steel pressed joint and wedge joint. The end of the load-bearing wire rope shall not be fixed by U-bolt rope clamp.



6.2 Mechanisms, parts and components for supported elevating work platform



6.2.1 Chassis, traveling system and stabilizer



6.2.1.1 The chassis, traveling system and stabilizer of mobile elevating work platform shall meet the requirements of GB/T 25849-2010, 5.3.



6.2.1.2 The traveling mechanism of mobile elevating work platform shall be able to move under traction after cutting off the power.



6.2.1.3 Self-propelled elevating work platform shall be equipped with service brake and parking brake system.



6.2.1.4 Shift and steering operation of the traveling system shall be flexible.



6.2.1.5 The brake of parking brake system shall be equipped with a device that can keep the braking state after braking.



6.2.1.6 When the elevating work platform is equipped with outriggers, the vertical outriggers and horizontal outriggers shall be able to operate independently. When operating the outrigger, the operator shall be able to see its moving direction clearly.



6.2.2 Extending structure



6.2.2.1 The extending structure shall meet the requirements of GB/T 25849-2010, 5.4.



6.2.2.2 The dive system of extending structure shall meet the requirements of GB/T 25849-2010, 5.5.



6.2.2.3 If two or more support devices are used in the extending structure of the work platform, the support devices shall be synchronized during the lifting and lowering process.



6.2.2.4 The vertical lifting and lowering extending structure shall be of two or multi-layer structure, which shall be lifted from the lower layer to the upper layer, and lowered from the upper layer to the lower layer.



6.2.2.5 The bottom diameter of the plate chain sheave used in the extending structure shall not be less than 5 times the pitch of the plate chain.



6.2.2.6 The auxiliary lowering device shall be arranged, which shall function when the main power fails.



6.2.3 Work platform



6.2.3.1 The levelness change between the work platform and the horizontal plane, chassis plane or any rotatable plane shall not be greater than 5° when the extending structure is extended or due to the load and force during operation.



6.2.3.2 The work platform shall be made of flame retardant materials, that is, materials that will not continue to burn after the fire source is removed.



6.2.3.3 Mechanical limit shall be set for the movement of work platform relative to extension.



6.2.3.4 Safety belt hanging points shall be set for other types of elevating work platforms other than scissor or mast elevating work platforms.



6.3 Mechanisms, parts and components for mast-climbing work platform



6.3.1 Lifting drive system



6.3.1.1 The rated speed of work platform when lifting and lowering shall not be greater than 0.2m/s.



6.3.1.2 Measures shall be taken to prevent the uppermost guide pulley or shoe from slipping out of the top of the guide during normal operation. Further measures shall be taken to ensure that the guide pulley of the safety device will not disengage from the rack under any circumstances (including installation and disassembly); other mechanical safety devices shall also ensure that the work platform will not slide down accidentally.



6.3.1.3 The rack and pinion drive system shall meet the following requirements:



a) Under any load condition, measures shall be taken to make the rack engage with the drive pinion and safety pinion normally. This measure shall not depend on the guide pulley of elevating work platform. The device used shall be able to limit the axial movement of the pinion and ensure that at least 2/3 of the gear width is engaged with the rack.



b) In case of failure, local bending or mast deflection of the counter-roller or other engaged control parts, the deviation distance of the pinion shall not exceed 1/3 of the gear height during normal engaging.



c) The pinion shall not be used as a guide pulley. When the guide pulley or guide shoe fails, measures shall be taken to keep the work platform stable.



d) The pinion installation position of safety device shall be lower than any drive pinion.



e) The strength design of drive pinion shall meet the requirements of ISO 6336-1, ISO 6336-2, ISO 6336-3 and GB/T 3480.5. Considering the actual stress of each pinion under the total static load, the safety coefficient of pinion tooth strength shall not be less than 1.5.



f) The rack shall be made of materials matching the wear resistance of drive pinion, and the strength of pinion tooth shall be designed according to the requirements of ISO 6336-1, ISO 6336-2, ISO 6336-3 and GB/T 3480.5. The strength of teeth is calculated according to actual stress, and the minimum safety coefficient is 1.5.



g) The modulus of pinion and rack shall not be less than:



 Modulus 4: If the counter-roller or other engaging control parts of the drive system directly act on the rack without contacting other parts of the mast;



 Modulus 6: If the counter-roller or other engaging control parts of the drive system act through another mast component that is in direct contact with the rack.



6.3.1.4 The ratchet drive system shall meet the following requirements:



a) the maximum rated speed of the work platform during lifting and lowering shall not be greater than 0.06m/s;



b) the design fatigue safety coefficient of ratchet drive mechanism elements shall not be less than 1.5, and the design number of fatigue load cycles of power elements shall not be less than 106 times;



c) the safety coefficient of the elements supporting the safety device on the mast under the most dangerous working condition shall not be less than 2.5;



d) measures shall be taken to ensure that the drive system and safety devices are correctly engaged with the crosspiece or other elements on the mast, but they shall not be realized by the guide pulley on the elevating work platform;



e) the drive mechanism shall not be used as a guide pulley.



6.3.1.5 The screw drive system shall meet the following requirements:



a) the design fatigue safety coefficient of screw drive element shall not be less than 1.5, the design number of fatigue load cycles of toothed engaging parts shall not be less than 104 times, and the design number of fatigue load cycles of drive mechanism power elements shall not be less than 108 times;



b) it shall be ensured that the screw drive element and the toothed engaging parts do not deviate from the correct engaging position by 1/3 under any circumstances, even in such cases as counter-roller failure, local bending deformation and mast deflection;



c) the installation position of safety device shall be lower than the drive system.



6.3.1.6 The dive system shall meet the requirements of GB/T 27547-2011, 5.4.5.



6.3.2 Work platform



6.3.2.1 When bearing rated load and other forces during normal running and operation, the elevating work platform shall be kept horizontal with a tolerance of ±2°; under any other working conditions, the maximum tolerance between the work platform and the horizontal direction is ±5°.



6.3.2.2 The height difference between platform extension and main platform base plate shall not be greater than 0.5m.



6.3.2.3 If the elevating work platform is installed along the wall and the distance between the platform and the wall is greater than 0.3m but not greater than 0.5m, guardrails with a height of not less than 0.7m shall be installed (skirting board other than middle cross bar shall be available); if the distance is greater than 0.5m, guardrails with a height of not less than 1.1m shall be installed; if the distance is not greater than 0.3m, no guardrails are needed.



6.3.2.4 A protective device for preventing persons from touching the mast shall be installed, and the installation height shall not be lower than 2m.



6.3.2.5 The multilevel platform shall meet the following requirements:



a) The additional platform, if installed above or below the main platform, shall meet the following requirements:



● the distance between the base plates of two work platforms shall not be greater than 3m;



● a stationary entry shall be arranged between the two work platforms in the protection area of the elevating work platform.



b) When two or more work platforms share the same mast and are driven separately, the following requirements shall be met:



1) the lower work platform shall be equipped with a protective roof, which shall meet the following requirements:



● be able to bear 100kg uniformly distributed load in any area of 0.1m×0.1m;



● be able to prevent the ball with a diameter of 15mm from passing through.



2) under any working condition, the minimum distance between two work platforms shall not be less than 2.5m.



6.3.3 Base frame and chassis



6.3.3.1 The connection between the base frame/chassis and other components (such as mast and cantilever outrigger) shall be safe and reliable.



6.3.3.2 The chassis of wheel drive (except road transport) shall be equipped with brake, which shall be able to stop the chassis and keep it in a static state under ground conditions allowed by the manufacturer and the most unfavorable combination of horizontal moving speed, maximum gradient and height and length of elevating work platform. Only by manually releasing the brake can it be maintained in released state. Under all other conditions, the brake shall be able to start automatically. The mode of braking shall not depend on exhaustible energy.



6.3.3.3 The outrigger pad shall be able to rotate at a certain angle in any direction, which shall not be less than the maximum gradient specified by the manufacturer plus 10°.



6.3.3.4 The outriggers, outrigger beams and base frame or chassis beyond the main contour line of the work platform shall be painted in safety colors.

Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Complete machine
5 Structure
6 Mechanisms, parts and components
7 Safety device
8 Hydraulic system
9 Electrical system
10 Operating system
11 Installation and disassembly
12 Operation
13 Inspection and maintenance
14 Information for use

升降工作平台安全规则
1 范围
本标准规定了升降工作平台在设计、制造、安装、使用和维护中应遵守的安全技术要求。
本标准适用于以下升降工作平台：
——举升式升降工作平台；
——导架爬升式工作平台；
——悬吊式升降工作平台；
——异型轨道式工作平台。
本标准不适用于施工升降机。
2 规范性引用文件
下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
GB/T 3098.1 紧固件机械性能 螺栓、螺钉和螺柱
GB/T 3098.2 紧固件机械性能 螺母
GB/T 3480.5 直齿轮和斜齿轮承载能力计算 第5部分：材料的强度和质量
GB/T 3811 起重机设计规范
GB/T 4208 外壳防护等级(IP代码)
GB/T 5226.32 机械电气安全 机械电气设备 第32部分：起重机械技术条件
GB 7258 机动车运行安全技术条件
GB/T 7932 气动 对系统及其元件的一般规则和安全要求
GB/T 17888.3 机械安全 进入机械的固定设施 第3部分：楼梯、阶梯和护栏
GB/T 17888.4 机械安全 进入机械的固定设施 第4部分：固定式直梯
GB/T 19154—2017 擦窗机
GB/T 19155—2017 高处作业吊篮
GB 24543 坠落防护 安全绳
GB/T 25849—2010 移动式升降工作平台 设计计算、安全要求和测试方法
GB/T 27547—2011 升降工作平台 导架爬升式工作平台
GB 50661 钢结构焊接规范
JB/T 11169—2011 固定式升降工作平台
JB/T 12786 升降工作平台 术语与分类
JGJ 82 钢结构高强度螺栓连接技术规程
ISO 6336-1 直齿轮和斜齿轮承载能力的计算 第1部分：基本原则、说明和一般影响因素(Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears—Part1:Basic principles，introduction and general influence factors)
ISO 6336-2 直齿轮和斜齿轮承载能力的计算 第2部分：轮齿表面耐用能力(点蚀)的计算[Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears—Part2:Calculation of surface durability (pittings)]
ISO 6336-3 直齿轮和斜齿轮承载能力的计算 第3部分：轮齿弯曲强度的计算(Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears—Part3:Calculation of tooth bending strength)
3 术语和定义
GB/T 25849—2010、GB/T 27547—2011、GB/T 19154—2017、GB/T 19155—2017、JB/T 11169—2011、JB/T 12786界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
3.1
管理员 custodian
直接控制升降工作平台使用和应用的实体单位或个人。
注：通常指取得控制权的所有者、租赁人或业主受托人。
3.2
操作人员 operator
经过相关培训，具有合格的知识和实践经验，操作升降工作平台的人员。
3.3
资质人员 qualified person
专业人员 competent person
具有认可的学历、证书、专业身份，或有相关的专业知识，经过培训且经验丰富，能有效证明其有能力解决有关事项、工作或项目上遇到的问题的人员。
3.4
安全通告 safety-related bulletin
制造商发布的与升降工作平台有关的安全信息。
4 整机
4.1 未作特殊声明时，升降工作平台应能在以下条件下正常工作：
a) 海拔不超过1000m。
b) 环境相对湿度不大于90％(＋25℃)。
c) 悬吊式升降工作平台应能在以下条件下正常工作：
· 环境温度为―10℃～＋55℃；
· 工作处风速不大于8.3m/s；
· 电源电压的波动范围不超过额定值±5％。
其他升降工作平台应能在以下条件下正常工作：
· 环境温度为－20℃～＋40℃；
· 风速不大于12.5m/s；
· 电源电压的波动范围不超过额定值±10％。
注：有特殊要求的，由制造商和用户协商解决。
4.2 制造商应确保升降工作平台的强度、刚度和稳定性符合相关标准的规定，在许可的各种工况下的使用应安全。
4.3 制造商应在使用说明手册中给出各种工况下升降工作平台对地面或基础的最大作用力，使用方应确保其安全后方可使用。
4.4 自行移动式升降工作平台采用的轮胎宜使用实心轮胎或其他非充气轮胎。如采用充气轮胎应有防爆胎倾翻措施。
4.5 道路行驶类型的移动式升降工作平台的照明和信号装置、制动性能及发动机排放应符合GB 7258的规定。
4.6 固定式升降工作平台应符合下列要求：
a) 当额定载荷超过500kg时，应安装升降导向装置；
b) 固定式基础的预埋件底板边缘与基础边缘的距离应不小于50mm。
4.7 升降工作平台噪声应符合以下要求：
a) 悬吊式升降工作平台在额定载荷工作时，在距离噪声源1m处的噪声值应不大于79dB(A)；
b) 除悬吊式升降工作平台以外的升降工作平台，由内燃机驱动的耳边噪声应不大于86dB(A)，由电力驱动的耳边噪声应不大于80dB(A)。
4.8 绝缘升降工作平台和防爆升降工作平台应符合相关标准的规定。
4.9 擦窗机悬挂装置与周围建筑物之间的间隙应不小于0.6m。如不能满足此间隙要求，应采取其他安全措施，制造商应告知使用者其危险信息，以防止对人员造成挤压伤害。
5 结构
5.1 总则
在进行升降工作平台金属结构设计时，应满足结构件在运输、安装、使用和试验过程中的强度(含疲劳强度)、稳定性、刚度及有关安全性方面的要求。
5.2 焊接
钢结构的焊接应符合GB 50661的规定，关键焊缝应做焊接工艺评定。
5.3 螺栓连接
5.3.1 主要受力构件的连接螺栓应采用高强度螺栓，高强度螺栓连接副的紧固件机械性能应符合GB/T 3098.1和GB/T 3098.2的规定，并应有性能等级标记及合格证。
5.3.2 主要受力构件的高强度螺栓连接的设计施工及验收应符合JGJ 82的规定。
5.4 楼梯、阶梯、护栏和直梯
5.4.1 楼梯、阶梯和护栏应符合GB/T 17888.3的规定。
5.4.2 直梯应符合GB/T 17888.4的规定。
5.5 维护平台、工作平台、走道和踢脚板
5.5.1 离地面2m以上操作、维修处应设置用于自身维护的维护平台、走道、踢脚板和护栏，并应符合以下要求：
a) 维护平台和走道应采用金属材料制作，其底板应具有排水和防滑性能。在使用圆孔、栅格或其他不能形成连续平面的材料时，孔或间隙的大小不应使直径为15mm的球体通过；在任何情况下，孔或间隙的面积应小于400mm2。
b) 维护平台和走道宽度应不小于500mm，局部有妨碍处可以降至400mm。维护平台和走道上操作人员可能停留的每一个部位都不应发生永久变形，且应能承受以下载荷：
· 通过直径为125mm的圆盘垂直施加在维护平台表面任何位置的2000N的载荷；
· 4500N/m2的均布载荷。
5.5.2 工作平台或走道的边缘应设置不小于150mm高的踢脚板。在需要操作人员穿越的地方，踢脚板的高度可以降低至100mm。
5.5.3 护栏的高度应符合升降工作平台相关产品标准的规定，应设置距离护栏上横杆和踢脚板均不大于500mm的中间横杆。对于需要降低护栏高度的特殊工作场合，应符合相关标准对于护栏的安全性要求。
5.5.4 不应使用链条或绳索作为护栏或入口门。
5.5.5 入口门不应折叠或向外打开，应能自动关闭，或用电控的方式进行互锁以防止工作平台在入口门处于开启状态时运行。
5.5.6 工作平台底板上的活板门应牢固地安装在工作平台上，并可靠锁紧且不得向下打开或向侧面滑动。
5.6 结构件的报废
5.6.1 主要结构件由于腐蚀、磨损等原因不能满足安全使用要求时，应进行修复或加强，否则应予报废。
5.6.2 主要受力构件产生永久变形而不能修复时，应予报废。
5.6.3 主要受力构件整体失稳后不得修复，应予报废。
5.6.4 当结构件及焊缝出现裂纹时，应分析原因，根据受力和裂纹情况采取加强措施。应达到原设计要求才能继续使用，否则应予报废。
6 机构及零部件
6.1 一般要求
6.1.1 机构零部件在设计时，应满足其在运输、安装、使用和试验过程中的强度(含疲劳强度)、稳定性、耐磨性及其他安全要求。
6.1.2 各机构应保证升降工作平台起升、下降、回转、变幅、伸展、行走时动作平稳、准确，无卡阻、爬行、振颤﹑冲击及驱动功率异常增大等现象。
6.1.3 钢丝绳端部的固接强度应能承受不小于80％的钢丝绳最小破断拉力。
6.1.4 钢丝绳末端应采用编结接头、铝合金压制接头、钢压制接头、楔形接头等固接方式。承载钢丝绳的末端不应采用U形螺栓绳夹固定。
6.2 举升式升降工作平台机构及零部件
6.2.1 底盘、行走系统和稳定器
6.2.1.1 移动式升降工作平台的底盘、行走系统和稳定器应符合GB/T 25849—2010中5.3的规定。
6.2.1.2 移动式升降工作平台行走机构切断动力后应能牵引移动。
6.2.1.3 自行式升降工作平台应设有行车制动和驻车制动系统。
6.2.1.4 行走系统换挡、转向操作应灵活。
6.2.1.5 驻车制动系统的制动器在制动动作后应设置能保持制动状态的装置。
6.2.1.6 升降工作平台设有支腿时，垂直支腿、水平支腿应能单独操作。操作支腿时，操作人员应能清楚看到支腿的运动方向。
6.2.2 伸展结构
6.2.2.1 伸展结构应符合GB/T 25849—2010中5.4的规定。
6.2.2.2 伸展结构传动系统应符合GB/T 25849—2010中5.5的规定。
6.2.2.3 若工作平台伸展结构采用两个或两个以上支撑装置，在升降过程中各支撑装置应保持同步。
6.2.2.4 垂直升降的伸展结构采用两层或多层结构的，上升时应从下层至上层依次起升，下降时应从上层至下层依次下降。
6.2.2.5 用于伸展结构的板式链槽轮，其槽底直径不应小于板式链节距的5倍。
6.2.2.6 应设有辅助下降装置，在主动力出现故障时应能起作用。
6.2.3 工作平台
6.2.3.1 在伸展结构伸展时或由于操作时的载荷和力的作用，工作平台与水平面或底盘平面或任何可旋转平面的水平度变化应不大于5°。
6.2.3.2 工作平台应采用阻燃型材料制作，即撤除火源后不会继续燃烧的材料。
6.2.3.3 工作平台相对于伸展的运动应设有机械限位。
6.2.3.4 除剪叉式或桅柱式升降工作平台外，其他型式的升降工作平台应设置安全带悬挂点。
6.3 导架爬升式工作平台机构及零部件
6.3.1 提升驱动系统
6.3.1.1 工作平台升降时额定速度应不大于0.2m/s。
6.3.1.2 应采取措施防止在正常运行过程中最上端的导向轮或导靴滑出导轨顶部。应采取进一步措施，以确保在任何情况下(包括安装与拆卸时)，安全装置的齿轮不会与齿条脱离啮合；其他机械式安全装置也应确保工作平台不会意外下滑。
6.3.1.3 齿轮齿条驱动系统应符合下列要求：
a) 在任何载荷情况下，应采取措施使齿条与驱动齿轮及安全装置齿轮正常啮合。此措施不应依赖于升降工作平台导向轮。所使用的装置应能限制齿轮的轴向移动，应确保至少2/3的齿宽与齿条处于啮合状态。
b) 在背轮或其他啮合控制零件发生失效、出现局部弯曲或导架发生偏斜时，应保证齿轮偏离距离不超过正常啮合时齿高的1/3。
c) 不应将齿轮作为导向轮。当导向轮或导靴失效时，应有保持工作平台稳定的措施。
d) 安全装置齿轮的安装位置应低于任一驱动齿轮。
e) 驱动齿轮的强度设计应符合ISO 6336-1、ISO 6336-2、ISO 6336-3和GB/T 3480.5的规定。考虑每个齿轮在总静载荷作用下轮齿所受到的实际应力，轮齿强度安全系数应不小于1.5。
f) 齿条应采用与驱动齿轮耐磨性相匹配的材料制造，轮齿的强度应根据ISO 6336-1、ISO 6336-2、ISO 6336-3和GB/T 3480.5的规定进行设计。齿的强度按实际应力进行计算，最小安全系数为1.5。
g) 齿轮和齿条的模数应不小于：
· 模数4：如果驱动系统的背轮或其他啮合控制零件不与导架其他零件接触而直接作用在齿条上；
· 模数6：如果驱动系统的背轮或其他啮合控制零件通过另一个与齿条直接接触的导架部件起作用。
6.3.1.4 棘轮驱动系统应符合下列要求：
a) 工作平台升降时最大额定速度应不大于0.06m/s；
b) 棘轮驱动机构元件设计疲劳安全系数应不小于1.5，动力元件设计疲劳载荷循环次数应不低于106次；
c) 导架上支撑安全装置的元件在最危险工况下的安全系数应不小于2.5；
d) 应有确保驱动系统和安全装置与导架上的横挡或其他元件正确啮合的措施，但不应依靠升降工作平台上的导向轮来实现；
e) 驱动机构不应用作导向轮。
6.3.1.5 螺杆驱动系统应符合下列要求：
a) 螺杆驱动元件设计疲劳安全系数应不小于1.5，齿形啮合件的设计疲劳载荷循环次数应不低于104次，驱动机构动力元件的设计疲劳载荷循环次数应不低于108次；
b) 应保证螺杆驱动元件与齿形啮合件在任何情况下均不离开正确啮合位置的1/3，即使在背轮失效、局部弯曲变形及导架倾斜状态下也应保证；
c) 安全装置的安装位置应低于驱动系统。
6.3.1.6 制动系统应符合GB/T 27547—2011中5.4.5的规定。
6.3.2 工作平台
6.3.2.1 升降工作平台正常运行及操作过程中，在承受额定载荷和其他力时，工作平台应保持水平状态，允差为±2°；在其他任何工况下，工作平台与水平方向的最大允差为±5°。
6.3.2.2 延伸平台与主平台底板高度差应不大于0.5m。
6.3.2.3 如果升降工作平台沿墙面安装，工作平台与墙面之间的距离大于0.3m但不超过0.5m时，应安装高度不低于0.7m的护栏(可以无中间横杆，但应有踢脚板)；如果间隙大于0.5m时，则应安装高度不低于1.1m的护栏；如果间隙不大于0.3m时，不需要安装护栏。
6.3.2.4 应安装防止人员触及导架的防护装置，其安装高度应不低于2m。
6.3.2.5 多级工作平台应满足以下要求：
a) 附加平台安装在主平台的上方或主平台的下方时，应符合以下规定：
· 两个工作平台底板之间的距离应不大于3m；
· 在升降工作平台的防护区域内两个工作平台间应有固定入口。
b) 两个或多个工作平台共用同一导架，且分别驱动时，应符合以下规定：
1) 对于低处的工作平台应装有防护顶，防护顶应满足：
· 在任一0.1m×0.1m的面积内能承受100kg的均布载荷；
· 能阻止直径为15mm的球体通过。
2) 在任何工况下，两个工作平台之间的最近距离应不小于2.5m。
6.3.3 底架和底盘
6.3.3.1 底架和底盘与其他部件(如导架和悬臂支腿等)的连接应安全可靠。
6.3.3.2 对车轮驱动(道路运输除外)的底盘应设有制动装置，在制造商允许的地面条件和水平移动速度、最大坡度以及升降工作平台的高度与长度的各种最不利组合条件下，应能使底盘停止并保持静止状态。只有通过人为操作释放制动装置才能保持其释放状态。在其他所有条件下，制动装置应能够自动起动。制动的方式不应依赖于可耗尽的能源。
6.3.3.3 支腿的撑脚应能在任意方向转动一定的角度，该角度应不小于制造商规定的最大坡度加上10°。
6.3.3.4 支腿、支腿梁及底架或底盘上超出工作平台主轮廓线的部分应涂上安全色。