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Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. This specification was revised by the drafting group according to the requirements of the document (GONGXINTINGKE [2012] No. 252) issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, through extensive investigation, careful summarization of practical experience, reference to relevant international and foreign advanced standards and extensive solicitation of opinions. This specification consists of 13 clauses and 5 annexes. The following main technical revisions have been made with respect to this specification: ——selection of plant site and plot plan; ——control and treatment of wastewater; ——control and treatment of waste gas; ——prevention and control of solid waste; ——noise control; ——environmental management; ——environmental monitoring; ——environmental protection investment; ——prevention and control of soil and groundwater pollution. This specification was firstly issued in 1995, and firstly revised in 2017; this edition is the first revision. Design specification for environmental protection of petrochemical industry 1 Scope This specification specifies the design specification for environmental protection of petrochemical industry. This specification is applicable to design for constructed, renovated and extended petrochemical industry projects. 2 Normative references The following documents are indispensable for the application of this specification. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB 3785 Electric, sonic properties and measuring methods for sound level meters GB 5085 Identification standards for hazardous wastes GB 5086 Test method standard for leaching toxicity of solid wastes GB 12348 Emission standard for industrial enterprises noise at boundary GB 13223 Emission standard of air pollutants for thermal power plants GB 13271 Emission standard of air pollutants for boilers GB 14554 Emission standards for odor pollutants GB 15562.1 Graphical signs for environmental protection GB 16297 Integrated emission standards of air pollutants GB 18484 Pollution control standard for hazardous wastes incineration GB 18597 Standard for pollution control on hazardous waste storage GB 18598 Standard for pollution control on the security landfill site for hazardous wastes GB 18599 Standard for pollution on the storage and disposal site for general industrial solid wastes GB 19041 Safety regulations for the production of phosgene and phosgenation products GB 31570 Emission standard of pollutants for petroleum refining industry GB 31571 Emission standard of pollutants for petroleum chemistry industry GB 50052 Code for design electric power supply systems GB 50747 Code for design of wastewater treatment in petrochemical industry GB 50984 Code for design of petrochemical plant layout GB/T 3241 Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters GB/T 4754 Industrial classification for national economic activities GB/T 15173 Sound calibrator GB/T 15555 Determination method standard for leaching toxicity of solid wastes GB/T 16157 Determination of particulates and sampling methods of gaseous pollutants emitted from exhaust gas of stationary source GB/T 17181 Integrating-averaging sound level meters GB/T 32146.1 Technical requirement of design and construction for inspection and testing laboratory - Part 1: General specification GB/T 50087 Specifications for the design of noise control system in industrial enterprises GB/T 50934 Technical code for seepage prevention in petrochemical engineering HJ 2.2 Technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment atmosphere environment HJ 562 Engineering technical specification of flue gas selective catalytic reduction denitrification for thermal power plant HJ 563 Engineering technical specification of flue gas selective non-catalytic reduction denitration for thermal power plant HJ/T 75 Specifications for continuous emissions monitoring of flue gas emitted from stationary sources HJ/T 76 Specification and test procedures for continuous emission monitoring systems of flue gas emitted from stationary sources HJ/T 91 Technical specifications requirements for monitoring of surface water and waste water HJ/T 92 Technical requirements for monitoring of total amount of pollutants in waste water HJ/T 125 Cleaner production standard Petroleum refinery industry HJ/T 166 Technical specification for soil environmental monitoring HJ/T 353 Technical guidelines of wastewater on-line monitoring equipments and installation (on trial) HJ/T 397 Technical specifications for emission monitoring of stationary source SH 3008 Design specification for green areas in plant areas of petrochemical industry SH 3009 Design specification for combustible gas discharge system in petrochemical industry SH 3173 Design specification for wastewater reclamation and reutilization in petrochemical industry SH/T 3146 Design specification for noise control in petrochemical industry DZ/T 0148 The specification for hydrogeological well drilling National catalogue of hazardous wastes 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this specification, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 General 3.1.1 petrochemical industry industry that uses petroleum, natural gas, coal and its products as raw materials to produce, store and transport liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline fraction, kerosene fraction, diesel fraction, fuel oil, lubricating oil, paraffin oil, asphalt oil, petrochemical raw materials, organic chemicals, synthetic resins, synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber, etc. 3.1.2 pollutant source facilities or building structures that emit pollutants 3.1.3 boundary boundary of the place or building where the owner has the right to use (or ownership) as determined by legal documents (such as land use permit, property ownership certificate, lease contract, etc.) 3.1.4 total amount of discharged pollutants total amount of a certain pollutant discharged from the discharge port in a certain period of time, which is the product of the total discharge amount of wastewater or waste gas and the average concentration of the pollutant, the time integral value of instantaneous pollutant concentration or the statistical value of pollutant discharge coefficient 3.1.5 intrinsic environmental protection take measures such as optimizing engineering design and strengthening operation management to reduce the generation of pollutants, improve the comprehensive utilization of resources, achieve comprehensive and stable discharge of pollutants, thus achieving green and sustainable development 3.2 Wastewater 3.2.1 sewer system assembly of the industrial wastewater and non-polluted rainwater collection, transportation, treatment, regeneration and disposal facilities in combined in a certain way 3.2.2 wastewater system assembly of the industrial wastewater collection, transportation, treatment, regeneration and disposal facilities in combined in a certain way 3.2.3 wastewater pretreatment treatment of some special pollutants before entering the wastewater treatment plant in order to meet the requirements for inlet water quality of wastewater treatment plant, or to reduce the escape of VOCs and odor gases in wastewater treatment process 3.2.4 public wastewater treatment system enterprise or organization in charge of collecting wastewater by using wastewater pipelines or other ways, and providing wastewater treatment services for more than two pollutant discharging units with the drainage meeting the relevant emission standards; including urban wastewater treatment plants and parks (including all kinds of industrial parks, development zones, industrial clusters, etc.) wastewater treatment plants of various scales and types 3.2.5 direct discharge behavior that the discharge units directly discharge water pollutants to the environmental water 3.2.6 indirect discharge behavior that the discharge units discharge water pollutants to public wastewater treatment system 3.2.7 drain outlet general drain outlet belonging to the pollutant discharging unit which directly or indirectly discharges wastewater to the environmental water body 3.2.8 industrial wastewater wastewater generated in the industrial production process, including process wastewater, polluted rainwater (mixed with process wastewater), domestic wastewater, circulating cooling discharge wastewater, chemical discharge wastewater, steam generator discharge wastewater, waste heat boiler discharge wastewater, etc. 3.2.9 process wastewater wastewater discharged from various production equipment after direct contact with materials in production process 3.2.10 sour water containing sulfide and/or ammonia wastewater having a sulfur content of ≥50mg/L and/or an ammonia nitrogen content of ≥100mg/L produced in the production process of petroleum refining industry 3.2.11 accidental drainage leakage materials, fire-fighting water, industrial wastewater and rainwater entering the sewer system that generated during the accident or accident treatment 3.2.12 polluted rainwater rainwater with the surface runoff pollutant concentration within the area of an enterprise or production facility higher than the direct discharge limit specified in the standard 3.3 Waste gas 3.3.1 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) organic compounds involved in photochemical reaction in atmosphere or those determined via measurement or calculation according to specified method 3.3.2 odor pollutants all gases that irritate olfactory organs and cause people's unhappiness or damage the living environment 3.3.3 acid mist mist acidic substance with a pH value of 3~4.5 3.3.4 volatile organic liquid any organic liquid that can release volatile organic compounds into the atmosphere and meet any of the following conditions: (1) at 20℃, the actual vapor pressure of volatile organic liquid is greater than 0.3kPa; (2) at 20℃, the total concentration of pure organic compounds with the actual vapor pressure greater than 0.3kPa is equal to or higher than 20% (mass fraction) 3.3.5 particulates solid and liquid particulates suspended in exhaust gas generated by combustion, synthesis and decomposition of fuel and other substances and mechanical treatment of various materials; particulates with aerodynamic equivalent diameter less than or equal to 10μm in ambient air are called inhalable particulates; those with aerodynamic equivalent diameter less than or equal to 2.5μm in ambient air are called fine particulates 3.3.6 fugitive emission unregulated emission of air pollutants without passing through an emission funnel 3.3.7 leak detection and repair systems engineering controlling material leakage in the whole production process in industrial enterprises involving VOCs 3.3.8 health protection zone minimum zone from the boundary of departments (workshop or workplace) generating harmful factors to that of sensitive area 3.3.9 buffer distances for residual air emissions distance from each fugitive emission source calculated by the atmospheric environmental protection mode among the recommended modes according to the requirements of HJ 2.2, which is the control distance starting from the central point of the pollutant source 3.4 Solid waste 3.4.1 solid wastes solid and semi-solid articles and substances and gaseous ones in containers that have lost their original use value or have been discarded or abandoned although they have not lost such value in the course of production, people’s daily lives and other activities, as well as articles and substances (including liquid waste) that are controlled as solid waste, as prescribed by laws and administrative regulations 3.4.2 industrial solid waste solid waste generated from industrial production 3.4.3 general industrial solid waste industrial solid waste not listed in the National catalogue of hazardous wastes or that judged as not having hazardous characteristics according to the national standard GB 5085 using the identification methods specified in GB 5086 and GB/T 15555 3.4.4 hazardous waste waste listed in the National catalogue of hazardous wastes or that with hazardous characteristics as determined according to the hazardous waste identification standard and identification method specified by the nation 3.5 Noise 3.5.1 noise sound produced in industrial production that interferes with the living surroundings 3.5.2 industrial enterprises noise sound produced in industrial production that interferes with the living surroundings, generated by stationary equipment and measured and controlled at the boundary 3.6 Environmental monitoring 3.6.1 emission monitoring of stationary source programmed process of sampling, determination, recording or signaling of various characteristic indexes of waste gas in order to master the dynamic changes of waste gas pollutants discharged from the discharge outlet 3.6.2 continuous emission monitoring system, CEMS all equipment necessary for continuously determining the concentration and emission rate of particulates and/or gaseous pollutants; generally, the monitoring system consists of three subsystems: sampling subsystem, testing subsystem as well as data acquisition and processing subsystem 3.6.3 monitoring of wastewater programmed process of sampling, determination, recording or signaling of various characteristic indexes of water in order to master the dynamic changes of pollutants in wastewater 3.6.4 wastewater on-line monitoring equipments equipment consisting of water pollutant source on-line monitoring station and water pollutant source on-line monitoring instrument 3.6.5 monitoring of groundwater quality programmed process of sampling, determination, recording or signaling of various characteristic indexes of groundwater in order to master the environmental quality of groundwater and the dynamic changes of pollutants in groundwater 3.6.6 groundwater monitoring well water quality monitoring well arranged to accurately master the environmental quality of groundwater and the dynamic changes in distribution of pollutants in groundwater 3.6.7 emergency monitoring monitoring of pollutants, pollutant concentration and pollution range in case of an environmental emergency 4 Overall requirement 4.1 The design for environmental protection of petrochemical industry shall meet the requirements of environmental impact assessment document and its approval document. 4.2 The design for environmental protection of petrochemical industry shall meet the emission standards and meet the requirements of total pollutant control. 4.3 For the design for environmental protection of petrochemical industry, the source control, process monitoring and end treatment shall be combined to prevent and control pollution in the whole process. 4.4 For the design for environmental protection of petrochemical industry, clean process and raw/auxiliary materials shall be preferred, industrial advanced technology and equipment shall be adopted, and perfect and reliable pollution prevention and control facilities shall be equipped to achieve intrinsic environmental protection. 4.5 For the design for environmental protection of petrochemical industry, the principle of integrated design shall be insisted to achieve overall planning, rational layout and one-time implementation, thus realizing effective control of environmental pollution. 4.6 The implementation of this specification shall also meet the environmental protection requirements of current relevant national, professional and local laws and regulations, standards, etc. 5 Selection of plant site and plot plan 5.1 Selection of plant site 5.1.1 The selection of plant site shall be based on basic environmental factors such as natural environment, social environment, atmosphere, water body (including ocean, surface water, groundwater, etc.) and soil in the area where the proposed project is located, in combination with the environmental impact of pollutants discharged under normal/abnormal working conditions of the proposed project and the impact of toxic and harmful factors on sensitive areas under accident conditions for comprehensive analysis and demonstration. 5.1.2 The site shall not be located in the restricted development areas in the national plan for developing functional zones, i.e., national nature reserves, world cultural and natural heritages, national scenic spots, national forest parks, national geological parks, etc. 5.1.3 The plant site should be located in an area with favorable natural conditions for waste gas diffusion and wastewater discharge, good supporting conditions for solid waste treatment and disposal, and certain environmental capacity, downwind of sensitive areas. 5.1.4 The plant area shall be provided with buffer distances for residual air emissions, which shall be determined according to the environmental impact assessment document of the project and its approval document. Other buffer distances shall comply with the requirements of relevant assessment documents and their approval documents. 5.2 Plot plan 5.2.1 The general layout shall be optimized to reduce the impact of factors such as harmful gas, smoke, dust, heat radiation, vibration and noise on the environment outside the boundary. 5.2.2 The production device area should be arranged on the side far away from the residential area. 5.2.3 The greening of the plant area shall be carried out according to SH 3008. 6 Control and treatment of wastewater 6.1 General requirement 6.1.1 The unit consumption of fresh water shall meet the requirements of the benchmark water intake of unit raw material/product of the industry. 6.1.2 The processes and equipment that produce no or less wastewater shall be preferred, and the production water should be recycled and reused to reduce the total amount of discharged wastewater. 6.1.3 The arrangement of sewer system shall meet the requirements of rainwater-wastewater separation, wastewater separation, classified collection, monitoring and treatment. 6.1.4 The amount and pollutant concentration of wastewater discharged directly or indirectly shall not exceed those required in relevant national, professional and local emission standards. 6.1.5 Pollutants such as benzo (a) pyrene, total lead, total cadmium, total arsenic, total nickel, total mercury, alkyl mercury, total chromium and hexavalent chromium at the wastewater discharge outlet of workshop or production facilities shall meet the standards. 6.1.6 Drain outlets of petrochemical enterprises or projects shall be arranged centrally, and shall not be arranged in drinking water source protection areas. No new drain outlets shall be arranged in the protection areas of scenic spots, important fishery water bodies and other water bodies with special economic and cultural values. The arrangement of drain outlets shall meet the requirements of relevant national, professional and local laws and regulations, as well as the requirements of environmental impact assessment documents and their approval documents. 6.1.7 Rainwater discharge outlets of petrochemical enterprises should be arranged centrally. 6.1.8 The monitoring pool, automatic sampling and on-line monitoring system shall be arranged for wastewater before it is discharged outside the boundary. The monitoring pool shall be equipped with facilities for cutting off and returning substandard wastewater. 6.1.9 The monitoring pool shall be arranged for rainwater before it is discharged outside the boundary, and the monitoring pool shall be equipped with facilities for cutting off and returning substandard rainwater. 6.1.10 Water quality sampling and water metering facilities shall be arranged for device (unit) wastewater before it is discharged outside the device/integrated device. 6.2 Control of pollutant source 6.2.1 A material collection system shall be set up separately for the device to collect the materials discharged from sampling, overflow, overhaul and accident as well as those discharged by emptying equipment and pipelines in a centralized and enclosed way. Materials shall be recycled, and those cannot be recycled shall not be discharged into the sewer system. 6.2.2 The wastewater from equipment and pipeline sweeping and flushing during overhaul, start-up and shutdown shall be collected and treated separately according to the water quality or enter the wastewater system for treatment. 6.2.3 In the polluted area, measures shall be taken to prevent rainwater overflow and a polluted rainwater pool with a reasonable volume shall be arranged, and the separation of polluted rainwater and non-polluted rainwater in the polluted area shall be automatically switched. Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 3.1 General 3.2 Wastewater 3.3 Waste gas 3.4 Solid waste 3.5 Noise 3.6 Environmental monitoring 4 Overall requirement 5 Selection of plant site and plot plan 5.1 Selection of plant site 5.2 Plot plan 6 Control and treatment of wastewater 6.1 General requirement 6.2 Control of pollutant source 6.3 Wastewater pretreatment and centralized treatment 6.4 Water pollution prevention and control measures 7 Control and treatment of waste gas 7.1 General requirement 7.2 Pollutant source control of combustion waste gas 7.3 Treatment measure of combustion waste gas 7.4 Pollutant source control of process waste gas 7.5 Treatment measures of process waste gas 7.6 Prevention and control of fugitive emission 8 Prevention and control of solid waste pollution 8.1 General requirement 8.2 Storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste 9 Noise control 10 Prevention and control of soil and groundwater pollution 10.1 General requirement 10.2 Prevention and control of soil and groundwater pollution 11 Environmental protection management 12 Environmental monitoring 12.1 General requirement 12.2 Waste gas monitoring 12.3 Wastewater monitoring 12.4 Noise monitoring 12.5 Groundwater and soil monitoring 12.6 Emergency monitoring 13 Environmental protection investment Annex A (Informative) Index of pollution prevention and control of main production devices and facilities in petrochemical industry Annex B (normative) Calculation method for total effective volume of accident storage facility Annex C (Normative) Index of major process devices and facilities which are counted in environmental protection investment Explanation of wording in this specification 石油化工环境保护设计规范 1范围 本规范规定了石油化工行业环境保护设计的技术要求。 本规范适用于新建、扩建、改建工程石油化工项目的设计。 2规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本规范的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,仅注日期的版本适用于本规范。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本规范。 GB3785声级计的电、声性能及测试方法 GB 5085危险废物鉴别标准 GB 5086固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法 GB 12348工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准 GB 13223火电厂大气污染物排放标准 GB 13271锅炉大气污染物排放标准 GB 14554恶臭污染物排放标准 GB 15562.1环境保护图形标志 GB 16297大气污染物综合排放标准 GB 18484危险废物焚烧污染控制标准 GB 18597危险废物贮存污染控制标准 GB 18598危险废物填埋污染控制标准 GB 18599 一般工业固体废物贮存、处置场污染控制标准 GB 19041光气及光气化产品生产安全规程 GB 31570石油炼制工业污染物排放标准 GB 31571石油化学工业污染物排放标准 GB 50052供配电系统设计规范 GB 50747石油化工污水处理设计规范 GB 50984石油化工工厂布置设计规范 GB/T 3241倍频程和分数倍频程滤波器 GB/T 4754国民经济行业分类 GB/T 15173声校准器 GB/T 15555固体废物浸出毒性测定方法 GB/T 16157固定污染源排气中颗粒物和气态污染物采样方法 GB/T 17181积分评价声级计 GB/T 32146.1检验检测实验室设计与建设技术要求 第1部分:通用要求 GB/T 50087工业企业噪声控制设计规范 GB/T50934石油化工工程防渗技术规范 HJ 2.2环境影响评价技术导则大气环境 HJ 562火电厂烟气脱硫工程技术规范 选择性催化还原法 HJ 563火电厂烟气脱硝工程技术规范 选择性非催化还原法 HJ/T 75固定污染源烟气排放连续监测技术规范 HJ/T 76固定污染源烟气排放连续监测系统技术要求及检测方法 HJ/T 91地表水和污水监测技术规范 HJ/T 92水污染物排放总量监测技术规范 HJ/T 125清洁生产标准石油炼制业 HJ/T 166土壤环境监测技术规范 HJ/T 353水污染源在线监测系统安装技术规范(试行) HJ/T 397 固定源废气监测技术规范 SH3008石油化工厂区绿化设计规范 SH3009石油化工可燃性气体排放系统设计规范 SH3173 石油化工污水再生利用设计规范 SH/T3146石油化工噪声控制设计规范 DZ/T0148水文水井地质钻探规程 国家危险废物名录 3术语和定义 下列术语和定义适用于本规范。 3.1通用 3.1.1 石油化工 petrochemical industry 以石油、天然气、煤及其产品为原料,生产、储运液化石油气、汽油馏分、煤油馏分、柴油馏分、燃料油、润滑油、石蜡油、沥青油、石油化工原料、有机化学品、合成树脂、合成纤维、合成橡胶等的工业。 3.1.2 污染源 pollutant source 指排放污染物的设施或指排放污染物的建筑构造。 3.1.3 厂界 boundary 由法律文书(如土地使用证、房产证、租赁合同等)中确定的业主所拥有使用权(或所有权)的场所或建筑物边界。 3.1.4 排污总量 total amount of discharged pollutants 指某一时段内从排放口排出的某种污染物的总量,是该时段内污水或废气的总排放量与该污染物平均浓度的乘积、瞬时污染物浓度的时间积分值或排污系数统计值。 3.1.5 本质环保 intrinsic environmental protection 通过优化工程设计、强化运营管理等措施,减少污染物产生,提高资源综合利用,做到污染物全面稳定达标排放,实现绿色可持续发展。 3.2废水 3.2.1 排水系统 sewer system 指收集、输送、处理、再生和处置工业废水和非污染雨水的设施以一定方式组合成的总体。 3.2.2 污水系统 wastewater system 指收集、输送、处理、再生和处置工业废水的设施以一定方式组合成的总体。 3.2.3 污水预处理 wastewater pretreatment 为满足污水处理场进水水质的要求,或为减少污水处理过程VOCs、恶臭气体逸散,在进入污水处理场前,针对某些特殊污染物进行的处理。 3.2.4 公共污水处理系统 public wastewater treatment system 通过纳污管道等方式收集废水,为两家以上排污单位提供废水处理服务并且排水能够达到相关排放标准要求的企业或机构,包括各种规模和类型的城镇污水处理厂、园区(包括各类工业园区、开发区、工业聚集地等)污水处理厂等。 3.2.5 直接排放 direct discharge 排污单位直接向环境水体排放水污染物的行为。 3.2.6 间接排放 indirect discharge 排污单位向公共污水处理系统排放水污染物的行为。 3.2.7 排污口 drain outlet 排污口是隶属于排污单位,直接或者间接向环境水体排放污水的总排口。 3.2.8 工业废水 industrial wastewater 工业生产过程中产生的废水,包括工艺废水、污染雨水(与工艺废水混合处理)、生活污水、循环冷却水排污水、化学水制水排污水、蒸汽发生器排污水、余热锅炉排污水等。 3.2.9 工艺废水 process wastewater 生产过程中与物料直接接触后,从各生产设备排出的废水。 3.2.10 含硫含氨酸性水 sour water containing sulfide and/or ammonia 石油炼制工业生产过程中产生的含硫≥50mg/L或/和含氨氮≥100mg/L的废水。 3.2.11 事故排水 accidental drainage 事故时或事故处理过程中产生的进入排水系统的泄漏物料、消防水、工业废水和雨水。 3.2.12 污染雨水 polluted rainwater 石油化工企业或生产设施区域内地面径流的污染物浓度高于标准规定的直接排放限值的雨水。 3.3废气 3.3.1 挥发性有机物 volatile organic compounds(VOCs) 参与大气光化学反应的有机化合物,或者根据规定的方法测量或核算确定的有机化合物。 3.3.2 恶臭污染物 odor pollutants 指一切刺激嗅觉器官引起人们不愉快或损害生活环境的气体。 3.3.3 酸雾 acid mist 雾状的酸性物质,其pH值为3~4.5。 3.3.4 挥发性有机液体 volatile organic liquid 任何能向大气释放挥发性有机物的符合以下任一条件的有机液体;(1)20℃时,挥发性有机液体的真实蒸气压大于0.3kPa;(2)20℃时,混合物中,真实蒸气压大于0.3kPa的纯有机化合物的总浓度等于或者高于20%(质量分数)。 3.3.5 颗粒物 particulates 燃料和其他物质在燃烧、合成、分解以及各种物料在机械处理中所产生的悬浮于排放气体中的固体和液体颗粒状物质;环境空气中空气动力学当量直径小于等于10μm的颗粒物,称可吸入颗粒物;环境空气中空气动力学当量直径小于等于2.5μm的颗粒物,称细颗粒物。 3.3.6 无组织排放 fugitive emission 大气污染物不经过排气筒的无规则排放。 3.3.7 泄漏检测与修复 leak detection and repair 在涉及VOCs的工业企业中对生产全过程物料泄漏进行控制的系统工程。 3.3.8 卫生防护距离 health protection zone 产生有害因素的部门(生产车间或作业场所)的边界至敏感区边界的最小距离。 3.3.9 大气环境防护距离 buffer distances for residual air emissions 根据HJ2.2的要求,采用推荐模式中的大气环境防护模式计算各无组织排放源计算出的距离,该距离是以污染源中心点为起点的控制距离。 3.4固体废物 3.4.1 固体废物 solid wastes 是指在生产、生活和其他活动中产生的丧失原有利用价值或者虽未丧失利用价值但被抛弃或者放弃的固态、半固态和置于容器中的气态的物品、物质以及法律、行政法规规定纳入固体废物管理的物品、物质,包括液态废物。 3.4.2 工业固体废物 industrial solid waste 指工业生产活动中产生的固体废物。 3.4.3 一般工业固体废物 general industrial solid waste 系指未被列入《国家危险废物名录》或者根据国家规定的GB5085鉴别标准和GB5086及GB/T15555鉴别方法判定不具有危险特性的工业固体废物。 3.4.4 危险废物 hazardous waste 列入《国家危险废物名录》或者根据国家规定的危险废物鉴别标准和鉴别方法判定的具有危险特性的废物。 3.5噪声 3.5.1 噪声 noise 在工业生产中所产生的干扰周围生活环境的声音。 3.5.2 厂界噪声industrial enterprises noise 在工业生产活动中,使用固定设备等产生的,在厂界处进行测量和控制的干扰周围生活环境的声音。 3.6环境监测 3.6.1 废气监测emission monitoring of stationary source 指为掌握排放口排放的废气污染物的动态变化,对废气中的各种特性指标取样、测定,并进行记录或发生信号的程序化过程。 3.6.2 烟气排放连续监测系统 continuous emission monitoring system, CEMS 连续测定颗粒物和/或气态污染物浓度和排放率所需要的全部设备。一般由采样、测试、数据采集和处理三个子系统组成的监测体系。 3.6.3 废水监测 monitoring of wastewater 指为了掌握污水中污染物的动态变化,对水的各种特性指标取样、测定,并进行记录或发出信号的程序化过程。 3.6.4 水污染源在线监测系统 wastewater on-line monitoring equipments 由水污染源在线监测站房和水污染源在线监测仪器组成。 3.6.5 地下水水质监测 monitoring of groundwater quality 为了掌握地下水环境质量状况和地下水体中污染物的动态变化,对地下水的各种特性指标取样、测定,并进行记录或发生信号的程序化过程。 3.6.6 地下水环境监测井 groundwater monitoring well 为准确把握地下水环境质量状况和地下水体中污染物的动态分布变化情况而设立的水质监测井。 3.6.7 应急监测 emergency monitoring 指突发环境事件发生后,对污染物、污染物浓度和污染范围进行的监测。 4基本规定 4.1石油化工环境保护设计应符合环境影响评价文件及其批复的要求。 4.2石油化工环境保护设计应做到达标排放,满足污染物总量控制要求。 4.3石油化工环境保护设计应源头控制、过程监控和末端治理相结合,做到全过程污染防治。 4.4石油化工环境保护设计,应优先选择清洁的工艺与原辅材料,采用行业先进的技术与装备,配备完善可靠的污染防治设施,做到本质环保。 4.5石油化工环境保护设计,应坚持一体化设计原则,做到统筹规划、合理布局、一次到位,实现对环境污染的有效控制。 4.6执行本规范时,尚应符合现行的国家、行业和地方有关法规、标准等的环保要求。 5厂址选择与总图布置 5.1厂址选择 5.1.1厂址选择,应根据拟建项目所在地区的自然环境、社会环境和大气、水体(含海洋、地表水、地下水等)、土壤等基本环境要素,结合拟建项目正常/非正常工况下排放的污染物对环境的影响,及事故状态下有毒有害因素对敏感区的影响,进行综合分析论证。 5.1.2不应在全国主体功能区规划的限制开发区域,即国家级自然保护区、世界文化自然遗产、国家级风景名胜区、国家森林公园、国家地质公园等区界内选址。 5.1.3厂址宜选在自然条件有利于废气扩散、废水排放、固体废物处理处置依托条件好、敏感区的下风向、有环境容量的区域。 5.1.4厂区应设大气环境防护距离,大气环境防护距离应按项目的环境影响评价文件及其批复确定。其他防护距离应执行相关评价文件及其批复的要求。 5.2总图布置 5.2.1应优化总平面布置,减少有害气体、烟尘、粉尘、热辐射、振动和噪声等因素对厂界外环境的影响。 5.2.2生产装置区宜布置在远离居住区的一侧。 5.2.3厂区绿化,应按SH3008进行。 6废水污染控制及治理 6.1一般规定 6.1.1新鲜水的单耗应满足行业单位原料/产品基准取水量的要求。 6.1.2优先选用不产生或少产生废水的工艺及设备,生产用水宜重复利用、循环使用及回用,减少废水的排放量。 6.1.3排水系统的设置应满足雨污分流、污污分流:分类收集、监控和处理。 6.1.4直接或间接排放的污水,其排放量和污染物浓度不得超过国家、行业和地方相关排放标准的要求。 6.1.5苯并(a)芘、总铅、总镉、总砷、总镍、总汞、烷基汞、总铬、六价铬等污染物应在车间或生产设施废水排放口达标。 6.1.6石油化工企业或项目的排污口应集中设置,禁止设在饮用水水源保护区内,在风景名胜区水体、重要渔业水体和其他具有特殊经济文化价值的水体的保护区内,不得新建排污口。排污口的设置应满足国家、行业及地方相关法规的规定,以及环境影响评价文件及其批复的要求。 6.1.7石油化工企业的雨水排放口宜集中设置。 6.1.8污水在排出厂界前应设置监控池、自动采样及在线监测系统,监控池应具有切断、返回不达标污水的设施。 6.1.9雨水在排出厂界前应设置监控池,监控池应具有切断、返回不达标雨水的设施。 6.1.10装置(单元)废水排出装置/联合装置前应设置水质采样和水量计量设施。 6.2污染源控制 6.2.1装置应单独设立物料收集系统,对采样、溢流、检修、事故放料以及设备、管道倒空排出的物料,进行集中密闭回收。物料应回收利用,不能回收利用的,禁止将物料排入排水系统。 6.2.2检修、开停车时设备和管道的扫线、冲洗污水应根据水质确定单独收集处理或进入污水系统处理。 6.2.3在污染区应采取防止雨水漫流的措施并设置合理容积的污染雨水池,污染区的污染雨水与非污染雨水的分流应实现自动切换。 6.2.4原料、燃料、产品的露天堆场和装卸站台及码头,应有防止雨水冲刷物料而造成污染的措施。 6.2.5装置区调节阀排水宜采用密闭排放形式。 6.2.6循环水场水质处理应选用无磷或低磷的水处理药剂。 6.2.7需要脱水的原油罐、中间原料罐、成品油罐等宜设自动切水器。 6.2.8生产装置中承担油水分离功能的分离器应设置充足的油水分离空间及油水界面监视设施。 6.2.9气体物料分液罐排液应经脱气排入相应的污水系统。 6.2.10蒸汽供热系统应设凝结水回收系统,回收的凝结水宜统一处理后回用。锅炉及蒸汽发生器排污宜回用。 6.2.11除生活污水外的工业污水出装置(单元)界区后应采用压力输送且地上敷设。 6.2.12对污水处理场造成冲击的工艺污水宜设置专用的调节设施。 6.3废水预处理和集中处理 6.3.1经简单物化处理即可满足回用或排放标准的废水应进行局部处理。 6.3.2直接进入污水处理场会影响运行的下列污水应进行预处理。 a)含有较高浓度不易生物降解有机物的污水; b)含有较高浓度生物毒性物质的污水: c)高温污水; d)酸、碱污水: e)含有易挥发的有毒、有害物质的污水。 6.3.3对工艺废水的处理应优先采取回收废水中有用物质或余热的措施。 6.3.4含硫含氨酸性水应密闭送入汽提装置进行处理后回用,回用率宜达到HJ/T125中的一级标准要求。加氢装置的含硫含氨酸性水宜与其他装置的含硫含氨酸性水分别处理。 6.3.5洗罐站的槽车清洗水宜经除油、过滤、加热处理后循环使用。 6.3.6常减压装置的电脱盐工艺废水宜采取破乳、除油、降温预处理。 6.3.7延迟焦化装置冷焦水、切焦水应循环使用。 6.3.8沥青成型机及石蜡成型机冷却水应经沉淀、冷却处理后循环使用。 6.3.9裂解炉清焦工艺废水宜采用降温、沉淀法预处理。 6.3.10甲醇制烯烃(MTO)装置急冷塔塔底工艺废水宜采用过滤、中和、厌氧等预处理。 6.3.11采用异丙苯生产苯酚丙酮装置排放的高浓度工艺污水,应采用酸化+萃取工艺预处理,回收苯酚。 6.3.12以二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂的丁二烯装置产生的工艺废水应进行溶剂回收,处理后废水中二甲基甲酰胺浓度应小于300mg/L。 6.3.13以乙腈为溶剂的丁二烯装置产生的工艺废水应进行溶剂回收,处理后废水中乙腈浓度应小于150mg/L。 6.3.14采用气相法干气制苯乙烯装置中受阻聚剂污染的工艺废水及地面冲洗水,宜采用过滤、吸附法预处理。 6.3.15采用全低压羰基合成工艺的丁辛醇装置中辛醇精馏系统真空装置、丁醇预精馏塔层析器、辛醇预精馏塔层析器以及火炬分液罐产生的工艺废水宜采用蒸汽汽提法预处理,回收杂醇。 6.3.16采用全低压羰基合成工艺的丁辛醇装置中的丁醛缩合层析器产生的工艺废水可采用中和法预处理。 6.3.17采用平衡氧氯化工艺生产氯乙烯(VCM)装置产生的工艺废水宜进行沉淀、汽提、中和预处理。 6.3.18采用丙烯-氨氧化法生产丙烯腈装置产生的工艺废水可采用以下方法预处理: a)回收塔釜排出的工艺废水应采用四效蒸发法处理。回收的废水可用做急冷塔补水。四效蒸发残液应采用焚烧法处理。 b)丙烯腈装置急冷塔釜液汽提塔排出的高浓度工艺废水、乙腈精制过程中脱氰塔和干燥塔排出的塔釜排出的高浓度工艺废水应焚烧处理。 c)丙烯腈装置轻有机物汽提塔排出的含氰工艺废水宜采用次氯酸钠或H2O2氧化法进行预处理。 6.3.19甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)装置丙酮氰醇单元回收塔排出的工艺废水应焚烧处理。 6.3.20己内酰胺装置的工艺废水可采用以下方法预处理: a)含高浓度有机物的冷凝液和工艺废水,宜采用汽提法回收有机物; b)含磷工艺废水宜进行化学絮凝沉淀预处理; c)己内酰胺生产过程中产生的酸碱废水宜进行中和预处理; d)硫铵装置废水可采用汽提、吹脱或膜法进行预处理。 6.3.21精对苯二甲酸(PTA)工艺废水宜先进行沉淀分离处理,回收对苯二甲酸(TA)沉渣。 6.3.22丙烯酸及酯生产装置产生的高浓度有机工艺废水可采用焚烧法、催化湿式氧化法预处理。 6.3.23聚乙烯装置产生的含铬工艺污水宜采用还原、沉淀法进行除铬处理。 6.3.24以乙烯为原料、醋酸乙烯为共聚单体,采用高压釜式工艺技术生产低密度聚乙烯均聚物或EVA共聚产品装置产生的工艺废水,宜采用沉淀、过滤法预处理。 6.3.25采用淤浆法生产丁基橡胶装置、以溶液法生产丁苯橡胶装置产生的工艺废水可采用沉淀或气浮等方法预处理。 6.3.26乳液聚合丁苯橡胶装置滗析器排出的工艺废水宜先经过汽提,汽提其中的有机物后再与其他工艺废水一起进行预处理,废水预处理宜选用隔油、浮选。 6.3.27采用乳液接枝掺合工艺生产工程塑料装置产生的工艺废水,可采用中和、气浮法预处理。 6.3.28聚酯(PET)装置的工艺废水宜采用中和法预处理。 6.3.29涤纶、腈纶、丙纶、维纶等生产装置纺丝过程产生的含油剂工艺废水宜采用破乳、混凝、固液分离等方法预处理。 6.3.30涤纶、锦纶等生产装置纺丝生产过程产生的酸碱工艺废水宜采用中和法预处理。 6.3.31湿法纺丝腈纶工艺废水宜采用降温、中和预处理。 6.3.32干法纺丝腈纶工艺废水宜采用降温、过滤预处理。 6.3.33锦纶6工艺废水宜进行中和预处理。 6.3.34煤气化装置的气化黑水宜进行闪蒸、絮凝沉淀处理后循环使用。 6.3.35采用水煤浆加压气化工艺的煤气化装置的灰水宜采用汽提方法进行预处理。 6.3.36采用干粉煤加压气化工艺的煤气化装置的灰水宜采用氧化方法进行预处理。 6.3.37采用碎煤固定床加压气化工艺的煤气化装置的灰水宜采用沉淀、汽提、精馏等方法进行预处理。 6.3.38煤气化装置一氧化碳(CO)变换冷凝液宜采用汽提法预处理,回收氨和硫化氢。 6.3.39污水处理设施的处理能力应考虑开停工、检修、事故等工况。 6.3.40污水处理设施的设计应符合GB50747的要求。 6.3.41污水再生利用设施的设计应符合SH3173的要求。 6.4水体污染防控措施 6.4.1石油化工建设项目/企业应设置事故排水收集和储存设施,事故排水不排入外环境。 6.4.2事故排水储存设施包括防火提或围堰内区域、事故池、事故罐等。 6.4.3生产装置和设施应采取措施收集事故本身及处置过程中受污染排水。 6.4.4应根据收集区内事故时受污染排水和未受污染排水的去向,设置排水切换设施。 6.4.5非可燃性物料的储罐宜设置围堰或事故存液池,围堰和事故存液池有效容积不宜小于罐组内1个最大储罐的容积。 6.4.6应结合全厂总平面布局、场地竖向、道路及排雨水系统现状,以自流排放为原则合理划分事故排水收集系统。 6.4.7事故排水可单独设置事故排水系统,也可以利用污水系统、雨水系统收集,排放总管宜采用密闭形式,难以采用密闭形式时应采取安全防范措施。 6.4.8排水系统设计时应充分考虑事故时收集废水的需要,减少进入事故排水储存设施的水量。 6.4.9各装置排水在接入事故排水收集系统前应设置水封。 6.4.10事故排水储存设施的容量应综合考虑发生事故时的设备或储存设施存料量、消防水量、降水量以及应进入事故排水收集系统的污水量等确定。事故储存设施总有效容积的计算见附录B。 6.4.11应设置迅速切断事故排水直接外排的设施。 6.4.12自流进水的事故池内最高液位不应高于该收集系统范围内的最低地面标高,并留有适当的保护高度。 6.4.13当自流进入的事故池容积不能满足事故排水储存容量要求时,须加压转输到其他储存设施,设备转输能力应与事故排水量相匹配,用电设备的电源应满足GB50052规定的一级负荷供电要求。 6.4.14事故排水应根据水质监测情况分别采取下列措施: a)物料应回收利用; b)不能达标排放的事故排水,宜根据其水质和污水处理场的能力,送至污水处理场处理。 6.4.15含硫含氨酸性水储罐应按照油品储罐设置防火堤,地面和防火堤进行防渗处理。储罐应设置转运设施。 6.4.16石油化工项目自备码头输油管线的阀门、流量计等设备应布置在陆域,并设置防止泄漏物料进入水体的设施。 6.4.17事故排水的监测项目应根据物料种类确定。 7废气污染控制与治理 7.1一般规定 7.1.1废气污染物的排放速率、排放浓度、排放总量和排气筒高度应满足国家、行业和地方相关排放标准、项目环境影响评价文件及其批复的要求。 7.1.2生产过程产生的废气,有回收利用价值的应回收利用,没有回收利用价值或不具备回收利用条件的废气应进行净化或无害化处理。在回收利用装置不能正常作业期间需排放可燃性气体的,应当将排放的可燃性气体充分燃烧或者采取其他控制大气污染物排放的措施。 7.1.3产生含挥发性有机物废气的工艺生产过程,应设计为密闭设备或者空间,并采取污染防治措施;无法密闭的,应当采取措施减少废气污染物排放。 7.1.4废气治理方案应优先选择避免产生二次污染的工艺和技术,有二次污染物产生,应对二次污染物进行处置。 7.1.5在生产装置开(停)工、检修、生产波动等工况下,安全阀启跳和放空系统排出的含烃类气体应密闭安全排放至火矩系统。 7.1.6酸性气、氨气排放系统应单独设置。 7.2燃烧废气的污染源控制 7.2.1加热炉、裂解炉、锅炉、焚烧炉的设计应最大限度地提高燃烧效率,并采用热能回收技术,通过降低燃料消耗以减少燃烧废气的排放:但对于处理含氟较高或含氯大于5%的危险废物焚烧系统,不得采用余热锅炉降温。 7.2.2加热炉、裂解炉、锅炉、焚烧炉、导热油炉等应优先使用清洁燃料气。 7.2.3加热炉、裂解炉、锅炉、焚烧炉、燃气轮机等应采用低氮氧化物燃烧技术,从源头减少燃烧烟气中氮氧化物的产生。 7.2.4对催化裂化装置原料宜进行加氢处理,降低硫含量,减少再生烟气中二氧化硫的产生量。 7.3燃烧废气的治理措施 7.3.1通过源头控制不能达到排放标准的燃烧烟气,均应根据工艺情况,采用有效的脱硫、脱硝和除尘等措施。脱硫、脱硝和除尘过程产生的废水和固体废物应妥善处理,符合相关标准和规范。 7.3.2催化汽油吸附脱硫装置的催化剂再生烟气应进行处理后排放。再生烟气可送至硫磺回收装置处理,或送具有烟气脱硫设施的装置共同处理,或单独设置烟气处理设施。 7.3.3危险废物焚烧处理设施的设计应根据焚烧危废的种类和性质,确定焚烧工艺或尾气处理措施,相关特征污染物(如卤化氢类、重金属类、二英类等)和其他污染物的排放应达到GB18484的要求。 7.4工艺废气的污染源控制 7.4.1以下废气应接入有机废气回收或处理装置,其大气污染物排放应符合标准规定。有机废气收集、传输设施的设置和操作条件应保证被收集的有机气体不通过收集、传输设施的开口向大气泄漏。 a)空气氧化反应器产生的含挥发性有机物尾气; b)序批式反应器原料装填过程、气相空间保护气置换过程、反应器升温过程和反应器清洗过程排出的废气; c)有机固体物料气体输送废气; d)用于含挥发性有机物容器真空保持的真空泵排气; e)非正常工况下,生产设备通过安全阀排出的含挥发性有机物的废气; f)生产装置、设备开停工过程不满足排放标准要求的废气。 7.4.2连续产生的富含硫化氢气体应进入气体脱硫装置处理,脱除的硫化氢应回收,不能进入回收装置的硫化氢应考虑焚烧或其他方式处理。 7.4.3脱硫溶剂再生系统、含硫含氨酸性水汽提装置、硫磺回收装置的设计应考虑在事故状态下避免硫化氢排入大气的措施,同时应保证在一套硫磺回收装置出现故障时不向酸性气火炬排放酸性气。 7.4.4易挥发有毒气体的含硫含氨酸性水、含酚废水等,应密闭输送和储存,储罐呼吸气应进行处理。 7.4.5排入火炬系统的气体和液体应采取措施回收。在任何时候,挥发性有机物和恶臭物质进入火炬都应能点燃并充分燃烧:火炬的最小燃烧效率应不小于98%。 7.4.6光气法生产异氰酸酯装置应按GB19041的规定设置尾气回收及破坏处理系统和紧急停车和应急破坏处理系统。 7.4.7合成树脂项目或企业产生大气污染物的生产设施和装置应设立局部或整体气体收集系统和净化处理装置。 7.4.8合成树脂项目或企业挥发性物料投加、分离、抽真空与干燥过程应采取下列控制措施: a)挥发性物料投加采用无泄漏泵或高位槽投加液体物料:粉体物料投加采用管道自动计量并投加粉体物料,或者采用投料器密闭投加粉体物料: b)挥发性物料分离(离心、过滤):采用全自动密闭式(氮气或空气密封)的压滤机;采用全自动密闭或半密闭式的离心机; c)挥发性物料抽真空采用无油往复式真空泵、罗茨真空泵、液环泵,泵前与泵后均需设置气体冷却冷凝装置:如采用水喷射泵和水环泵,应配置循环水冷却设备(盘管冷却或深冷换热)和水循环槽(罐),对挥发性废气进行收集、处理: d)挥发性物料干燥采用密闭式的干燥设备。干燥过程中挥发的有机废气应收集、处理。 7.4.9合成树脂项目合成树脂粉中间料仓、缓冲料仓、挤压造粒单元应采取除尘措施。 7.5工艺废气的治理措施 7.5.1对于装卸、储存、粒料输送等过程产生的热值低、无回收价值的有机废气宜采用热氧化(TO)或蓄热氧化(RTO)的方式进行处理。 7.5.2常减压装置应采用“三顶”瓦斯气技术,不凝气应脱硫后回收利用。 7.5.3延迟焦化装置应采用焦炭塔密闭除焦和冷焦措施,除焦过程产生的废气应进行处理。 7.5.4催化重整装置催化剂再生放空气应经过脱氯后排放。 7.5.5硫磺回收装置应设尾气处理设施。液硫脱气部分排放的废气应进行回收或净化处理。 7.5.6脱硫醇装置的含烃废气应排入加热炉或焚烧炉处理。 7.5.7氧化沥青尾气宜采用焚烧法处理。 7.5.8甲基叔丁基醚装置回流罐尾气应排入火炬系统。 7.5.9制氢、乙二醇/环氧乙烷装置排放的含二氧化碳尾气宜首先考虑回收利用。 7.5.10废碱液湿式氧化装置尾气应进行焚烧处理。 7.5.11乙二醇/环氧乙烷装置乙二醇/环氧乙烷反应系统循环气应进行焚烧处理。 7.5.12苯乙烯装置多乙苯塔尾气和真空泵密封罐尾气应作加热炉燃料。 7.5.13聚苯乙烯装置密封液罐尾气宜通过控制冷凝温度、设置除雾器回收液滴等措施降低不凝气污染物浓度。 7.5.14苯酚丙酮装置多异丙苯塔塔顶尾气和氧化反应器尾气应送至尾气焚烧炉或催化氧化处理,其他含有烃类的废气应进入火炬系统。 7.5.15丁辛醇装置含氢气、甲烷和丁醇等有机物的精馏系统真空包排气应送独立的焚烧炉处理。含高浓度氢气、甲烷、丙烷、丙烯等有机物的废气应收集后综合利用。储罐氮封排气送火矩系统。 7.5.16氯乙烯(VCM)装置工艺尾气应采用高温焚烧处理,焚烧烟气应经过吸收处理。 7.5.17丙烯酸及酯装置的工艺废气应采用焚烧处理。 7.5.18丙烯腈装置的尾气应采取下列污染控制和治理措施: a)丙烯腈装置吸收塔尾气应进行焚烧处理; b)脱氢氰酸塔真空泵排气和丙烯腈成品塔真空泵排气应设独立火炬系统焚烧; c)乙腈单元脱氢氰酸塔及乙腈干燥塔真空泵排气、乙腈反应器尾气宜进行洗涤处理或焚烧处理; d)丙酮氰醇单元提馏塔排出的不凝气宜进行洗涤处理或焚烧处理; e)硫铵单元的干燥尾气应进行洗涤处理。 7.5.19甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)装置后沸塔、低沸塔、拔头塔及精馏塔真空喷射器放空气宜进行冷凝处理。 7.5.20精对苯二甲酸(PTA)装置的尾气采取下列治理措施: a)氧化反应器的尾气应采用燃烧法处理,燃烧烟气进行吸收处理。 b)结晶、过滤、干燥、溶剂回收、中间产品和产品储存等过程产生的尾气,应进行洗涤处理。 7.5.21己内酰胺装置过程排放的尾气应采取下列处理措施: a)含有机物的尾气,应首先采用冷凝、汽提或洗涤回收有机物后,再进行净化或焚烧处理。 b)含NOx尾气应进行NOx脱除处理。 c)含尘尾气宜先用旋风分离器回收粉尘,再用洗涤塔吸收处理。 7.5.22乙烯醋酸乙烯(EVA)装置离心干燥机风机排气、脱气料仓排放气、废油罐氮封气等废气应进行焚烧处理。压缩机单元收集的泄漏气、醋酸乙烯干燥系统再生废气、醋酸乙烯回收塔顶气、EVA装置低压系统事故排放气,应排入火矩系统。 7.5.23醋酸乙烯装置合成工序排出的部分循环气宜先经醋酸洗涤、碱洗除去CO2,再经醋酸吸收乙炔,最终经碱洗、水洗处理。 7.5.24醋酸乙烯装置乙醛氧化塔顶尾气宜经冷却、分离处理,回收乙醛、醋酸。 7.5.25聚酯生产过程中,乙二醇储存、乙二醇精馏回收、聚合反应等工序应采取防止乙二醇气溶胶逸散的措施。酯化工序乙二醇分离塔塔顶气体进行冷凝应先进行汽提处理。 7.5.26 腈纶生产过程排放的尾气应采取下列处理措施: a)聚合釜、聚合体淤浆槽排出的尾气应进行洗涤吸收。 b)腈纶干法纺丝过程中,聚合工段、纺丝工段、牵伸及后加工工段排出的废气应进行洗涤回收。 c)以二甲基乙酰胺为溶剂的腈纶废丝溶解系统和回收粗二甲基乙酰胺槽排出的气体应进行冷却吸收。 7.5.27锦纶生产过程排放的尾气应采取下列处理措施: a)锦纶66生产过程排放的含己二胺废气,应通过喷淋塔洗涤。 b)锦纶纺丝过程中产生的含己内酰胺废气,应采用吸收、蒸发等方法回收己内酰胺。 7.5.28氨纶生产过程排放的尾气应采取下列处理措施: a)氨纶生产过程中预聚合和聚合工段的尾气应经低温冷凝处理,回收溶剂。 b)纺丝机上方低温冷凝器的不凝气和溶剂回收精制工段的塔顶不凝气应采取洗涤处理。 7.5.29纺丝组件清洗过程中产生的油烟、油雾、硫化物、胺等有害气体,应进行净化处理。 7.5.30煤气化装置的废气处理措施应满足以下要求。 a)输煤系统煤储斗和料浆滚筒筛均应配置除尘设施。 b)水煤浆加压气化装置真空泵分离罐放空气和锁斗渣池放空气应进行水洗处理。 c)粉煤加压及输送工序的粉煤给料罐顶部的粉煤过滤器放空气应进行水洗处理。 d)煤气化装置酸性气体脱除尾气应进行水洗或氧化处理,去除尾气中的烃类、硫化氢等污染物。 |
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