GB/T 23821-2022 Information security technology -Guide for health data security
1 Scope
This document establishes values for safety distances in both industrial and non-industrial environments to prevent machinery hazard zones being reached by using protective structures. It also gives information about distances to impede free access by the lower limbs (see Annex B).
This document covers people of 14 years and older (the 5th percentile stature of 14-year-olds is approximately 1,400 mm). In addition, for upper limbs only, it provides information for children older than 3 years (5th percentile stature of 3-year-olds is approximately 900 mm) where reaching through openings needs to be addressed.
Note 1: It is not practical to specify safety distances for all persons. Therefore, the values presented are intended to cover the 95th percentile of the population.
Data for preventing lower limb access for children is not considered.
The distances apply when sufficient risk reduction can be achieved by distance alone. Because safety distances depend on size, some people of extreme dimensions will still be able to reach hazard zones even when the requirements of this document are met.
Compliance with the requirements in this document will prevent access to the hazard zone. Nevertheless the user of this document is advised that it does not provide the required risk reduction for every hazard (e.g. hazards related to machine emissions such as ionizing radiation, heat sources, noise, dust).
The clauses covering lower limbs apply on their own only when access by the upper limbs to the same hazard zone is not foreseeable according to the risk assessment.
The safety distances are intended to protect those persons trying to reach hazard zones under the conditions specified (see 4.1.1).
Note 2: This document is not intended to provide measures against reaching a hazard zone by climbing over (see GB/T 8196-2018, 5.18).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 15706-2012 Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100:2010, IDT)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 15706-2012 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
——ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
——IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
protective structure
safeguard (e.g. a guard, an impeding device) or other physical obstruction (e.g. a part of a machine) which restricts the movement of the body and/or a part of it in order to prevent reaching hazard zones
3.2
reference plane
level at which persons would normally stand during the use of the machine or access to the hazard zone
Note: The reference plane is not necessarily the ground or the floor (for example a working platform can be the reference plane).
3.3
safety distance
safe separation distances,
sr
minimum distance a protective structure is required to be placed from a hazard zone
4 Safety distances to prevent reach or access by upper and lower limbs
4.1 General
4.1.1 Assumptions
The safety distances in this document have been derived by making the following assumptions:
——the protective structures and any openings in them retain their shape and position;
——safety distances are measured from the surface restricting the body or the relevant part of the body;
——the body is forced over protective structures or through openings in an attempt to reach the hazard zone;
——there is some contact with the reference plane while wearing shoes (use of high-soled shoes, climbing and jumping are not included);
——no aids such as chairs or ladders are used to change the reference plane;
——no aids such as rods or tools are used to extend the natural reach of the upper limbs.
4.1.2 Risk assessment
4.1.2.1 General
Safety distances are determined if the hazard to be considered has been identified as significant (see GB/T 15706-2012, 3.8). All reasonably foreseeable access means shall be taken into account. When the possibility of access or the variety of hazard zones requires the application of more than one table, all safety distances shall be taken into account. When more than one safety distance is determined for the same means of access, the greatest safety distance shall be applied.
The safety distances, sr, given in Table 7 apply to persons reaching through openings using the lower limbs in an attempt to reach a hazard zone.
4.1.2.2 Selection of safety distances when reaching upwards and reaching over
Prior to selecting a suitable safety distance in case of reaching upwards (see 4.2.1) or reaching over protective structures (see 4.2.2), it is necessary to consider the severity of harm and the probability of occurrence of this harm caused by the hazard.
In case of reaching upwards, the higher value according to 4.2.1.2 shall be applied. In the case of reaching over protective structures, the values of Table 2 shall be applied.
The lower value according to 4.2.1.2 or Table 1 may only be applied where both the severity of harm and the probability of occurrence of harm caused by the hazard are low (see GB/T 15706-2012, 5.5.2.3).
Foreword I
Introduction III
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Safety distances to prevent reach or access by upper and lower limbs
Annex A (Informative) Use of Tables 1 and 2 with intermediate values
Annex B (Informative) Distances to impede free access by lower limbs
Bibliography
