1 Scope
This part of GB 19212 deals with safety aspects of power transformers, power supplies, reactors and similar products such as electrical, thermal and mechanical safety.
This part covers the following types of dry-type transformers, power supplies, including switch mode power supplies, and reactors, the windings of which may be encapsulated or non-encapsulated.
Note: the distinction between transformers, power supplies and switch mode power supplies is as follows:
——for transformers, there is no change in frequency. However, transformers (e.g. constant voltage transformers) may have an internal resonance frequency not exceeding 30 kHz;
——for power supplies, the internal operational frequency and waveform are different from the supply frequency and waveform, and the internal operational frequency does not exceed 500 Hz (see definition 3.1.19);
——for switch mode power supplies, the internal operational frequency and waveform are different from the supply frequency and waveform and the internal operational frequency exceeds 500 Hz and does not exceed 100 MHz.
The relevant other parts of GB 19212 may be found in the introduction of this part.
a) Stationary or portable, single-phase or poly-phase, air-cooled (natural or forced), isolating and safety isolating transformers, independent or associated, not forming a part of distribution networks and with the following characteristics:
——rated supply voltage not exceeding 1,000 V a.c.;
——rated supply frequency not exceeding 500 Hz;
and complying with the following values, unless otherwise specified in the other parts of GB 19212:
for isolating transformers:
——rated output for single phase transformers, not exceeding 25 kVA, and for polyphase transformers not exceeding 40 kVA;
——no-load output voltage and the rated output voltage exceeding 50 V a.c., and not exceeding 500 V a.c, or 1,000 V a.c. to be in accordance with the National Wiring Rules or for a special application.
for safety isolating transformers:
——rated output for single phase transformers not exceeding 10 kVA, and for polyphase transformers not exceeding 16 kVA.
——no-load output voltage and the rated output voltage not exceeding 50 V a.c. between conductors, or between any conductor and protective earth.
Note 1: isolating and safety isolating transformers are used where double or reinforced insulation between circuits is required by the installation rules or by the appliance specification (for example toys, bells, portable tools, handlamps).
b) Stationary or portable, single-phase or polyphase, air-cooled (natural or forced) separating transformers, auto-transformers, variable transformers and small reactors, independent or associated, not forming a part of distribution networks and with the following characteristics:
——rated supply voltage not exceeding 1,000 V a.c.;
——rated supply frequency not exceeding 500 Hz;
and complying with the following values, unless otherwise specified in the other parts of GB 19212:
no-load output voltage or a rated output voltage for both independent and associated transformers not exceeding 15 kV a.c., and for independent transformers, a rated output voltage not less than 50 V a.c.
rated output not exceeding the following values:
——1 kVA for single-phase transformers;
——2 kvar for single-phase reactors;
——5 kVA for poly-phase transformers;
——10 kvar for poly-phase reactors.
Note 2: separating transformers are used where double or reinforced insulation between circuits is not required by the installation rules or by the appliance specification.
Note 3: normally, the transformers of type b) are intended to be associated with the equipment to provide voltages different from the supply voltage for the functional requirements of the equipment. The protection against electric shock may be provided or completed by other features of the equipment, such as the body. Parts of output circuits may be connected to the input circuit or to the protective earth.
c) Stationary or portable, single-phase or polyphase, air-cooled (natural or forced), independent or associated power supplies and switch mode power supplies incorporating one or more transformer(s) of type a) or b), not forming a part of distribution networks and with the following characteristics:
——rated supply voltage not exceeding 1,000 V a.c.;
——rated supply frequency not exceeding 500 Hz;
——internal operational frequency for power supplies not exceeding 500 Hz and for switch mode power supplies not exceeding 100 MHz;
and with the following values, unless otherwise specified in the other parts of GB 19212:
for power supplies and switch mode power supplies incorporating isolating transformers:
——rated output for single- phase or polyphase power supplies or switch mode power supplies not exceeding 1 kVA;
——no-load output voltage and the rated output voltage exceeding 50 V a.c. or 120 V ripple- free d.c., and not exceeding 500 V a.c. or 708 V ripple- free d.c., or 1,000 V a.c. or 1,000 V ripple- free d.c. to be in accordance with national wiring rules or for a special application;
for power supplies and switch mode power supplies incorporating safety isolating transformers:
——rated output for single- phase or polyphase power supplies and switch mode power supplies not exceeding 1 kVA;
——no-load output voltage and rated output voltage not exceeding 50 V a.c. or 120 V ripple- free d.c. between conductors, or between any conductor and protective earth.
Note 4: power supplies and switch mode power supplies incorporating isolating or safety isolating transformers are used where double or reinforced insulation between circuits is required by the installation rules or by the appliance specification (for example toys, bells, portable tools, handlamps).
for power supplies and switch mode power supplies incorporating separating transformers, auto-transformers, and variable transformers:
——rated output for single-phase or polyphase power supplies and switch mode power supplies not exceeding 1 kVA;
——no-load output voltage and rated output voltage for both, independent and associated transformers not exceeding 15 kV a.c., and for independent transformers, a rated output voltage not less than 50 V a.c.;
Note 5: power supplies and switch mode power supplies incorporating separating transformers are used where double or reinforced insulation between circuits is not required by the installation rules or by the appliance specification.
d) This part is also applicable to tw-marked transformers with a rated output not exceeding 1,000 VA and where the tw-temperature does not exceed 140 ℃ (tw 140). However, tw -marking of transformers is optional.
This part also applies to transformers, power supplies, switch mode power supplies, and reactors incorporating electronic circuits.
This part does not apply to external circuits and their components intended to be connected to the input and output terminals or socket-outlets of the transformers, power supplies and switch mode power supplies, and reactors.
Note 6: attention is drawn to the following:
——for transformers intended to be used in vehicles, on board ships, and aircraft, additional requirements (from other applicable standards, national rules, etc...) may be necessary;
——measures to protect the enclosure and the components inside the enclosure against external influences like fungus, vermin, termites, solar-radiation, and icing shall also be considered;
——the different conditions for transportation, storage, and operation of the transformers shall also be considered;
——additional requirements in accordance with other appropriate standards and national rules may be applicable to transformers intended for use in special environments, such as tropical environment.
Note 7: future technological development of transformers may necessitate a need to increase the upper limit of the frequencies; until then this part may be used as a guidance document.
2 Normative References
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part. For dated reference, subsequent amendments to (excluding correction to), or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, the parties to agreements based on this part are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies.
GB 1002-1996 Single Phase Plugs and Socket-outlets for Household and Similar Purposes - Types, Basic Parameters and Dimensions
GB 1094.1 Power Transformers - Part 1: General(GB 1094.1-1996, eqv IEC 60076-1: 1993)
GB/T 2423.2-2001 Environmental Testing for Electric and Electronic Products - Part 2: Test Methods - Test B: Dry Heat(idt IEC 60068-2-2: 1974)
GB/T 2423.8-1995 Environmental Testings for Electric and Electronic Products - Part 2: Test Methods - Test Ed: Free Fall(idt IEC 60068-2-32: 1990)
GB/T 2423.55-2006 Environmental Testing for Electric and Electronic Products -Part 2: Test methods-Test Eh: Hammer Tests(IEC 60068-2-75: 1997, IDT)
GB/T 4074.3-1999 Winding Wires - Test Methods - Part 3: Mechanical Properties(idt IEC 60851-3: 1996)
GB/T 4074.5-1999 Winding Wires - Test Methods - Part 5: Electrical Properties(idt IEC 60851-5: 1996)
GB/T 4074.6-1999 Winding Wires - Test Methods - Part 6: Thermal Properties(idt IEC 60851-6: 1996)
GB/T 4207-2003 Method for Determining the Comparative and the Proof Tracking Indices of Solid Insulating Materials under Moist Conditions (idt IEC 60112: 1979)
GB 4208-2008 Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosure (IP Code) (IEC 60529: 2001, IDT)
GB/T 12113-2003 Methods of Measurement of Touch Current and Protective Conductor Current(IEC 60990: 1999, IDT)
GB 15092.1-2003 Switches for Appliances - Part 1: General Requirements(IEC 61058-1: 2000, IDT)
GB/T 16935.1-1997 Insulation Coordination for Equipment within Low-voltage Systems - Part 1: Principles, Requirements and Tests (idt IEC 60664-1: 1992)
GB/T 16935.3-2005 Insulation Coordination for Equipment within Low-voltage Systems - Part 3: Use of Coating, Potting or Moulding for Protection Against Pollution(IEC 60664-3: 2003, IDT)
GB/T 17045-2006 Protection Against Electric Shock - Common Aspects for Installation and Equipment (IEC 61140: 2001, IDT)
GB/T 18379-2001 Voltage Bands for Electrical Installations of Buildings(idt IEC 60449: 1973)
Foreword i
Introduction iv
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terminologies and Definitions
4 General Requirements
5 General Notes on Tests
6 Ratings
7 Classification
8 Marking and Other Information
9 Protection against Electric Shock
10 Change of Input Voltage Setting
11 Output Voltage and Output Current under Load
12 No-load Output Voltage
13 Short-circuit Voltage
14 Heating
15 Short Circuit and Overload Protection
16 Mechanical Strength
17 Protection against Harmful Ingress of Dust, Solid Objects and Moisture
18 Insulation Resistance, Dielectric Strength and Leakage Current
19 Construction
20 Components
21 Internal Wiring
22 Supply Connection and Other External Flexible Cables or Cords
23 Terminals for External Conductors
24 Provisions for Protective Earthing
25 Screws and Connections
26 Creepage Distances, Clearances and Distances through Insulation
27 Resistance to Heat, Fire and Tracking
28 Resistance to Rusting
Appendix A (Normative) Measurement of Creepage Distances and Clearances
Appendix B (Normative) Testing a Series of Transformers
Appendix C (Normative) Creepage Distances (cr), Clearances (cl) and Distances through Insulation (dti)
Appendix D (Normative) Creepage Distances (cr), Clearances (cl) and Distances through Insulation (dti)
Appendix E (Normative) Glow-wire Test
Appendix F (Normative) Requirements for Manually Operated Switches which are Parts of Transformers Assembly
Appendix G (Normative) Tracking Test
Appendix H (Normative) Electronic Circuits
Appendix I (void)
Appendix J (Normative) Measuring Network for Touch Currents
Appendix K (Normative) Insulated Winding Wires for Use as Multiple Layer Insulation
Appendix L (Normative) Routine Tests (production tests)
Appendix M (Informative) Examples to be Used as a Guide for 19.1
Appendix N
(Informative)
Examples of Points of Application of Test Voltages
Appendix O (void)
Appendix P (Informative) Examples of Points of Measurement of Creepage Distances and Clearances
Appendix Q (Informative) Explanation of IP Numbers for Degrees of Protection
Appendix R (Normative) Explanations of the Application of 4.1.1.2.1 of GB/T 16935.1-1997
Appendix S (void)
Appendix T (void)
Appendix U (Informative) Optional tw–Marking of Transformers
Appendix V (Informative) Symbols to be Used for Thermal Cut-outs
Appendix W (Normative) Coated Printed Circuit Boards
Bibliography
