GB/T 8013 Anodic oxide coatings and organic polymer coatings on aluminium and its alloys is divided into three parts:
——Part 1: Anodic oxide coatings;
——Part 2: Combined coatings;
——Part 3: Organic polymer coatings.
This is Part 1 of GB/T 8013.
This part is drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This part replaces GB/T 8013.1-2007 Anodic oxide coatings and organic polymer coatings on aluminium and its alloys—Part 1: Anodic oxide coatings
In addition to editorial changes, the following technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 8013.1-2007:
——The applicable “scope” of this part is modified (see Clause 1; Clause 1 of 2007 Edition);
——The “normative references” are modified (see Clause 2; Clause 2 of 2007 Edition);
——The introduction to “terms and definitions” is modified (see Clause 3; Clause 3 of 2007 Edition);
——The definitions of “anodic oxide coatings”, “anodic aluminium oxide and aluminium alloy”, “uncolored anodic oxide coatings”, “colored anodic oxide coatings”, “anodic oxide coatings for construction use”, “hole sealing”, “effective surface”, “local coating thickness”, “minimum local coating thickness” and “average coating thickness” are deleted (see 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13 and 3.14 of 2007 Edition);
——The “classification” is added (see Clause 4);
——The performance requirements for “appearance” are modified (see 5.1; 4.1 of 2007 Edition);
——The “color and color difference” is modified to “color difference” (see 5.2; 4.2 of 2007 Edition);
——The performance requirements and test methods for “color difference” are modified (see 5.2 and 6.2; 4.2 and 5.2 of 2007 Edition);
——The performance requirements and test methods for “coating thickness” are modified (see 5.3 and 6.3; 4.3 and 5.3 of 2007 Edition);
——The performance requirements for “surface density” are modified (see 5.4; 4.13 of 2007 Edition);
——The performance requirements and test methods for “hole sealing quality” are modified (see 5.5 and 6.5; 4.4 and 5.4 of 2007 Edition);
——The performance requirements and test methods for “hardness” are added (see 5.6 and 6.6);
——In “abrasive resistance”, the performance requirements of abrasive blasting method are modified, and the performance requirements and test methods for falling abrasive method and wheel grinding method are modified; the performance requirements and test methods for TABER abrasive resistance method, ROSLER vibration grinding method and CLARKE abrasive paper grinding method are added (see 5.7 and 6.7; 4.6, 5.6.1 and 5.6.3 of 2007 Edition);
——The performance requirements and test methods for “environmental corrosion resistance” are added (see 5.9 and 6.9);
——The performance requirements and test methods for “chemical resistance” are added (see 5.10 and 6.10);
——The salt spray resistance in the “corrosion resistance” is incorporated into the “environmental corrosion resistance”; the alkali resistance in the “corrosion resistance” is incorporated into the “chemical resistance” (see 5.9 and 5.10; 4.5 of 2007 Edition);
——The performance requirements and test methods for “temperature and humidity resistance” are added (see 5.11 and 6.11);
——The “thermal crack resistance” is incorporated into the “temperature and humidity resistance” (see 5.11; 4.8 of 2007 Edition);
——The performance requirements and test methods for “natural weather resistance” are modified (see 5.12.1 and 6.12.1; 4.9.1 and 5.9.1 of 2007 Edition);
——The performance requirements and test methods for “accelerated weather resistance of xenon lamp” are modified (see 5.12.2 and 6.12.2.1; 4.9.2.1 and 5.9.2.1 of 2007 Edition);
——In the “accelerated weather resistance”, the “resistance to artificial light (xenon lamp)” is modified to “accelerated weather resistance of xenon lamp” (see 5.12.2; 4.9.2.1 of 2007 Edition);
——The performance requirements and test methods for “light reflection” are deleted (see 4.10 and 5.10 of 2007 Edition);
——The performance requirements and test methods for “insulation” are deleted (see 4.11 and 5.11 of 2007 Edition);
——The performance requirements and test methods for “continuity” are deleted (see 4.12 and 5.12 of 2007 Edition);
——The test methods for “appearance” are modified (see 6.1; 5.1 of 2007 Edition);
——The “inspection rules” are modified (see clause 7; clause 6 of 2007 Edition);
——Annex A (Normative) “falling abrasive method” is deleted (see Annex A of 2007 Edition);
——Annex B (Normative) “test method for resistance to artificial light (xenon lamp)” is deleted (see Annex B of 2007 Edition);
—— Annex C (Informative) “guidance on preparation and application of anodic oxide coating surface” is deleted (see Annex C of 2007 Edition);
—— A test method of “determination of hole sealing quality of anodic oxide coatings by sodium molybdate phosphate method without nitric acid predip” is added (see 6.5.1 and Annex B);
—— The “determination of alkali resistance—potentiometer method” is added (see 6.10.1 and Annex C).
This part was proposed by China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association.
This part is under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee 243 on Nonferrous Metals of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 243).
The previous editions of standards replaced by this part are as follows:
——GB/T 8013-1987;
——GB/T 8013.1-2007.
Anodic oxide coatings and organic polymer coatings on aluminium and its alloys—
Part 1: Anodic oxide coatings
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 8013 specifies the terms and definitions, classification, performance requirements, test methods, inspection rules and the like for anodic oxide coatings on aluminium and aluminium alloys.
This part is applicable to anodic oxide coatings on aluminium used in the fields such as mechanical engineering, municipal administration, transportation, electrical, packaging, construction, decoration, etc.
This part is not applicable to non-porous barrier anodic oxide coatings, anodic oxide coatings produced in chromic acid solution and anodic oxide coatings used as organic coatings or metallic undercoat.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 250 Textiles—Tests for color fastness—Grey scale for assessing change in color
GB/T 1865-2009 Paints and varnishes—Artificial weathering and exposure to artificial radiation—Exposure to filtered xenon-arc radiation
GB/T 2423.51 Environmental testing—Part 2: Test methods—Test Ke: Flowing mixed gas corrosion test
GB/T 6461 Methods for corrosion testing of metallic and other inorganic coatings on metallic substrates—Rating of test specimens and manufactured articles subjected to corrosion tests
GB/T 6682 Water for analytical laboratory use—Specification and test methods
GB/T 8005.3 Aluminium of aluminium alloys—Terms and definitions—Part 3: Surface treatment terms
GB/T 8014.1 Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys—The measuring method of thickness of anodic oxide coatings—Part 1: The measuring principle
GB/T 8014.2 Anodizing of Aluminium and Its Alloys—The Measuring Method of Thickness of Anodic Oxide Coatings—Part 2: Mass-loss Method
GB/T 8170 Rules of rounding off for numerical values & expression and judgement of limiting values
GB/T 8753.1 Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys—Assessment of quality of sealed anodic oxidation coatings—Part 1: Measurement of the loss of mass after immersion in acid solution(s)
GB/T 8753.3 Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys—Assessment of quality of sealed anodic oxidation coatings—Part 3: Admittance
GB/T 8753.4 Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys—Assessment of quality of sealed anodic oxide coatings—Part 4: Dye spot test with prior acid treatment
GB/T 9789 Metallic and other non-organic coatings—Sulfur dioxide test with general condensation of moisture
GB/T 9790 Metallic and related coatings—Vickers and knoop microhardness tests
GB/T 10125 Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres—Salt spray tests
GB/T 11112 Non-ferrous metals atmospheric corrosion testing method
GB/T 12967.1 Test methods for anodic oxidation coatings of aluminium and aluminium alloys—Part1: Measurement of mean specific abrasion resistance of anodic oxidation coatings with an abrasive jet test apparatus
GB/T 12967.2 Test methods for anodic oxidation coatings of aluminium and aluminium alloys—Part 2: Measurement of wear resistance and wear index of anodic oxidation coatings with an abrasive wheel wear test apparatus
GB/T 12967.3 Test Methods for anodic oxidation coatings of aluminium and aluminium alloys—Part 3: Copper accelerated acetic acid salt spray test (CASS test)
GB/T 12967.4 Test methods for anodic oxidation coatings of aluminium and aluminium alloys—Part 4: Determination of the comparative fastness to ultraviolet light and heat of coloured anodic oxidation coatings
GB/T 12967.5 Test methods for anodic oxidation coatings of aluminium and aluminium alloys—Part 5: Assessment of resistance of anodic oxidation coatings to cracking by deformation
GB/T 12967.6 Test Methods for anodic oxidation coatings of aluminium and aluminium alloys—Part 6: Determination of color differences and appearance of colored anodic oxide films by viewing method
GB/T 12967.7 Test methods for anodic oxidation coatings of aluminium and aluminium alloys—Part 7: Measurement of abrasion resistance of anodic oxidation coatings by sand falling test apparatus
GB/T 18911-2002 Thin-film terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules—Design qualification and type approval
GB/T 20854 Corrosion of metals and alloys—Accelerated testing involving cyclic exposure to salt mist “dry” and “wet” condition
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 8005.3 and the following apply.
3.1
dyed anodic coating
Anodic oxide coatings colored by adsorbing dye or pigment in pore structure
3.2
bright anodizing
Anodizing characterized by high specular reflectance
3.3
protective anodizing
Anodizing with corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance as its main features and appearance as secondary or unimportant features
3.4
decorative anodic coating
Anodic oxide coatings characterized by uniform and beautiful appearance
4 Classification
4.1 See Table 1 for the coating codes, surface treatment methods and typical application of anodic oxide coatings.
Table 1 Coating codes, surface treatment methods and typical application of anodic oxide coatings
Coating code a Surface treatment methods a Typical application Remarks
AA3 Anodizing Ornaments, reflector In the coating code:
“AA” represents the normal anodizing category;
“HA” represents the hard anodizing category;
The digit after “AA” or “HA” represents the limits of the minimum average thickness of anodic oxide coatings
AA5 Anodizing; anodizing + electrolytic coloring b; anodizing + dyeing b Ornaments, decorative materials, household appliances, lighting appliances, furniture, climbing appliances, tea cans, umbrella skeletons, nameplates, toys
AA10, AA15, AA20, AA25, AA30 Anodizing; anodizing + electrolytic coloring b; anodizing + dyeing b Rail transit platform screen doors, car sunroof guides, car luggage racks, car pedals, building and decorative materials, elevators, solar frames, household appliances, lighting appliances, motor housing, instruments, 3D printers, intelligent automation components, furniture, ornaments, umbrella skeletons, stationery, luggage, electronic product holders, sports & entertainment products
HA40 Hard anodizing Textile machinery, medical device, valves, sliders, gears, pistons
a The coating thickness and surface treatment methods have a great impact on the coating performance.
b The weather resistance of the colored coating is superior to that of the dyed coating, while the latter has more colors than the former.
4.2 See Table 2 for pretreatment codes and types of anodic oxide coatings.
Table 2 Pretreatment codes and types of anodic oxide coatings
Pretreatment codes Pretreatment type Description
E0 Degreasing and deoxidation Before anodizing, only the surface is degreased and deoxidized, and mechanical marks such as nicks and scratches are still visible. Corroded surfaces that are difficult to see before treatment are visible after treatment.
E1 Grinding Grinding will lead to a relatively uniform but matte surface. The treatment can remove most surface defects, and the treatment effect is determined by the roughness of the grinding material, with grinding marks on the surface.
E2 Brushing Mechanical brushing will lead to a uniform and bright surface with brush marks. Only some surface defects may be removed
E3 Polishing Mechanical polishing will lead to a glossy surface, but only some surface defects may be removed.
E4 Grinding and brushing Grinding and brushing may lead to a uniform and bright surface, and mechanical surface defects may be removed. This treatment may remove corrosion, but E0 or E6 treatment may cause corrosion to be visible.
E5 Grinding and polishing Grinding and polishing may lead to a smooth and glossy surface, and mechanical surface defects may be removed. This treatment may remove corrosion, but E0 or E6 treatment may cause corrosion to be visible.
E6 Chemical etching After degreasing, it may be treated in a special alkaline etching solution to obtain a smooth or matte surface. Mechanical surface defects may be eased somewhat, which, however, may not be completely removed. This treatment may cause corrosion on the metal surface to be visible. Mechanical pretreatment before etching may remove corrosion, but it is better to correctly handle and store materials to prevent corrosion.
E7 Chemical or electrochemical polishing After degreasing, the surface is placed in a steam degreasing machine or a non-etching cleaning machine and treated by a special chemical or electrochemical brightening process to obtain a very bright surface. This treatment may only remove a small amount of surface defects, and corrosion may be visible.
E8 Grinding, polishing and chemical or electrochemical polishing After grinding and polishing, chemical or electrochemical brightening is performed. The treatment may lead to a smooth and bright surface, and mechanical defects and initial corrosion on the surface may be removed in general.
5 Performance requirements
5.1 Appearance
The appearance shall be uniform and consistent. No defects such as corrosion, pits and inclusions are allowed. Other requirements shall be determined according to the sample plate agreed between the supplier and the purchaser.
5.2 Color difference
Color difference shall be determined according to the color palette agreed between the supplier and the purchaser.
5.3 Coating thickness
The average thickness and local thickness of anodic oxide coatings shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 3.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Classification
5 Performance requirements
6 Test methods
7 Inspection rules
Annex A (Normative) Measurement instructions of average coating thickness and local coating thickness
Annex B (Normative) Determination of hole sealing quality of anodic oxide coatings by sodium molybdate phosphate method without nitric acid predip
Annex C (Informative) Determination of alkali resistance—potentiometer method
