Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Radiated disturbance measuring antenna and test site
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 6113 specifies the characteristics and performance of equipment for the measurement of radiated disturbances in the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz. Specifications for antennas and test sites are included.
Note: in accordance with IEC Guide 107, CISPR 16-1-1 is a basic EMC publication for use by product committees of the IEC. As stated in Guide 107, product committees are responsible for determining the applicability of the EMC standard. CISPR and its sub-committees (corresponding to Technical Committee SAC/TC 79 and its sub-committees in China) are prepared to co-operate with product committees in the evaluation of the value of particular tests for specific products. The above product committees correspond to the relevant product technical committees in China.
The requirements of this publication apply at all frequencies and for all levels of radiated disturbances within the CISPR indicating range of the measuring equipment.
Methods of radiated disturbance measurement are covered in GB/T 6113.203, and further information on radio disturbance is given in GB/Z 6113.3. Uncertainties, statistics and limit modeling are covered in Part 4 of GB/T 6113.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 4365-2003 Electrotechnical terminology - Electromagnetic compatibility [IEC 60050(161): 1990+A1: 1997+A2: 1998, IDT]
GB/T 6113.101-2016 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus (CISPR 16-1-1: 2010+A1: 2010, IDT)
GB/T 6113.105-2008 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-5: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Antenna calibration test sites for 30MHz to 1000MHz (CISPR 16-1-5: 2003, IDT)
GB/T 6113.203-2016 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 2-3: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity - Radiated disturbance measurements (CISPR 16-2-3: 2010, IDT)
GB/T 17626.20-2014 Electromagnetic compatibility - Part 4-20: Testing and measurement techniques - Emission and immunity testing in transverse electromagnetic (TEM) waveguide (IEC 61000-4-20: 2010, IDT)
CISPR/TR 16-3: 2003+
A1: 2005+A2: 2006 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 3: CISPR technical reports
CISPR 16-4-2 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling - Measurement instrumentation uncertainty
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions and abbreviations apply, as well as those of GB/T 6113.101-2016, GB/T 6113.105-2008 and GB/T 4365-2003.
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
antenna
that part of a transmitting or receiving system that is designed to transmit or to receive electromagnetic waves in a specified way
Note 1: In the context of this standard, the balun is a part of the antenna.
Note 2: This term covers various devices such as the wire antenna, free-space-resonant dipole, hybrid antenna and horn antenna.
3.1.2
balun
passive electrical network for the transformation from a balanced to an unbalanced transmission line or device or vice versa
3.1.3
calibration test site; CALTS
open area test site with metallic ground plane and tightly specified site attenuation performance in horizontal and vertical E-field (electric field) polarization
Note 1: A CALTS is used for determining the free-space antenna factor of an antenna.
Note 2: Site attenuation measurements of a CALTS are used for comparison to corresponding site attenuation measurements of a compliance test site, in order to evaluate the performance of the compliance test site.
3.1.4
common mode absorption device; CMAD
device that may be applied on cables leaving the test volume in radiated emission measurements to reduce the compliance uncertainty
3.1.5
compliance test site; COMTS
environment that assures valid, repeatable measurement results of the disturbance field strength from EUT for comparison to a compliance limit
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.2 Abbreviations
4 Antennas for measurement of radiated radio disturbance
4.1 General
4.2 Physical parameter for radiated emission measurements
4.3 Frequency range 9 kHz to 150 kHz
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Magnetic antenna
4.3.3 Shielding of loop antenna
4.4 Frequency range 150 kHz to 30 MHz
4.4.1 Electric antenna
4.4.2 Magnetic antenna
4.4.3 Balance/cross-polar performance of antennas
4.5 Frequency range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz
4.5.1 General
4.5.2 Low-uncertainty antenna for use if there is an alleged non-compliance to the E-field limit
4.5.3 Antenna characteristics
4.5.4 Balance of antenna
4.5.5 Cross-polar response of antenna
4.6 Frequency range 1 GHz to 18 GHz
4.7 Special antenna arrangements – loop antenna system
5 Test sites for measurement of radio disturbance field strength for the frequency range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz
5.1 General
5.2 OATS
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Weather protection enclosure
5.2.3 Obstruction-free area
5.2.4 Ambient radio frequency environment of a test site
5.2.5 Ground plane
5.3 Suitability of other test sites
5.3.1 Other ground-plane test sites
5.3.2 Test sites without ground plane (FAR)
5.4 Test site validation
5.4.1 General
5.4.2 Overview of test site validations
5.4.3 Principles and values of the NSA method for OATS and SAC
5.4.4 Reference site method for OATS and SAC
5.4.5 Validation of an OATS by the NSA method
5.4.6 Validation of a weather-protection-enclosed OATS or a SAC
5.4.7 Site validation for FARs
5.5 Evaluation of set-up table and antenna tower
5.5.1 General
5.5.2 Evaluation procedure for set-up table and antenna tower influences
6 Reverberating chamber for total radiated power measurement
6.1 General
6.2 Chamber
6.2.1 Chamber size and shape
6.2.2 Door, openings in walls, and mounting brackets
6.2.3 Stirrers
6.2.4 Test for the efficiency of the stirrers
6.2.5 Coupling attenuation
7 TEM cells for immunity to radiated disturbance measurement
8 Test sites for measurement of radio disturbance field strength for the frequency range 1 GHz to 18 GHz
8.1 General
8.2 Reference test site
8.3 Validation of the test site
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 Acceptance criterion for site validation
8.3.3 Site validation procedures - Evaluation of SVSWR
8.4 Alternative test sites
9 Common mode absorption devices
9.1 General
9.2 CMAD S-parameter measurements
9.3 CMAD test jig
9.4 Measurement method using the TRL calibration
9.5 Specification of ferrite clamp-type CMAD
9.6 CMAD performance (degradation) check using spectrum analyzer and tracking generator
Annex A (Normative) Parameters of antennas
Annex B (Normative) Monopole (1 m rod) antenna performance equations and characterization of the associated antenna matching network
Annex C (Normative) Loop antenna system for magnetic field induced-current measurements in the frequency range of 9 kHz to 30 MHz
Annex D (Normative) Construction details for open area test sites (OATS) in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz (see Clause 5)
Annex E
Annex F (Informative) Basis for 4 dB site acceptability criterion
Annex G (Informative) Examples of uncertainty budgets for site validation of a COMTS using RSM
Bibliography
Figure 1 Schematic of radiation from EUT reaching an LPDA antenna directly and via ground reflections on a 3 m site, showing the half beamwidth, ϕ, at the reflected ray
Figure 2 Obstruction-free area of a test site with a turntable (see 5.2.3)
Figure 3 Obstruction-free area with stationary EUT (see 5.2.3)
Figure 4 Configuration of equipment for measuring site attenuation in horizontal polarization
Figure 5 Configuration of equipment for measuring site attenuation in vertical polarization
Figure 6 Test point locations for 3 m test distance
Figure 7 Paired test point locations for all test distances
Figure 8 Example of paired test point selection for a test distance of 10 m
Figure 9 Illustration of an investigation of influence of antenna mast on AAPR
Figure 10 Typical antenna positions for a weather-protected OATS or a SAC – Vertical polarization validation measurements
Figure 11 Typical antenna positions for a weather-protected OATS or a SAC – Horizontal polarization validation measurements
Figure 12 Typical antenna positions for a weather-protected OATS or a SAC – Vertical polarization validation measurements for a smaller EUT (EUT does not exceed a volume of 1 m depth, 1.5 m width, 1.5 m height, with the periphery greater than 1 m from the closest material that may cause undesirable reflections)
Figure 13 Typical antenna positions for a weather-protected OATS or a SAC – Horizontal polarization validation measurements for a smaller EUT (EUT does not exceed a volume of 1 m depth, 1.5 m width, 1.5 m height, with the periphery greater than 1 m from the closest material that may cause undesirable reflections)
Figure 14 Measurement positions for FAR site validation
Figure 15 Example of one measurement position and antenna tilt for FAR site validation
Figure 16 Typical quasi free-space reference SA measurement set-up
Figure 17 Theoretical free-space NSA as a function of frequency for different measurement distances [see Equation (18)]
Figure 18 Position of the antenna relative to the edge above a rectangle set-up table (top view)
Figure 19 Antenna position above the set-up table (side view)
Figure 20 Example of a typical paddle stirrer
Figure 21 Range of coupling attenuation as a function of frequency for a chamber using the stirrer shown in Figure 20
Figure 22 Transmitting antenna E-plane radiation pattern example
Figure 23 Transmitting antenna H-plane radiation pattern
Figure 24 SVSWR measurement positions in a horizontal plane
Figure 25 SVSWR positions (height requirements)
Figure 26 Conditional test position requirements
Figure 27 Definition of the reference planes inside the test jig
Figure 28 The four configurations for the TRL calibration
Figure 29 Limits for the magnitude of S11, measured according to provisions of 9.1 to 9.3
Figure 30 Example of a 50 Ω adaptor construction in the vertical flange of the jig
Figure 31 Example of a matching adaptor with balun or transformer
Figure 32 Example of a matching adaptor with resistive matching network
Figure A.1 Short dipole antenna factors for RL=50 Ω
Figure B.1 Method using network analyzer
Figure B.2 Method using measuring receiver and signal generator
Figure B.3 Example of capacitor mounting in dummy antenna
Figure C.1 The loop-antenna system, consisting of three mutually perpendicular large-loop antennas
Figure C.2 A large-loop antenna containing two opposite slits, positioned symmetrically with respect to the current probe
Figure C.3 Construction of the antenna slit
Figure C.4 Example of antenna-slit construction using a strap of printed circuit board to obtain a rigid construction
Figure C.5 Construction for the metal box containing the current probe
Figure C.6 Example showing the routing of several cables from an EUT to ensure that there is no capacitive coupling from the leads to the loop
Figure C.7 The eight positions of the balun-dipole during validation of the large-loop antenna
Figure C.8 Validation factor for a large loop-antenna of 2 m diameter
Figure C.9 Construction of the balun-dipole
Figure C.10 Conversion factors CdA [for conversion into dB(µA/m)] and CdV [for conversion into dB(µV/m)] for two standardized measuring distances d
Figure C.11 Sensitivity SD of a large-loop antenna with diameter D relative to a large-loop antenna having a diameter of 2m
Figure D.1 The Rayleigh criterion for roughness in the ground plane
Table 1 Site validation methods applicable for OATS, OATS-based, SAC and FAR site types
Table 2 Theoretical NSA, AN (recommended geometries for tuned half-wave dipoles, with horizontal polarization)
Table 3 Theoretical NSA, AN (recommended geometries for tuned half-wave dipoles, with vertical polarization)
Table 4 Theoretical NSA, ANa (recommended geometries for broadband antennas, with vertical and horizontal polarizations)
Table 5 Mutual impedance correction factors for NSA test (using tuned half-wave dipoles spaced 3 m apart)
Table 6 Example template for AAPR data
Table 7 RSM frequency steps
Table 8 Maximum dimensions of test volume versus test distance
Table 9 Frequency ranges and step sizes for FAR site validation
Table 10 SVSWR test position designations
Table 11 SVSWR reporting requirements
Table D.1 Maximum roughness for 3 m, 10 m and 30 m measurement distances
Table F.1 Error budger
Table G.1 Antenna pair reference site attenuation calibration using the averaging technique
Table G.2 Antenna pair reference site attenuation calibration using REFTS
Table G.3 COMTS validation using an antenna pair reference site attenuation
