Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engines―Radio disturbance characteristics―Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of off-board receivers
Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engines—Radio disturbance characteristics—Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of off-board receivers
1 Scope
The limits in this document are designed to provide protection for broadcast receivers in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 1,000 MHz when used in the residential environment. Compliance with this document may not provide adequate protection for new types of radio transmissions or receivers used in the residential environment nearer than 10m to the vehicle, boat or device.
Note 1: Experience has shown that compliance with this document may provide satisfactory protection for receivers of other types of transmissions when used in the residential environment, including radio transmissions in frequency ranges other than that specified.
This document is applicable to the emission of electromagnetic energy which may cause interference to radio reception.
The emission is from:
a) vehicles propelled by an internal combustion engine, electrical means or both (see 3.1);
b) boats propelled by an internal combustion engine, electrical means or both (see 3.2). Boats are to be tested in the same manner as vehicles except where they have unique characteristics as explicitly stated in this document;
c) devices equipped with internal combustion engines or traction batteries (see 3.3).
See Annex G for a flow chart to determine the applicability of this document.
This document does not apply to aircrafts, household appliances, traction systems (railway, tramway and electric trolley bus), or to incomplete vehicles. In the case of a dual-mode trolley bus (e.g., propelled by power from either AC/DC mains or an internal combustion engine), the internal combustion propulsion system shall be included, but the AC/DC mains portion of the vehicle propulsion system shall be excluded from this document.
Note 2: Protection of receivers used on board is covered by GB/T 18655-2018.
The measurement of electromagnetic disturbances while the vehicle is connected to power mains for charging is not covered in this document. The user is referred to appropriate standards which define measurement methods and limits for this condition.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute indispensable provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 4365-2003 Electrotechnical terminology—Electromagnetic compatibility (IEC 60050-161: 1990, IDT)
GB/T 6113.101-2016 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods—Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus—Measuring apparatus (CISPR-16-1-1: 2010, IDT)
GB/T 6113.103-2021 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods—Part 1-3: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus—Ancillary equipment—Disturbances power (CISPR-16-1-3: 2016, IDT)
GB/T 6113.104-2016 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods—Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus—Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements (CISPR 16-1-4: 2012, IDT)
GB/T 6113.203-2020 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods—Part 2-3: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity—Radiated disturbance measurements (CISPR16-2-3: 2016, IDT)
GB/T 18655-2018 Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engines—Radio disturbance characteristics—Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of on-board receivers (CISPR 25: 2016, MOD)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 4365-2003 and the following apply.
3.1
vehicle
machine operating on land which is intended to carry persons or goods
Note: Vehicles include, but are not limited to, cars, trucks, buses, mopeds, agricultural machinery, earth-moving machinery, material-handling equipment, mining equipment, floor treatment machines and snowmobiles.
3.2
boat
boat intended to be used on the surface of water, its length being no greater than 15m
3.3
device
machine driven by an internal combustion engine which is not primarily intended to carry persons or goods
Note: Devices include, but are not limited to, chainsaws, irrigation pumps, snow blowers, air compressors, walkbehind floor treatment machines and landscaping equipment.
3.4
impulsive ignition noise
unwanted emission of electromagnetic energy, predominantly impulsive in content, arising from the ignition system within a vehicle, boat or device
3.5
ignition noise suppressor
that portion of a high-voltage ignition circuit intended to limit the emission of impulsive ignition noise
3.6
outdoor test site; OTS
measurement site similar to an open area test site as specified in GB/T 6113, however a ground plane is not required and there are dimensional changes
Note: Specific requirements are defined in this document.
3.7
resistive distributor brush
resistive pick-up brush in an ignition distributor cap
3.8
frequency sub-band
segment of the frequency spectrum (30 MHz to 1,000 MHz) defined to enable statistical evaluation of the test data acquired by swept frequency testing
3.9
representative frequency
assigned frequency of a frequency sub-band to be used for comparison of the data to the limit
3.10
characteristic level
controlling (or dominant) emission level experienced in each frequency sub-band. The characteristic level is the maximum measurement obtained for both antenna polarizations and for all the specified measurement positions of the vehicle, boat or device (the known ambient signals are not considered part of the characteristic level)
3.11
tracking generator
test signal oscillator (continuous wave) that is frequency locked to the receive frequency of a measuring instrument
3.12
RF disturbance power
RF power measured with a current transformer of an absorbing clamp and an RF measuring instrument. It may be measured – as the RF disturbance voltage – in a peak or quasi-peak mode
3.13
spark discharge
discharge of energy stored in the ignition coil, in an arc across the electrodes of a measuring spark-plug
3.14
resistive high-voltage (HV) ignition cable
ignition cable whose conductor has a high resistance (attenuation)
3.15
residential environment
environment having a 10m protection distance between the source and the point of radio reception and where the source uses the public low voltage power system or battery power
Note: Examples of a residential environment include rooming houses, private dwellings, entertainment halls, theaters, schools, public streets, etc.
3.16
traction batteries
high power batteries used for electric vehicle traction applications
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Limits of disturbance
4.1 Determination of compliance of vehicle/boat/device with limits
4.2 Peak and quasi-peak detector limits
4.3 Average detector limit
5 Methods of measurement
5.1 Measuring instrument
5.2 Measuring site requirements
5.3 Test conditions
5.4 Data collection
6 Evaluation method
6.1 General
6.2 Application of limit curves
6.3 Evaluation (general)
6.4 Type approval test
6.5 Surveillance (quality audit) of series production
6.6 Quick prototype check for development testing (optional, quasi-peak detector emissions only)
Annex A (Normative) Statistical analysis of the measurement results
Annex B (Normative) Procedure to determine an alternative emission limit for measurements at a distance of 3m from the antenna
Annex C (Informative) Maintenance and characterization of antenna and transmission line
Annex D (Informative) Construction features of motor vehicles affecting the ignition noise emission
Annex E (Informative) Measurement of the insertion loss of ignition noise suppressors
Annex F (Informative) Methods of measurement to determine the attenuation characteristics of ignition noise suppressors for high voltage ignition systems
Annex G (Informative) Flow chart for checking the applicability of GB 14023
Annex H (Normative) Exemption conditions for on-board intentional transmitting equipment in electromagnetic compatibility test
Bibliography
Figure 1 Method of determination of compliance
Figure 2 Limit of disturbance (peak and quasi-peak detector) at 10m antenna distance
Figure 3 Limits of disturbance (average detector) at 10m antenna distance
Figure 4 Measuring site (OTS) for vehicles and devices
Figure 5 Measuring site (OTS) for boats
Figure 6 Antenna position to measure radiated disturbance – Vertical polarization
Figure 7 Antenna position to measure radiated disturbance – Horizontal polarization
Figure B.1 Determination of the maximum antenna angle
Figure B.2 Calculation of the antenna gain reduction a
Figure C.1 Determination of alternate antenna factor (measuring distance of 10m)
Figure E.1 Test circuit
Figure E.2 General arrangement of the test box
Figure E.3 Details of the test box lid
Figure E.4 Details of the test box
Figure E.5 Straight spark-plug ignition noise suppressor (screened or unscreened)
Figure E.6 Right-angle spark-plug ignition noise suppressor (screened or unscreened)
Figure E.7 Noise suppression spark-plug
Figure E.8 Resistive distributor brush
Figure E.9 Noise suppressor in distributor cap
Figure E.10 Noise suppression distributor rotor
Figure E.11 Noise suppression ignition cable (resistive or reactive)
Figure F.1 Measurement arrangement (side view)
Figure F.2 Measurement arrangement (top view)
Figure F.3 Pressure chamber with ventilation
Figure F.4 Arrangement of a right-angle ignition noise suppressor for distributors (Top view)
Figure F.5 Location of high voltage ignition components
Figure F.6 Measuring arrangement for distributor rotors (Top view)
Figure F.7 Side view of the test arrangement for ready-to-use resistive ignition cables
Figure G.1 Flow chart of the applicability of GB 14023
Table 1 Spectrum analyzer parameters
Table 2 Scanning receiver parameters
Table 3 Internal combustion engine operating speeds
Table A.1 Statistical factors
Table A.2 Example of frequency sub-bands
Table F.1 Limits
