GB/T 45416-2025 Collision vehicle investigation and safety defect analysis guide
1 Scope
This document provides guidance on the workflows and contents of collision accident information collection, accident analysis, and vehicle safety and defect analysis.
This document is applicable to Categories M, N, and O vehicles, and may serve as a reference for other vehicles.
Note: Refer to GB/T 15089-2001 for the vehicle categories.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 7258 Technical specifications for safety of power-driven vehicles operating on roads
GB/T 31498-2021 Post crash safety requirement for electric vehicle
GB/T 34402-2017 Safety of motor vehicle product - Guidelines for risk assessment and risk control
GB/T 38892-2020 On-board driving video recording system
GB 39732-2020 Vehicle event data recorder system
GB/T 44131-2024 Post-crash safety requirement for fuel cell electric vehicle
GB 44497-2024 Intelligent and connected vehicle - Data storage system for automated driving
GA/T 642-2020 Technical inspection and appraisal for safety performance of vehicles involved in road traffic accidents
GA/T 1998-2022 Technical specifications for automobile on-board electronic data acquisition
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
accident participant
individual road user or unit involved in a road vehicle accident
Note: An individual vehicle and its occupants, as well as an individual pedestrian, are each considered an accident participant. Road infrastructure, falling objects, animals, etc., are not considered accident participants.
[Source: GB/T 39424.1-2020, 2.2]
3.2
road vehicle collision accident
unexpected event in a road traffic environment involving at least one road vehicle, resulting in property damage or casualties due to a collision
3.3
collision accident scene
specific location where a road vehicle collision accident occurs and the surrounding area
Note: Within this area, accident participants, road facilities, and other related objects may be damaged or displaced.
3.4
vehicle safety analysis
method and process of analyzing safety performance issues of vehicles during driving by organizing and conducting road vehicle collision accident investigations
3.5
defect analysis
technical analysis activity conducted by manufacturers, recall authorities, or recall technical agencies regarding the existence of defects in products
3.6
vehicle technical malfunction
failure or degradation of one or more components of a vehicle, which may result in the vehicle being unable to fulfill its intended functional requirements or compromise its safety performance
Note: These malfunctions may stem from design defects, manufacturing issues, or external factors.
3.7
vehicle functional deviation
situation where, the functions of a vehicle operate normally as designed under normal operating conditions but fail to achieve the expected effects or performance levels in actual use
3.8
degree of confidence
validity and credibility of the collected road vehicle collision accident information
4 General
4.1 The collision vehicle investigation and the safety defect analysis should follow the principles of "scientific rigor, seeking truth from facts, and comprehensive analysis".
4.2 For the purposes of collision vehicle investigation and safety defect analysis, investigation and technical analysis plan should be developed with the assistance of experts from relevant industries. During the investigation, a safe working area should be established, and it should be confirmed that the vehicle under investigation is in a safe condition. Personal safety precautions should be taken throughout the process.
4.3 When collecting information on collision accidents, emphasis shall be placed on objective data and information with high degree of confidence. During the accident analysis, technical means such as video analysis, electronic data analysis, trace comparison, experimental verification, and simulation analysis should be comprehensively used to reconstruct the accident process and conduct correlation analysis of accident causes and human injury causes.
4.4 Vehicle safety should be comprehensively analyzed and judged from the pre-collision, during-collision, and post-collision stages to determine whether the vehicle has experienced technical malfunctions, human-machine interaction faults, functional deviations, and other issues, as shown in Figure 1.
4.5 The collision vehicle investigation and safety analysis can provide investigative clues for determining whether vehicles of the same type have potential defect risks.
Contents Foreword II Introduction III 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 General 5 Collision accident information collection 6 Collision accident analysis 7 Vehicle safety and safety defect risk analysis Annex A (Informative) Collision information data collection form Annex B (Informative) Classification of accident causes Bibliography
