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The following 3 Standards, GB/T13908-1992 General requirements for solid mineral exploration, GB/T13688-1992 General requirements for detailed mineral exploration and GB/T 13687-1992 General requirements for preliminary mineral exploration, are modified according to GB/T17766-1999 Classification for resources/reserves of solid fuels and mineral commodities, and combined into GB/T13908-2002 General requirements for solid mineral exploration.
The standard will replace GB/T13908-1992, GB/T13688-1992 and GB/T13687-1992 from the implementation date of this standard.
The Appendix A of the standard is normative; Appendix B and Appendix C are informative.
This national standard was proposed by Ministry of State Land and Resources.
This national standard is under the jurisdiction of National Geology and Mineral Standardization Technical Committee.
This national standard was drafted by: the Mineral Resources and Reserves Evaluation Center of MLR, Consultation and Research Center, Review Center, State Non-Ferrous Metal Industry Bureau and State Petroleum and Chemical Industry Bureau.
This national standard was drafted by the following persons: Shao Juenian, Yan Tiexiong, Bin Dezhi, Zhang Wenhai, Deng Shande, Tian Shaodong, Wang Bingquan and Gan Xianping.
The Mineral Resources and Reserves Evaluation Center of MLR is responsible for the explanation of this standard.
General requirements for solid mineral exploration
固体矿产地质勘查规范总则
1. Scope
The national standard specifies the purpose and task of solid mineral exploration, exploration work and feasible appraisal work, mineral resources / reserves type condition, mineral resources / reserve estimation, etc.
This national standard is applicable to the integral work arrangement in various phases of solid mineral exploration. It can be taken as the general requirement of solid mineral exploration achievement exploration norm review and acceptance. And the standard is also the general principle for working out all classes of solid mineral exploration code, regulation and guidance. The standard can be also taken as the basis of evaluating and estimating mineral resources / reserves in mining right transfer, mineral exploration and development financing, listed shares and other activities.
2. Normative References
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. All the Standards stated below are effective at the publication of this Standard. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below.
GB/T 17766-1999 Classification for resources/reserves of solid fuels and mineral commodities
3. The purpose and task for mineral exploration
The final purpose of the mineral exploration is providing mineral resources/ reserves and exploitation specification and other necessary geological data for mine construction design so as to reduce development risk and obtain maximum economic benefit.
The solid mineral exploration work is divided into 4 phases: pre-exploration, preliminary exploration, detailed exploration and exploration.
3.1 The pre-exploration understands mineral resources perspective in pre-exploration region through integrated study analogy and preliminary field inspection for document in the region. The region with large mineralizing potential is put forward and the reference material will be provided for the developing regional economy.
3.2 The preliminary exploration is carrying out geology, geophysical exploration and geochemical exploration as well as sampling project and feasible appraisal summary research in the region with significant mineralizing potential, and makes preliminary evaluation for known mineralized district. The detailed exploration scope is marked for the site with detailed exploration value, and the base values are provided for the economy in developmental region.
3.3 The detailed exploration is carrying out systemic work and sampling for detailed exploration by adopting different kinds of exploration methods and means, made commercial value evaluation through preliminary feasible study, marked the exploration area scope, and provided basis for exploration. And the document is provided for establishing mine general planning and project proposal.
3.4 The exploration is the exploration area which is marked through mining area with commercial value and detailed exploration. The basis is provided for mine construction the following aspects, like confirming mine industrial scale, production program, exploitation mode, development scheme, recovery technique for ore processing, mine layout, mine construction design, etc. through using different kinds of exploration means and available approaches and quickening different kinds of sampling project and feasible study.
4. Mineral exploration work
4.1 Mineral exploration content
It contains exploration area geology, orebody geology, exploitation specification, ore processing technical performance, comprehensive evaluation and so on.
4.1.1 Exploration area geology
Collect and research the regional geology and mining area geological data, like strata, structure, magmatic rock, metamorphic rock, wall-rock alteration, etc. which concerns ore formation. For mineral deposits, the quaternary geology and geomorphic feature are included.
Strata: the stratigraphic sequence, lithologic association and lithofacies zoning should be divided and the mineral deposits should be confirmed. For sedimentary ore, the lithologic association, physical makeup and depositional environment and ore formation relation of mineral deposits should be researched.
Structure: the study should be carried out for the main structure which controls or destroys ore deposit. Its spacial distribution, upgrowth degree, precedence and regularities of distribution should be known.
Magmatic rock: For magmatic rock concerning ore formation, its petrographic category, lithofacies, lithology, evolution characteristic and ore formation relation should be known or found out.
Metamorphic rock: for metamorphic mineral deposit, the metamorphic property, strength, influencing factor, distribution of facies and its influence on mineral deposit formation or reconstruction should be known or researched.
Wall-rock alteration：the wall-rock alteration category, scale, strength, mineral composition, zonality and or formation relation should be known or researched.
4.1.2 Orebody geology
Orebody characteristic: the orebody distribution, quantity, scale, mode of occurrence, spatial position and shape, mutual relation and oxidation zone (weathering zone) scope should be researched and controlled. Research lithology, mode of occurrence and shape of wall rock and horse stone; research destruction condition of postmineral faulting for orebody; fined out correlation marker of orebody, made it connect rationally.
Ore characteristic: including ore physical makeup and ore qualitative characteristics.
Ore physical makeup: including mineral composition and the principal mineral content, structure, construction, symbiosis, dissemination granularity and its change and distributional characteristics; the ore natural type, ore alteration and argillation characteristic should be divided; the property, distribution, proportion and its influence on recovery technique of all classes of types should be researched.
Ore qualitative characteristics: including ore chemical composition, useful component, available and harmful constituent content, the recycling constituent content, deposit state, change and distributional characteristics. The ore industry type and grade as well as change law and proportion of different types are divided according to ore technique property and current production specifications. For non-metallic mineral and mineral, the mineral type and grade should be confirmed according to purpose requirement selecting measurement project.
4.1.3 Exploitation specification
Geohydrologic condition research: investigate intake of ground water, throughflow, drain condition and confirm catchment boundary; find out water containing layer (water isolation layer) distribution, water containing property, construction destruction and hydraulic connection condition among water containing layer, basic structure fractured zone, karst upgrowth zone and weathering zone distribution and their hydraulic conductivity, the main water fill containing water-retaining capacity and water storage property, relative position for ore bed ( body), the condition of connecting other water containing layers and surface waters and goaf water, water head height, hydraulic gradient, throughflow characteristic and dynamic variation of ground water, distribution, hydrographic feature, likely way connecting the main fill water containing layer and influence on ore mining; confirm main water filling factors, water filling mode and way of mineral deposit, establish hydrological geology model, estimate normal and maximum flux and mining area total flux of mine pit development in combination with potential development scheme of mineral deposit.
Investigate the water-supply source condition of mining area and its adjacent region, carry out comprehensive evaluation for mine water supply problems and water supply and drain associated possibility in combination with mine drainage, and indicate mine water-supply source direction. For water-deficient area, the evaluation should be carried out for mine pit water flux.
Project geologic condition research: research orebody and wall rock physical mechanics property in ore mining region, rock structure and its structural plane upgrowth degree and composite relation; evaluate rock quality; investigate property, mode of occurrence distribution characteristics of bad project geologic rock formation ( weathering strata, soft stratum, construction fractured zone) influence ore mining; made preliminary evaluation for open mining side slope stability or roadway wall rock and dissolved cavity firmness in combination with mine engineering requirement; indicates the geological body or bad section which may happen project geology problems.
Environmental geology research: research regional stability, previous seismic activity strength in mining area and on-site seismic intensity, goaf distribution, filling condition; define the goaf margin if it is possible. Find out the natural geological distribution, activity and its influence on ore mining, like collapse, landslide mudflow, torrent, geothermy, etc.. Investigate the background value of existent poisonous (arsenic, mercury...), harmfulness (heat, gasses, free silicon dioxide, etc.) and radioactive substance in mining area; evaluate the possible harm to ore mining.
Predict the mineral deposit drainage range of influence and evaluate the possible imperiling for manufacturing, residential life and ecological environment and places of interests; put forward prevention suggestions.
In combination with the mining project, the predication and evaluation will be carried out for ground distortion destruction scope (ground subsidence, cleavage, collapse, mudflow, etc.) and neighborhood water substance pollution owing to mineral exploration wastewater disposal which are caused by ore mining. The suggestions will be put forward for mining debris stack and disposition as well as using.
For mineral deposit is suitable for water soluble, hot melt, acid dipping, alkali dipping and aerification exploration as well as permafrost mineral deposit, the work should be developed aiming to its special requirement for exploration. The specific requirement will be defined in the mineral classification standard.
4.1.4 The ore processing and recovery technique technical performance test
According to testing purpose, requirement, degree and achievement reliability in production practice, the ore processing and recovery technique test can be divided into 5 categories: optional test, laboratory flow test, laboratory expanding and continuous test, semi-industry test and industry test.
The process technology test for non-metallic mineral is to obtain certain physical technical process performance or special requirements.
The processing technique test for coal is to know the selective and processing technique characteristic of coal through screen classification, drift and technological performance test.
The test work should be progressed gradually according to mineral exploration phase. The specific requirements are implemented according to related standards.
4.1.5 Comprehensive evaluation
In the exploration for the principle mineral, for intergrowth minerals or associated miscellaneous minerals reaching general industry indices requirement and possessing certain scale, the comprehensive evaluation should be carried out for them. For isologue intergrowth mine, the comprehensive consideration and whole exploration should be done for it, the orebody should be defined by composite indicator; for variant intergrowth mine, it should be controlled by the project exploring principal mineral. Its control degree depends on the physical circumstances.
According to conditions of geologic condition, output characteristic, intergrowth and associated relation, value, demand degree, availability, for intergrowth mine with good sale and large economic value, and be able to exploit concurrently, especially in the initial exploitation area and opening exploitation area, the comprehensive evaluation should be strengthened for them. Foe associated mine; the evaluation degree should be confirmed according to economic value and economic benefit.
4.1.6 Radiativity inspection
The radiativity inspection is generally done for general minerals. For radiativity minerals, the radioactive measurement work should be done for various exploration phases according to standard requirements.
