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This standard is formulated with a view to implementing The Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China and Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, preventing and controlling environmental pollution caused by emissions from motor vehicles and improving the ambient air quality.
This standard specifies the measurement methods and technical requirements for exhaust pollutants, two-idle-speed exhaust pollutants, crankcase pollutants, evaporative pollutants, pollutant control device durability and on-board diagnostic system (OBD) of light-duty hybrid electric vehicle equipped with spark-ignition engine under normal temperature and low temperature; this standard specifies the measurement methods and technical requirements for exhaust pollutants, free acceleration exhaust smoke, pollutant control device durability and on-board diagnostic system (OBD) of light-duty hybrid electric vehicle equipped with compression-ignition engine under normal temperature.
This standard is the supplement for GB 18352 Limits and Measurement Methods for Emissions from Light-duty Vehicles and is applicable to the type test and inspections for production conformity and in-service compliance of light-duty hybrid electric vehicle at Stage IV and subsequent stages.
This standard refers to and adopts the technical contents on emission part of hybrid electric vehicle in "draft amendments in 05 series" issued on November 4, 2009 (Addendum 82: Regulation No.83 Revision 3 - Amendment 3 Supplement 8 to the 05 series of amendments-Date of entry into force: 22 July 2009) of R83 regulation Uniform Provisions Concerning the Approval of Vehicles with Regard to the Emission of Pollutants according to Engine Fuel Requirements of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE).
This standard is the revision of GB/T 19755-2005 Measurement Methods for Emissions from Light-duty Hybrid Electric Vehicle with the main revised contents as follows:
——Regulations for Type I test are changed;
——Regulations for Type VI test are added;
——Regulations for two-idle-speed test are added;
——Regulations for OBD test are added;
——Regulations for free acceleration smoke test are added;
——Inspection and judgment methods for in-service conformity are added;
——New test methods for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle are added;
——Requirements for test validity judgment of partial tests are proposed.
In this standard, Annexes A and B are normative while Annexes C and D are informative.
This standard is prepared by Department of Science, Technology and Standards of the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China.
This standard was approved by the Ministry of Environmental Protection on May 11, 2016.
This standard shall be implemented from September 1, 2016.
GB/T 19755-2005 Measurement Methods for Emissions from Light-duty Hybrid Electric Vehicle shall be abolished from September 1, 2016.
The Ministry of Environmental Protection is in charge of the explanation of this standard.
Technical Requirements and Measurement Methods for Emissions from Light-duty Hybrid Electric Vehicles
1 Application Scope
This standard specifies the measurement methods and technical requirements for exhaust pollutants, two-idle-speed exhaust pollutants, crankcase pollutants, evaporative pollutants, pollutant control device durability and on-board diagnostic system (OBD) of light-duty hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) equipped with spark-ignition engine under normal and low temperatures.
This standard specifies the measurement methods and technical requirements for exhaust pollutants, free acceleration exhaust smoke, pollutant control device durability and on-board diagnostic system (OBD) of light-duty hybrid electric vehicle equipped with compression-ignition engine under normal temperature.
This standard specifies the inspection and judgment methods for type test, production conformity and in-service conformity of light-duty hybrid electric vehicle.
This standard is applicable to light-duty hybrid electric vehicle equipped with spark-ignition engine or compression-ignition engine and with maximum design speed larger than or equal to 50km/h. For the vehicle with function of shutdown during parking and idle speed mentioned in QC/T 837, the emission shall be measured according to the requirements for conventional vehicle and shall not belong to the application scope of this standard.
2 Normative References
This standard refers to the following documents or clauses of them. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document is applicable to this standard.
GB 3847-2005 Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Smoke from C.I.E. (Compression Ignition Engine) and Vehicle Equipped with C.I.E.
GB 18352 Limits and Measurement Methods for Emissions from Light-duty Vehicles ( )
GB/T 19596-2004 Terminology of Electric Vehicles
GB/T 19753 Test Methods for Energy Consumption of Light-duty Hybrid Electric Vehicles
QC/T 837 Types of Hybrid Electric Vehicles
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions and those given in GB 18352 and GB/T 19596-2004 apply.
3.1
hybrid electric vehicle
the vehicle which is capable of obtaining power from at least the following two kinds of on-board stored energies:
—Consumable fuel;
—Rechargeable/energy storage device
3.2
light-duty hybrid electric vehicle
the hybrid electric vehicle within the application scope of GB 18352
3.3
type test
the type approval test for newly trial-manufactured product after completion of vehicle type design for HEV so as to verify whether products meet technical requirements of this standard
3.4
energy storage device
the device installed on HEV to store electric energy, including all power batteries, supercapacitors and flywheel batteries or other combination
3.5
deterioration factors
the deterioration factors determined according to GB 18352
3.6
electricity balance
the integral value of current measurement value of energy storage device on HEV along with the time during one test cycle, which is represented by Q and expressed in Ah. When electricity balance is larger than zero, the energy storage device discharges; otherwise, the energy storage device charges.
3.7
electrical energy balance (ΔEbatt or ΔEstorage)
the electrical energy balance measured according to GB/T 19753, expressed in MJ. In the case that the energy storage device is chemical battery (or energy storage system with similar electricity characteristic, e.g., flywheel battery), it means ΔEbatt calculated according to measured electricity balance; in the case that the energy storage device is supercapacitor, it means ΔEstorage calculated according to measured voltage values at the starting and ending of the test
3.8
minimum state of charge
after the energy storage device is subject to N continuous test cycles at maximum state of charge (a turn-off period not exceeding 10min for power system is allowable between each cycle), if the measured electricity balance during the (N+1)th cycle indicates the device's discharge capacity does not exceed 3% of rated storage value (i.e., the storage capacity [Ah] when the electrical energy is fully charged, provided by the manufacturer), then the energy storage device during the Nth cycle is regarded as reaching the minimum state of charge
3.9
OVC range (DOVC)
the OVC range of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (OVC) measured according to GB/T 19753, i.e., the total range vehicle running, starting from the maximum state of charge of energy storage device and ending with the minimum state of charge through N times of test cycle
3.10
vehicle electric range (De)
the vehicle electric range measured according to GB/T 19753, i.e., the maximum distance vehicle being capable of running continuously on the certain running mode, starting from the maximum state of charge of energy storage device, under the condition of engine being out of operation
3.11
maximum thirty minutes vehicle speed
the maximum average speed of vehicle being capable of continuously running for 30min on electric driving mode
3.12 Abbreviations
HEV hybrid electric vehicle
NOVC not off-vehicle charging
OVC off-vehicle charging, the same as plug-in
SOC state-of charge
4 Classification of HEV
The HEVs are classified into four categories in this standard as shown in Table 1, according to whether the energy storage device is in need of off-vehicle charging and whether the vehicle is equipped with the function of manually-selecting driving mode.
Table 1 Classification of HEV
Off-vehicle Charging type of energy storage device Off-vehicle charging (OVC) a Not off-vehicle charging (NOVC)
Function of manually-selecting driving mode No Yes No Yes
Corresponding HEV type OVC, without function of manually-selecting driving mode OVC, with function of manually-selecting driving mode NOVC, without function of manually-selecting driving mode NOVC, with function of manually-selecting driving mode
a Only when the off-vehicle charging is recommended or required in the operating instructions provided by manufacturer or other definite means, the HEV can be identified as "OVC". Even with off-vehicle charging capability only for the irregular electricity adjustment for energy storage device rather than supplement for regular off-vehicle energy, the vehicle type shall not be considered as "OVC".
5 Requirements and Tests
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 The type test, production conformity inspection and in-service conformity inspection of HEV shall all meet the requirements specified in corresponding stage of GB 18352.
5.1.2 Pollutant emission amount of HEV shall meet the limit value requirements specified in corresponding stage of GB 18352.
5.1.3 Manufacturing enterprise of HEV or its authorized agent shall disclose the information according to Annexes A and B; if contents involve enterprise confidentiality, the information may be only disclosed to competent departments.
5.2 Type test items
See Table 2 for the test items for vehicles of different types in type test.
Table 2 Test Items
Test type With spark-ignition engine With compression-
ignition engine
Gasoline vehicle Dual-fuel vehicle Mono-gas-fuel
vehicle
Type I (gaseous pollutants)
Type I (particle quality)
Type I (particle quantity)b
Type II (two-idle-speed)
Type II (free acceleration smoke)
Type III c
Type IV
Type V c
Type VI
OBD system Yes
Yes ( only for direct-injection vehicle)a
—
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes Yes (using dual fuel)
Yes (only when direct-injection vehicle using gasoline)a
—
Yes (using dual fuel)
—
Yes (using gasoline)
Yes (using gasoline)
Yes (using gasoline)
Yes (using gasoline)
Yes Yes
—
—
Yes
—
Yes
—
Yes
—
Yes Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
—
—
Yes
—
Yes
a This item is not applicable to Stage IV.
b This item is not applicable to Stage IV.
c For light-duty hybrid electric vehicle of Stage V, tests of carbon tank and catalytic converter shall also be carried out according to GB 18352.5-2013.
Type I test: the test for emission of exhaust pollutants after cold starting under normal temperature.
Type II test: the determination of CO and THC of two-idle-speed and λ value (excess air factor) of high idle speed for vehicle with spark-ignition engine, and the determination of free acceleration smoke for vehicle with compression-ignition engine.
Type III test: the test for emissions of crankcase pollutants.
Type IV test: the test for emissions of evaporative pollutants.
Type V test: the test for pollution control device durability.
Type VI test: the test for emission of CO and HC in exhaust after cold starting under normal temperature.
6 Test Description
6.1 Type I test (the test for emission of exhaust pollutants after cold starting under normal temperature)
6.1.1 Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (OVC) without function of manually-selecting driving mode
The test shall be carried out under the following conditions respectively:
——Condition A: the energy storage device is at the maximum state of charge;
——Condition B: the energy storage device is at the minimum state of charge.
See Annex C for the schematic diagram for the state of charge of energy storage device in Type I test.
6.1.1.1 Test under Condition A
6.1.1.1.1 The energy storage device discharges through vehicle running.
The vehicle runs on test track or chassis dynamometer according to the following requirements until it meets one of the discharging ending conditions:
——The vehicle speed is stable at (50±2)km/h until the engine of HEV starts;
——If the stable speed of the vehicle cannot reach (50±2)km/h without starting engine, the vehicle shall drop to a speed at which the vehicle can be ensured to run stably for a certain time/distance (determined between testing organization and manufacturer) without starting engine, until the engine starts;
——According to recommendations of the manufacturer.
The engine shall shutdown within 10s after self-start.
6.1.1.1.2 Vehicle pretreatment
6.1.1.1.2.1 HEV equipped with compression-ignition engine shall be subject to pretreatment of continuously carrying out Type I test specified in GB 18352 per three part 2 (suburban) operation cycles according to the requirements of 6.1.1.1.5.3.
6.1.1.1.2.2 HEV equipped with spark-ignition engine shall be subject to pretreatment of continuously carrying out Type I test specified in GB 18352 per one part 1 (urban) operation cycle and two part 2 (suburban) operation cycles according to the requirements of 6.1.1.1.5.3.
6.1.1.1.3 Vehicle presetting
After finishing pretreatment, prior to test, the vehicle shall be subject to preset in a room with temperature keeping at 293~303K (20~30℃). The preset time is at least 6h until the difference between the lubricating oil and cooling fluid temperatures of engine and the room temperature is within the range of ±2K.
If manufacturer raises a requirement, the test shall be carried out within 6~30h after vehicle running under normal temperature.
6.1.1.1.4 Energy storage device charging
During presetting, the energy storage device shall be charged according to the following requirements and reach the maximum state of charge.
6.1.1.1.4.1 Charging requirements
a) If on-board charger is installed, on-board charger is applied for charging;
b) If on-board charger is not installed, off-vehicle charger is applied according to manufacturer's recommendations and regular continuous charging procedures are adopted.
The aforesaid charging processes do not include all special charging procedures being automatically or manually started, e.g., equalization charging or maintenance charging.
Manufacturer shall ensure that special charging is not carried out during charging.
6.1.1.1.4.2 Charging ending condition
If the charging ending condition specified by vehicle manufacturer is met, the off-vehicle charging of energy storage device ends.
If the apparatus prompts that the energy storage device has not been fully charged yet all the time, the longest charging time is:
t(h)=3*the nominal stored energy of energy storage device (Wh)/electric network service power (W)
Foreword iv
1 Application Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Classification of HEV
5 Requirements and Tests
6 Test Description
7 Vehicle Type Expansion
8 Production Conformity Inspection
9 In-service Compliance
Annex A (Normative) Relevant Information of Type Test
Annex B (Normative) Type Test Result
Annex C (Informative) Schematic Diagram for the State of Charge of Energy Storage Device in Type I Test of Plug-in Vehicle
Annex D (Informative) Net Power and Maximum Thirty Minutes Power Tests of Electric Drive System
