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This standard is formulated to implement laws such as the "Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China", the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention of Environmental Pollution Caused by Solid Waste", the "Law on Prevention of Air Pollution of the People's Republic of China" and the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution" etc., to protect environment, to prevent and control pollution, and to promote the improvement in the incineration and disposal technology of municipal solid waste.
This standard specifies the requirements for the site selection, technology, feeding wastes, operation, emission control, monitoring, implementation and supervision of municipal solid waste incineration plant.
This standard was first issued in 2000 and initially revised in 2001. This is the second revision with main changes as follows:
——The application scope of this standard is adjusted to cover also the control on incinerator for sludge produced by domestic sewage treatment facilities and for non-hazardous industrial solid wastes;
——The requirements for control on pollutant emission during startup, shutdown, malfunction or accident of municipal solid waste incinerator are added;
——The requirements for emission control on pollutant such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, hydrogen chloride, heavy metals and their compounds, and dioxins in the flue gas from municipal solid waste incineration plants are raised.
Relevant national standards for pollutants emission are applicable to the water pollutants, odor pollutants and environmental noises of municipal solid waste incineration plant, and relevant national standards for solid waste identification and pollution control are applicable to the identification and disposal of solid wastes generated by such plants.
Appendix A of this standard is normative.
Limitations for pollutant emission specified in this standard are basic requirements. Local provincial people's governments may formulate provincial standards for the emission of pollutant control items not specified in this standard. As for the items specified in this standard, stricter provincial pollutant emission standards may be formulated. In case of approval limitations for environmental impact assessments which are stricter than those specified in this standard or provincial standards, they shall prevail.
This standard is formulated under the organization of and by the Department of Science, Technology and Standards of Ministry of Environmental Protection.
Chief drafting organizations of this standard: Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Tsinghua University, Urban Construction design & Research Institute, National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University.
This standard is approved by the Ministry of Environmental Protection on April 28, 2014.
This standard is to be implemented on July 1, 2014 for new municipal solid waste incinerators and January 1, 2016 for existing municipal solid waste incinerators. The "Standard for Pollution Control on the Municipal Solid Waste Incineration" (GB 18485-2001) will be abolished from January 1, 2016. This standard may also be implemented in advance upon the approval of provincial people's governments basing on the demands of local environmental protection and economical and technical conditions.
The Ministry of Environmental Protection is entrusted with the explanation of this standard.
NATIONAL STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
中华人民共和国国家标准
GB/T 18485-2014
Standard for Pollution Control on the Minicipal Solid Waste Incineration
生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准
1 Scope
This standard specifies the requirements for the site selection, technology, feeding wastes, operation, emission control, monitoring, implementation and supervision of municipal solid waste incineration plant.
This standard is applicable to the design, environmental impact assessment and final acceptance of municipal solid waste incineration plants as well as the pollution control and monitoring & management during operation of such plants.
This standard applies as a reference for the industrial furnaces of which municipal solid wastes mass accounts for more than 30% of the total mass of materials put into furnace as well as special incineration furnaces for sludge from domestic sewage treatment facilities and for non-hazardous industrial solid wastes.
This standard is applicable to the pollutant emission behaviors allowed by law; the site selection of new pollution sources and the control on existing pollution sources within special monitoring zones shall be conducted according to relevant provisions of laws, regulations and rules such as "Law on Prevention of Air Pollution of the People's Republic of China", "Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution", "Marine Environment Protection Law of the People's Republic of China", "Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention of Environmental Pollution Caused by Solid Waste", "Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution", "Law of the People' s Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment", "Urban and Rural Planning Law of the People's Republic of China", and "The Law of Land Administration of the People's Republic of China".
2 Normative References
This standard refers to the provisions of the following documents. For undated references, the latest edition applies.
GB 8978 "Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard"
GB 14554 "Emission Standards for Odor Pollutants"
GB 16889 "Standard for Pollution Control on the Landfill Site of Municipal Solid Waste"
GB 30485 "Standard for the Pollution Control on Cooperative Disposal Solid Waste of Cement Kiln"
GB/T 16157 "The Determination of Particulates and Sampling Methods of Gaseous Pollutants Emitted from Exhaust Gas of Stationary Source"
HJ 77.2 "Ambient Air and Waste Gas Determination of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins(PCDDs)and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs)"
HJ 543 "Measurement of the Exhaust Mercury of Stationary Source Cold Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (Provisional)"
HJ 548 "Stationary Source Emission - Determination of Hydrogen Chloride - Silver Nitrate Volumetric Method (Provisional)"
HJ 549 "Determination of Hydrogen Chloride in Ambient Air and Exhaust Gas-Ion Chromatography Method (Provisional)"
HJ 629 "Determination of Sulphur Dioxide from Exhausted Gas of Stationary Source Nondispersive Infrared Absorption Method"
HJ 657 "Ambient Air and Stationary Source Emission - Determination of Metals in Ambient Particulate Matter - Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)"
HJ 693 "Determination of Sulphur Dioxide from Exhausted Gas of Stationary Source Fixed - Potential Electrolysis Method"
HJ/T 20 "Technical Specifications on Sampling and Sample Preparation from Industry Solid Waste"
HJ/T 27 "Stationary Source Emission - Determination of Hydrogen Chloride - Mercuric Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric Method"
HJ/T 42 "Stationary Source Emission - Determination of Nitrogen Oxide - Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Method"
HJ/T 43 "Stationary Source Emission - Determination of Nitrogen Oxide – N (1-naphtye) - Ethylenediamine Dihydrochloride Spectrophotometric Method"
HJ/T 44 "Stationary Source Emission - Determination of Carbon Monoxide - Non-dispersive Infrared Absorption Method"
HJ/T 56 "Determination of Sulphur Dioxide from Exhausted Gas of Stationary Source Iodine Titration Method"
HJ/T 57 "Determination of Sulphur Dioxide from Exhausted Gas of Stationary Source - Fixed-potential Electrolysis Method"
HJ/T 75 "Specifications for Continuous Emissions Monitoring of Flue Gas Emitted from Stationary Sources"
HJ/T228 "Technical Specification for Chemical Disinfection Centralized Treatment Engineering on Medical Waste (On Trial)"
HJ/T229 "Technical Specification for Microwave Disinfection Centralized Treatment Engineering on Medical Waste (On Trial)"
HJ/T276 "Technical Specifications for Steam-based Centralized Treatment Engineering in Medical Waste (On Trial)"
HJ/T 397 "Technical Specifications for Emission Monitoring of Stationary Source"
"Management Method on Automatic Supervisory Control of Pollution Source" (Decree of the State Environmental Protection Administration, No. 28)
"Environmental Monitoring Management Method" (Decree of the State Environmental Protection Administration, No. 39)
"Regulations on the Administration of Medical Wastes" (Wei Yi Fa [2003] No. 287)
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 Incinerator
It refers to the device that treats municipal solid wastes through high temperature oxidation.
3.2 Incineration capacity
It refers to the design capacity of incinerator to incinerate municipal solid wastes in unit time.
3.3 Furnace
It refers to the space formed by enclosed furnace wall of incinerator for the burning of combustibles.
3.4 Retention time of flue gas
It refers to the duration when the flue gas generated by combustion is in hot section (≥850 ℃).
3.5 Incineration bottom ash
It refers to the residues discharged directly from the furnace bottom and the ash and slag discharged by the overheater and economizer after municipal solid waste incineration.
3.6 Incineration fly ash
It refers to the trapped substances of flue gas cleaning system and bottom ash settled on flue and chimney bottoms.
3.7 Loss on ignition
It refers to the percentage of the mass reduced by ignition to the original mass of incineration slag. It is calculated according to the following formula:
P=(A-B)/A×100%
Where,
P——the loss on ignition, %;
A——the mass of incineration slag which has been dried at 110℃ and then cooled to room temperature, g;
B——the mass of incineration which has been ignited at 600℃ (± 25 ℃) for 3 hours and then cooled to room temperature, g.
3.8 Dioxins
It is the generic term for Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs).
3.9 Toxic equivalency factor (TEF)
It refers to the ratio of dioxins congener and 2, 3, 7, 8- TCDD to the affinity of Ah receptor.
3.10 Toxic equivalency quantity (TEQ)
It refers to the equivalent concentration when the concentration of dioxins congeners is converted to the equivalent toxicity of 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD; toxic equivalent quantity concentration is the product of measured concentration and the TEF of the isomer.
3.11 Non-hazardous industrial solid waste
It refers to the solid wastes generated during industrial production, excluding hazardous wastes.
3.12 Existing municipal solid waste incinerator
It refers to the municipal solid waste incinerators which have been built and put into services or of which the environmental impact assessment statements have been approved before the implementation date of this standard.
3.13 New municipal solid waste incinerator
It refers to the newly-built, renovated and extended municipal solid waste incinerators of which the environmental impact assessment statements have been approved after the implementation date of this standard.
3.14 Standard conditions
It refers to the gaseous state with the temperature of 273.16K and the pressure of 101.325 kPa.
3.15 Average value
It refers to the average value of the test values of at least 3 samples taken at equal time intervals (30min to 8h) during the sampling period; as for dioxins, the sampling time interval shall be 6 hours at least and 8 hours at most.
3.16 Hourly average value
It refers to the arithmetic mean value of pollutant concentration in any one hour, or, the arithmetic mean value of the measured values of 4 samples taken at equal time intervals.
3.17 Daily average value
It refers to the arithmetic mean value of 24 continuous hourly average values.
3.18 Emission concentration at baseline oxygen content
Each and every emission limitation for pollutant concentration specified in this standard refers to the emission concentration at baseline oxygen content converted with 11% (V/V%) O2 (dry flue gas) as the baseline and under the standard conditions; the conversion is made according to the following requirements:
ρ=ρ’×(21-11)/(φ0(O2)-φ’(O2))
Where,
ρ——the emission concentration at baseline oxygen content of air pollutant, mg/m3;
ρ’——the measured air pollutants emission concentration, mg/m3;
φ0(O2)——the initial oxygen content of combustion air, %; 21 for the case of air being adopted for combustion.
φ’(O2)——the measured oxygen content of flue gas, %.
4 Site Selection
4.1 The site selection of municipal solid waste incineration plant shall comply with the local overall urban and country plan, environmental protection program and environmental sanitation special plan as well as demands of atmospheric pollution prevention & control, water resource protection and natural ecology reservation etc.
4.2 The location of municipal solid waste incineration plant and its distance to periphery population shall be determined according to the conclusions of its environmental impact assessment. Such distance may be used as planning basis once approved by environmental protection administration department having the right for examination and approval.
4.3 In the environmental impact assessment for the site selection of municipal solid waste incineration plant, the reasonable positional relations between such plant and the habitation of long term residents, the agricultural lands, the surface waters and other sensitive objectives shall be determined according to the environmental function area type of its location area and the comprehensive assessment of its impacts on the health, daily life and production activities of dwell groups, emphasizing possible hazardous substances leakage, air pollutants (including odorants) generation & diffusion and accident risks of the plant and its facilities.
5 Technology
5.1 Sealing measures shall be taken during the transportation of municipal solid wastes to prevent waste dropping, smell leaking and sewage leaking.
5.2 Sealing and negative pressure measures shall be taken for the storage facilities and leachate collecting facilities of municipal solid wastes, and the negative pressure state shall be maintained during operation and shutdown. Gases inside such facilities shall be led into incinerator preferentially for high temperature processing, or be collected and deodorized until they meet the requirements of GB 14554 and then discharged.
5.3 The main technical performance indexes of municipal solid waste incinerator shall meet the following requirements.
(1) The incineration temperature and retention time of flue gas inside furnace as well as the loss on ignition of incineration slag shall meet the requirements specified in Table 1.
Table 1 Main Technical Performance Indexes of Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator
SN Item Index Inspection method
1 Incineration temperature inside furnace ≥850℃ Select at least two sections among the secondary air injecting point section, the furnace middle cross section and the furnace top cross section, arrange monitoring points respectively, and perform real-time on-line thermocouple measurement.
2 Retention time of flue gas inside furnace ≥2 seconds Check the flue gas retention time between monitoring point sections for incineration temperature inside furnace according to the design sheets and shop drawings of incinerator
3 Loss on ignition of incineration slag ≤5% HJ/T 20
(2) The pollutant concentration of flue gas emitted by existing municipal solid waste incinerators shall be in accordance with the limitations specified in GB 18485-2001 before December 31, 2015.
(3) The carbon monoxide concentration of flue gas emitted by existing municipal solid waste incinerators shall be in accordance with the limitations specified in Table 2 from January 1, 2016.
(4) The carbon monoxide concentration of flue gas emitted by new municipal solid waste incinerators shall be in accordance with the limitations specified in Table 2 from July 1, 2014.
Table 2 Limitations for Carbon Monoxide Concentration in Flue Gases Emitted by New Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator
Valuing time Limitation (mg/m3) Monitoring method
Daily average value 80 HJ/T 44
Hourly average value 100
5.4 Each municipal solid waste incinerator must be equipped with a separate flue gas cleaning system and an online flue gas monitoring device; the treated flue gases shall be emitted with independent exhaust funnel, and the exhaust funnels of more than one municipal solid waste incinerator may be arranged in the form of bundles.
5.5 The height of incinerator chimney shall not be less than those specified in Table 3, and the specific value shall be determined according to the conclusions of environmental impact assessment. In case buildings exist within 200 of a chimney, the chimney shall be higher than the highest building in such area by at least 3 m.
Table 3 Heights of Incinerator Chimneys
Incineration capacity (t/d) Minimum allowable height of chimney (m)
<300 45
≥300 60
Note: In case that more than one incinerator exist in a same plant area, the sum of all the incineration capacities is adopted as the judgment basis.
5.6 Incinerators shall be provided with combustion systems which are used during the startup and shutdown of incinerators as well as the period when the incineration temperature inside furnace is lower than the temperatures specified in Table 1, and such systems shall guarantee that the operation conditions of incinerators meet the requirements specified in 5.3 of this standard.
5.7 Permanent sampling ports shall be arranged according to GB/T 16157, and safe monitoring platforms not smaller than 3m2 with guardrails shall be established about 1m right below such ports, with permanent power supply (220V) being available for sampling devices to work.
6 Feeding Wastes
6.1 The following wastes may be fed into municipal solid waste incinerator for incineration directly:
——Mixed municipal solid wastes collected by sanitation organizations or municipal solid waste generating organizations;
——Non-hazardous industrial solid wastes collected by sanitation organizations from garment processing, food processing and other industries serving municipal life which have similar nature with municipal solid wastes;
——Oversize materials obtained from the screening procedure during municipal solid waste composting and other solid residual components generated during other biochemical treatment;
——Infectious wastes crushed, mutilated and disinfected according to HJ/T 228, HJ/T 229 and HJ/T 276 and meeting the disinfecting effect inspection indexes specified in "Regulations on the Administration of Medical Wastes".
6.2 Sludge generated by domestic sewage treatment facilities and non-hazardous industrial solid wastes may be put into municipal solid waste incinerators for incineration, provided that the pollutants emission indexes will still be met and incinerators will still operate normally, and the pollutant concentrations of flue gas emitted by incinerators subject to the limitations given in Table 4.
6.3 The following wastes shall not be incinerated in municipal solid waste incinerators:
——Hazardous wastes except for those specified in 6.1 of this standard;
——Electronic wastes and their residues after processing or treatment.
Those otherwise stipulated by environmental protection administration departments are excluded.
Foreword I
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Site Selection
5 Technology
6 Feeding Wastes
7 Operation
8 Emission Control
9 Monitoring
10 Implementation and Supervision
Appendix A (Normative)
