 |
中标分类
行业分类
ICS分类
最新标准
|
登录注册 |
| 您的位置: 标准明细 |
Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard replaces TB/T 2817-1997 Technical conditions of solid forged and rolled wheels for railway applications. In addition to editorial changes, the following technical changes have been made with respect to TB/T 2817-1997: ——the scope of the standard is modified (see Clause 1; Clause 1 in Edition 1997); ——the overall geometrical tolerance and the dimension limit deviation of the wheels are modified (see Table 1; Table 1 in Edition 1997); ——the requirement for hydrogen content in molten steel is added (see 4.1.1.1); ——the wheel steel designations, CL65 and CL70, are added (see Table 2); ——the plain disc tensile performance and fatigue performance of wheels are added (see 4.3.1 and 4.3.4); ——the re-inspection rules are deleted (see 6.4 in Edition 1997); ——the normative annex "Testing of hydrogen content in steel for solid wheels” (see Annex A); ——the normative annex "Fatigue test" is added (see Annex B); This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of Standards and Metrology Research Institute of China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited. The previous edition of the standard replaced by this standard is as follows: TB/T 2817-1997. Solid forged and rolled wheels for railway wagon applications 1 Scope This standard specifies the dimension limit deviation and geometrical tolerance, technical requirements and test methods, inspection rules, marking, packaging and protection, and quality certificate of solid forged and rolled wheels for railway wagon applications. This standard is applicable to the solid forged and rolled wheels for railway wagon applications where the maximum speed is less than or equal to 120km/h. This standard may serve as a reference for solid forged and rolled wheels for fast wagons. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 223 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy GB/T 228.1 Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature GB/T 229 Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test method GB/T 231.1 Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 1: Test method GB/T 1182 Geometrical product specifications(GPS) - Geometrical tolerancing - Tolerances of form orientation location and run-out GB/T 4336 Carbon and low-alloy steel - Determination of multi-element contents - Spark discharge atomic emission spectrometric method (routine method) GB/T 6394 Determination of estimating the average grain size of metal GB/T 9445 Non-destructive testing- Qualification and certification of personnel GB/T 10561-2005 Steel - Determination of content of nonmetallic inclusions - Micrographic method using standards diagrams GB/T 13298 Inspection methods of microstructure for metals GB/T 15822.2 Non-destructive testing - Magnetic particle testing - Part 2: Detection media GB/T 15822.3 Non-destructive testing - Magnetic particle testing - Part 3:Equipment GB/T 18838.3 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products - Specifications for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives - Part 3: High-carbon cast-steel shot and grit GB/T 18838.4 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products - Specifications for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives - Part 4: Low-carbon cast-steel shot GB/T 20066 Steel and iron - Sampling and preparation of specimen for the determination of chemical composition GB/T 20123 Steel and iron - Determination of total carbon and sulfur content - Infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace (routine method) GB/T 20125 Low-alloy steel - Determination of multi-element contents - Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric method GB/T 27664.1-2011 Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic test equipment - Part 1: Instruments GB/T 27664.2-2011 Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic test equipment - Part 2: Probes GB/T 27664.3-2012 Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic test equipment - Part 3: Combined equipment JB/T 10174-2008 Methods of quality inspection on shot-peening for steel-iron parts TB/T 3031-2002 Evaluation of macrostructure defect in radial cross-section of rolled solid wheels for railway IS0 6933:1986 Railway rolling stock material - Magnetic particle acceptance testing 3 Dimension limit deviation and geometric tolerance of the wheel model 3.1 The wheel manufacturer shall produce and inspect in accordance with the drawings approved through the specified procedures. See Figure 1 for the schematic diagram for wheel model and the symbols of overall dimension. 3.2 See Table 1 for the overall geometrical tolerance and the dimension limit deviation of the wheels. Figure 1 The schematic diagram for wheel model and the symbols of overall dimension. Note 1: the distance h from the inner side surface of the rim to the wheel rolling is in accordance with that specified in product sample. Note 2: Фd01 is the hub bore diameter of the wheel to be assembled. Table 1 Overall geometric tolerance and dimension limit deviation of wheel In: mm Item Symbols (see Figure 1) Geometric tolerance / dimensional limit deviation Dimension Geometrical shapea Rim Outer diameter (the diameter of the rolling circle) D — +6 0 Inner diameter (inner side) D1 — 0 -4 Inner diameter (outer side) D2 — 0 -4 Width H — +5 +2 Thickness difference of the rims on the same sidec ∆B1, ∆B2 — ≤0.4 Shapes of flange and treadb — V1 ≤0.5 Roundness of the rolling circle — y ≤0.2 Rim End face runout of inner side surface — n ≤0.3 Outer diameter (inner side) D31 — +4 0 Outer diameter (outer side) D32 — +4 0 Length L — ±2 Distance between inner rim and hub F — +2 0 Inner diameter of wheel hub bore ∆B1, ∆B2 — 0 -4 Inner diameter cylindricity of the wheel hub bore — x ≤1.0 Runout of wheel hub bore diameter — m ≤1.0 Wall thickness difference of wheel hubs on the same side ∆C1, ∆C2 — ≤2 Plain disc Thickness of the junction between plain disc and rim S1 — +3 0 Thickness of the junction between plain disc and hub S2 — +3 0 Plain disc outline — V2 ≤4 a See GB/T 1182 for details. b Inspect with a template, extending from the top of the flange to the local clearance at the outer chamfer. c Take at least 3 values according to the designated positions B1 and B2 in the Figure , and calculate the maximum difference. c Take at least 3 values according to the designated positions C1 and C2 in the Figure, and calculate the maximum difference. 4 Technical requirements and inspection methods 4.1 Wheel billet 4.1.1 Requirements. 4.1.1.1 The wheel steel shall be treated by secondary refining and vacuum degassing. The billet may be manufactured by continuous casting or die casting. The static ignot shall be casted from the bottom. Hydrogen content of molten steel shall be no greater than 2.0×10-6, and the analysis of hydrogen content of molten steel shall be conducted in accordance with any methods specified in Annex A. 4.1.1.2 There shall be no defects affecting the rolling quality of the wheels on the billet surface. If the static ignot is used to make the wheel, the steel ingot shall be cropped, and the amount of cropping shall be sufficient to eliminate the harmful parts on both ends of the steel ingot that affect the quality of the wheel. 4.1.1.3 See Table 2 for the designation, code and chemical composition of wheel steel (smelting analysis). Table 2 Designation, code and chemical composition of wheel steel (smelting analysis) Steel designation Steel code Mass fraction % C Si Mn P S Cr Cu Mo Ni V Cr+Mo+Ni CL60 II 0.55~0.65 0.17~0.37 0.50~0.80 ≤0.025 ≤0.025 ≤0.25 ≤0.25 ≤0.08 ≤0.25 ≤0.06 ≤0.50 CL65 III 0.57~0.67 ≤1.00 ≤1.20 ≤0.025 ≤0.025 ≤0.30 ≤0.30 ≤0.06 ≤0.25 ≤0.08 ≤0.50 CL70 IV 0.67~0.77 ≤1.00 ≤1.20 ≤0.025 ≤0.025 ≤0.30 ≤0.30 ≤0.06 ≤0.25 ≤0.08 ≤0.50 4.1.2 Test method For the smelting chemical analysis of wheel steel, at least one specimen shall be taken for each furnace. The sampling and analysis test are carried out according to the methods specified in GB/T 20066 and GB/T 223 or GB/T 4336. 4.2 Wheel manufacturing 4.2.1 Requirements. 4.2.1.1 The wheel shall be subjected to integral forging or rolling forming; upon heating during hot forming, the wheel billet shall be prevented from overheating and overburning. 4.2.1.2 The wheel rim shall be quenched and tempered, and the plain disc shall be prevented from water inflow during quenching. 4.2.1.3 See Table 3 for permissible deviation for chemical composition analysis and smelting analysis of the finished wheel. Table 3 Permissible deviation for chemical composition analysis Steel designation Permissible deviation (mass fraction) % C Si Mn P S Cr Cu Mo Ni V CLCL60 +0.03 -0.02 +0.03 -0.02 +0.03 -0.03 +0.005 0 +0.005 0 +0.03 0 +0.03 0 +0.02 0 +0.03 0 +0.01 0 CL65 +0.03 -0.02 +0.03 0 +0.03 0 +0.005 0 +0.005 0 +0.03 0 +0.03 0 +0.02 0 +0.03 0 +0.01 0 CL70 +0.03 -0.02 +0.03 0 +0.03 0 +0.005 0 +0.005 0 +0.03 0 +0.03 0 +0.02 0 +0.03 0 +0.01 0 Permissible deviation for chemical compositions of finished product refers to the deviation of the chemical compositions of finished wheel from those specified in Table 2. 4.2.2 Test methods For the chemical analysis of the finished wheel, no less than 50g of steel scrap sample shall be taken from 30mm below the tread at the nominal diameter of the rim, and the analysis shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 223. If spectral analysis is used, the end part of the tensile specimen may be used, and the test is carried out in accordance with the method specified in GB/T 4336. The chemical analysis of finished wheel shall also be carried out in accordance with the methods specified in GB/T 20123, GB/T 20125. Discrepancy, if any, may be subjected to arbitration according to the methods specified in GB/T 233. 4.3 Mechanical property 4.3.1 Tensile property 4.3.1.1 Requirements See Table 4 for tensile performance of the wheel. 4 Tensile property Steel designation Rim Plain disc Upper yield strength ReHa N/mm2 Tensile strength Rm N/mm2 Percentage elongation after fracture A4% Percentage reduction of sectional area Z% Rm reductionb N/mm2 Percentage elongation after fracture A5% CL60 ≥580 ≥910 ≥10 ≥14 ≥120 ≥14 CL65 ≥620 ≥1,010 ≥10 ≥14 ≥130 ≥12 CL70 ≥650 ≥1,050 ≥10 ≥14 ≥130 ≥10 a If no apparent yield strength occurs, the stress Rp0.2 shall be determined. b The reduction value of tensile strength relative to that of the rim on the same wheel. 4.3.1.2 Location of specimens The specimens shall be taken from the rim and plain disc of the wheel and see Figure 2 for the location. Keys: 1——the tensile specimen for rim; 2——the tensile specimen for plain disc. Figure 2 Location of tensile specimens 4.3.1.3 Test method It shall be carried out with the methods specified in GB/T 228.1. The inner diameter of the parallel length of tensile specimen for plain disc is 10 mm, and the original gauge length is 5 times its diameter. The inner diameter of the parallel length of tensile specimen for the rim is 15mm, and the original gauge length is 4 times its diameter. 4.3.2 Impact resistance 4.3.2.1 Requirements See Table 5 for the average of impact test. Take the average of the results of 3 specimens as the test result, and the minimum value of the single specimen shall be no less than 70% of the values specified in Table 5. The test temperature is +20 °C, and a U-shaped notch specimen with a depth of 2mm shall be used. Table 5 Impact energy In: J Steel designation Impact absorbed energy KU2 (20℃) Rim Plain disc CL60 — ≥16 CL65 ≥20 ≥16 CL70 ≥18 ≥12 4.3.2.2 Test location See Figure 3 for the location of specimen for impact test Figure 3 Location of specimens for impact test 4.3.2.3 Test method It shall be carried out with the methods specified in GB/T 229. 4.3.3 The hardness of section of wheel rim 4.3.3.1 Requirements The minimum Brinell hardness in the entire wear area of the rim shall be greater than or equal to the value specified in Table 6. Even if the wear depth is not greater than 30 mm, the hardness value specified in Table 6 shall be achieved at a maximum depth of 30 mm under the tread. If the wear limit is less than 30 mm, the hardness of the rim-plain disc transition (point A, Figure 4) is at least 10HBW smaller than the hardness at 30 mm; if the wear limit is greater than 30 mm, the hardness of the rim-plain disc transition (point A, Figure 4) is at least 10HBW smaller than the hardness at the wear limit. Table 6 The value of hardness of rim Steel designation Minimum value of Brinell hardness HBW 10/3000 CL60 265 CL65 280 CL70 300 4.3.3.2 Measuring points As is shown in Figure 4, measure the hardness at 4 points on the radial section of rim. Keys: 1—the position with maximum depth of 30mm under the tread or the wear limit; 2—the inner side surface of wheel after processing; 3—the diameter of the rolling circle. Figure 4 Measuring points for hardness on the radial section of rim 4.3.3.3 Test method The test shall be carried out in accordance with the methods specified in GB/T 231.1. Diameter of indenter is 10mm. 4.3.4 Fatigue performance 4.3.4.1 Requirements The wheel shall be free of crack after 107 times rolling under the specified test stress. See Table 7 for radial test stress of plain disc Table 7 Radial stress Symmetric loading Machined plain disc The inspected value of radial stress ±240 N/mm2 4.3.4.2 Test method See Annex B for the specific requirements for the specimens, methods, and equipment of fatigue test. 4.3.5 The hardness of rim surface 4.3.5.1 Requirements Test for hardness of rim surface shall be conducted for each wheel after heat treatment; the test can be conducted before machining; and the surface hardness values shall meet the requirements specified in Table 8. The press marks of Brinell hardness can be reserved on the rim surface. Table 8 Values of rim surface hardness Steel designation Brinell hardness value HBW 10/3000 CL60 277~341 CL65 ≥302 CL70 ≥321 4.3.5.2 Measuring points The press mark for measuring the surface hardness of the rim shall be taken in the area specified in Figure 5. Keys: 1—the lower edge of the chamfer at the connection of the outer side of the rim and the tread; 2—the Brignell hardness measurement area. Figure 5 Hardness measurement area on the rim surface 4.3.5.3 Test method The test method shall be in accordance with that specified in GB/T 231.1. Diameter of pressing ball is 10mm. 4.4 Homogenization of heat treatment 4.4.1 Requirements. The change in hardness values measured on the rim of the same wheel shall be smaller than 30 HBW. 4.4.2 Measuring points The hardness shall be measured at three points evenly distributed on the outer side of the rim. The press mark for measuring the surface hardness of the rim shall be taken from the same diameter in the area specified in Figure 5. 4.4.3 Test methods The test method shall be carried out according to GB/T 231.1.The test method shall be in accordance with that specified in GB/T 231.1. Diameter of pressing ball is 10mm Foreword 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Dimension limit deviation and geometric tolerance of the wheel model 4 Technical requirements and inspection methods 5 Inspection rules 6 Marking 7 Packaging and protection 8 Quality certificate 9 Requirements for use Annex A (Normative) Testing of hydrogen content in steel for solid wheels Annex B (Normative) Fatigue test Annex C (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method Annex D (Normative) Magnetic particle inspection Annex E (Normative) Imbalance elimination method 铁路货车用辗钢整体车轮 1 范围 本标准规定了铁路货车用辗钢整体车轮尺寸极限偏差及形位公差、技术要求和试验方法、检验规则、标志、包装及防护、质量证明书。 本标准适用于最高运行速度小于等于120km/h铁路车用辗钢整体车轮。快捷货车用辗钢整体车轮可参照执行。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB/T 223 钢铁及合金化学分析 GB/T 228.1 金属材料 拉伸试验 第1部分：室温试验方法 GB/T 229 金属材料 夏比摆锤冲击试验方法 GB/T 231.1 金属材料 布氏硬度试验 第1部分：试验方法 GB/T 1182 产品几何技术规范(GPS) 几何公差形状、方向、位置和跳动公差标注 GB/T 4336 碳素钢和中低合金钢 多元素含量的测定 火花放电原子发射光谱法(常规法) GB/T 6394 金属平均晶粒度测定方法 GB/T 9445 无损检测 检调人员资格鉴定与认证 GB/T 10561-2005 钢中非金属夹杂物含量的测定 标准评级图显微检验法 CB/T 13298 金属显微组织检验方法 CB/T 15822.2 无损检测 磁粉检测 第2部分：检测介质 CB/T 15822.3 无损检测 磁粉检测 第3部分：设备 GB/T 18838.3 涂覆涂料前钢材表面处理 喷射清理用金属磨料的技术要求 第3部分：高碳铸钢丸和砂 GB/T 18838.4 涂覆涂料钢材表面处理 喷射清理用金属磨料的技术要求 第4部分：低碳铸钢丸 GB/T 20066 钢和铁 化学成分测定用试样的取样和制样方法 GB/T 20123 钢铁 总碳硫含量的测定 高频感应炉燃烧后红外吸收法(常规方法) GB/T 20125 低合金钢 多元素的测定 电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法 GB/T 27664.1-2011无损检测 超声检测设备的性能与检验 第1部分：仪器 GB/T 27664.2-2011无损检测 超声检测设备的性能与检验 第2部分：探头 GB/T 27664.3-2012无损检测 超声检测设备的性能与检验 第3部分：组合设备 JB/T 10174-2008 钢铁零件强化喷丸的质量检验方法 TB/T 3031-2002 铁路用辗钢整体车轮径向全截面低倍组织缺陷的评定 IS0 6933：1986 铁道机车车辆材料 磁粉探伤验收试验( Railway rolling stock material-Magnetic particle acceptance testing) 3 车轮型式尺寸极限偏差及形位公差 3.1车轮制造商应按照规定程序批准的图样制造和检验。车轮型式示意及外形尺寸符号见图1。 3.2 车轮外形形位公差和尺寸极限偏差见表1。 单位为毫米 图1 车轮型式示意及外形尺寸符号 注1：轮辋内侧面到车轮滚动圆的距离h按产品样图。 注2：Фd01为待组装车轮的轮毂孔直径。 表1 车轮外形形位公差和尺寸极限偏差 单位为毫米 项目 符号（见图1） 形位公差/尺寸极限偏差值 尺寸 几何形状a 轮辋 外径（滚动圆直径） D — ﹢6 0 内径（内侧） D1 — 0 -4 内径（外侧） D2 — 0 -4 宽度 H — ﹢5 ﹢2 同侧轮辋厚度差c ΔB1、ΔB2 — ≤0.4 轮缘和踏面外形b — V1 ≤0.5 滚动圆圆度 — y ≤0.2 表1 车轮外形形位公差和尺寸极限偏差（续） 项目 符号（见图1） 形位公差/尺寸极限偏差值 尺寸 几何形状a 轮辋 内侧面端面跳动 — n ≤0.3 外径（内侧） D31 — ﹢4 0 外径（外侧） D32 — ﹢4 0 长度 L — ±2 内侧辋毂距 F — ﹢2 0 轮毂孔内径 ΔB1、ΔB2 — 0 -4 轮毂孔内径圆柱度 — x ≤1.0 轮毂孔径跳动 — m ≤1.0 同侧轮毂壁厚差d ΔC1、ΔC2 — ≤2 辐板 与轮辋连接处的厚度 S1 — ﹢3 0 与轮毂连接处的厚度 S2 — ﹢3 0 辐板轮廓 — V2 ≤4 a 见GB/T 1182。 b 用样板检查，从轮缘顶部延伸至外倒角局部间隙。 c 按图中B1和B2指定位置，至少取3个数据，计算其最大差值。 d 按图中C1和C2指定位置，至少取3个数据，计算其最大差值。 4 技术要求和检验方法 4.1 车轮钢坯 4.1.1要求 4.1.1.1 车轮钢应采用经炉外精炼和真空脱气处理。钢坯采用连铸或模铸方法制造。模铸钢锭应从底部浇铸。钢水氢含量不应大于2.0×10-6，，钢水氢含量的分析应按附录A规定的任一方法进行。 4.1.1.2 钢坯表面不应有影响车轮轧制质量的缺陷。如采用模铸钢锭制造车轮，钢锭应切头处理，切头量应足以消除钢锭两端影响车轮质量的有害部分。 4.1.1.3 车轮钢牌号、代号和化学成分(熔炼分析)见表2。 表2 车轮钢牌号和化学成分（熔炼分析） 钢牌号 钢代号 质量分数 ％ C Si Mn P S Cr Cu Mo Ni V Cr+Mo+Ni CL60 Ⅱ 0.55～0.65 0.17～0.37 0.50～0.80 ≤0.025 ≤0.025 ≤0.25 ≤0.25 ≤0.08 ≤0.25 ≤0.06 ≤0.50 CL65 Ⅲ 0.57～0.67 ≤1.00 ≤1.20 ≤0.025 ≤0.025 ≤0.30 ≤0.30 ≤0.06 ≤0.25 ≤0.08 ≤0.50 CL70 Ⅳ 0.67～0.77 ≤1.00 ≤1.20 ≤0.025 ≤0.025 ≤0.30 ≤0.30 ≤0.06 ≤0.25 ≤0.08 ≤0.50 4.1.2试验方法 车轮钢的熔炼化学分析，每炉应至少去一个试样，其取样和分析试验按GB/T 20066和GB/T 223或GB/T 4336规定的方法进行。 4.2 车轮制造 4.2.1 要求 4.2.1.1 车轮应经整体锻造或轧制成型，在热成形加热时，应防止车轮钢坯过热、过烧。 4.2.1.2 车轮轮辋应进行淬火和回火处理，淬火时应防止辐板金水。 4.2.1.3 车轮成品的化学成分分析与熔炼分析允许偏差见表3。 表3 化学成分允许偏差 钢牌号 允许偏差（质量分数） % C Si Mn P S Cr Cu Mo Ni V CL60 +0.03 -0.02 +0.03 -0.02 +0.03 -0.03 +0.05 0 +0.05 0 +0.03 0 +0.03 0 +0.02 0 +0.03 0 +0.01 0 CL65 +0.03 -0.02 +0.03 0 +0.03 0 +0.05 0 +0.05 0 +0.03 0 +0.03 0 +0.02 0 +0.03 0 +0.01 0 CL70 +0.03 -0.02 +0.03 0 +0.03 0 +0.05 0 +0.05 0 +0.03 0 +0.03 0 +0.02 0 +0.03 0 +0.01 0 成品化学成分允许偏差是指成品车轮的化学成分与表2规定的偏差。 4.2.2 试验方法 成品车轮的化学分析应在轮辋标称直径处的踏面下30mm处取不少于50g的钢屑试样，其分析方法按GB/T 223的规定进行。当采用光谱分析时，可使用拉伸试样端部，试验按GB/T 4336规定的方法进行。成品车轮的化学分析也可按GB/T 20123、GB/T 20125规定的方法进行。当出现异议时，按GB/T 223规定的方法进行仲裁。 4.3 力学性能 4.3.1 拉伸性能 4.3.1.1 要求 车轮拉伸性能见表4。 表4 拉伸性能 钢牌号 轮辋 辐板 上屈服强度ReHa N/mm2 抗拉强度Rm N/mm2 断后伸长率A4% 断面收缩率Z% Rm减小值b N/mm2 断后伸长率A5 % CL60 ≥580 ≥910 ≥10 ≥14 ≥120 ≥14 CL65 ≥620 ≥1010 ≥10 ≥14 ≥130 ≥12 CL70 ≥650 ≥1050 ≥10 ≥14 ≥130 ≥10 a如果没有明显的屈服强度出现，应确定应力Rp0.2。 b同一车轮上相对于轮辋抗拉强度的减小值。 4.3.1.2试样位置 试样应取自车轮的轮辋和辐板处，其位置如图2所示。 单位为毫米 说明： 1——轮辋拉伸试样； 2——辐板拉伸试样。 图2拉伸试样取样位置 4.3.1.3 试验方法 试验应按GB/T 228.1规定的方法进行。辐板拉伸试样平行长度内直径为10mm，原始标距为其直径的5倍。轮辋拉伸试样平行长度内直径为15mm，原始标距为其直径4倍。 4.3.2 冲击性能 4.3.2.1要求 冲击试验值得平均值见表5，检验结果取3个试样的算数平均值，单个试样最小值不应低于表5规定值70%。试验温度为+20℃，应采用U形缺口，深度为2mm试样。 表5 冲击性能 单位为焦耳 钢牌号 冲击吸收能量KU2（20℃） 轮辋 辐板 CL60 — ≥16 CL65 ≥20 ≥16 CL70 ≥18 ≥12 4.3.2.2 试验位置 冲击试验取样位置见图3. 单位为毫米 轮辋冲击 辐板冲击 注：轮辋、辐板冲击试样，缺口朝向外侧面。 图3 冲击试样取样位置 4.3.2.3 试验方法 试验应按GB/T 229规定的方法进行。 4.3.3 轮辋断面硬度 4.3.3.1 要求 在轮辋整个磨耗区域内布氏硬度最小值应大于或等于表6中规定的值。即使磨耗深度不超过30mm，在踏面下最大深度为30mm处也应达到表6规定的硬度值。 当磨耗极限小于30mm时，轮辋—辐板过渡处（图4点A）的硬度至少比30mm处硬度值低10HBW；当磨好极限大于30mm时，轮辋—辐板过渡处（图4点A）的硬度至少比磨耗极限处硬度值低10HBW。 表6 轮辋处硬度值 钢板号 布氏硬度最小值HBW 10/3000 CL60 265 CL65 280 CL70 300 4.3.3.2 读数位置 如图4所示，在轮辋径向截面上测4点硬度。 单位为毫米 说明： 1—踏面下最大深度为30mm处或磨耗极限处； 2—加工后的车轮内侧面； 3—滚动圆直径。 图4 轮辋径向截面硬度读数位置 4.3.3.3 试验方法 试验应按GB/T 231.1 规定的方法进行。压头直径为10mm。 4.3.4 疲劳性能 4.3.4.1 要求 在规定的试验应力下、经过107次循环后车轮不应产生裂纹。辐板径向试验应力见表7。 表7 径向应力 对称加载 机加工辐板 检验的径向应力值 ±240N/mm2 4.3.4.2 试验方法 疲劳试验的式样、方法及装置的具体要求见附录B。 4.3.5 轮辋表面硬度 4.3.5.1 要求 热处理后，应对每一车轮进行轮辋表面硬度检测，试验可以在机械加工前进行，表面硬度值应符合表8的规定。布氏硬度压痕可以留在轮辋表面。 表8 轮辋表面硬度值 钢号 布氏硬度值 HBW 10/3000 CL60 277~341 CL65 ≥302 CL70 ≥321 4.3.5.2 读数位置 测量轮辋表面硬度的压痕应在图5所规定的区域内取得。 单位为毫米 说明： 1—轮辋外侧面与踏面连接倒角下沿； 2—布氏硬度测量区域。 图5 轮辋表面硬度测量区域 4.3.5.3 试验方法 试验方法按GB/T 231.1的规定进行。压球直径为10mm。 4.4 热处理均匀性 4.4.1 要求 在同一车轮的轮辋上测量的硬度值变动应在30HBW范围内。 4.4.2 读书位置 应在轮辋外侧面上均匀分布的3个点上测量硬度。压痕应在图5所规定的区域内的相同直径上取得。 4.4.3 试验方法 试验方法按GB/T 231.1的规定进行。压球直径为10mm。 4.5 显微组织、晶粒度及非金属夹杂物 4.5.1 要求 4.5.1.1 车轮轮辋经淬火和回火处理后，其显微组织应为细珠光体+铁素体，不应存在影响车轮使用性能的其他有害组织。 4.5.1.2 车轮轮辋经淬火和回火处理后，晶粒度试样所有视场应显示为均匀的细晶粒组织，晶粒度不应低于6级。 4.5.1.3 车轮非金属夹杂物级别见表9。 表9 非金属夹杂物级别 夹杂物类型 非金属夹杂物级别 粗系（最大） 细系（最大） A（硫化物类） 2.0 2.0 B（氧化铝类） 1.0 1.0 C（硅酸盐类） 2.0 2.0 D（球状氧化物类） 2.0 2.0 4.5.2 取样位置 显微组织和晶粒度检验面应为轮辋横断面，见图6a）。非金属夹杂物检验评定试样取样位置见图6b），检验面应平行于轮辋外侧面。 单位毫米 说明： 1—滚动圆； 2—观察面 图6显微组织、晶粒度和非金属夹杂物检验 4.5.3试验方法 4.5.3.1 按GB/T 13298规定的方法进行显微组织检验。 4.5.3.2 按GB/T 6394规定的比较法进行晶粒度的评定，晶粒度的显示按供需双方商定的方法进行。 4.5.3.3 按GB/T 10561—2005规定的A方法进行非金属夹杂物检验。 4.6低倍组织 4.6.1 要求 车轮低倍试片上不应有白点、缩孔残余、分层、裂纹、翻皮、异型偏析、异金属夹杂等。一般疏松、中 心疏松和偏析分别不应严重于TB/T 3031—2002中图1、图2和图3的限定。 各型非金属夹杂物应小于或等于2级。 4.6.2试验位置 车轮低倍检验试样为车轮半径方向整个横截面。 4.6.3试验方法 按TB/T 3031—2002规定的方法进行检验和评定。 4.7 内部完好性 4.7.1 验收标准 4.7.1.1 要求 内部完好性应通过超声波检测确定。标准缺陷为不同直径的平底孔，要求见表10。 表10标准缺陷直径 项目 要求 轮辋标准缺陷直径 2 辐板标准缺陷直径 3和5 轮毂标准缺陷直径 3和5 4.7.1.2轮辋 不应有大于或等于Ф2mm平底孔当量大小的缺陷。在轴向表层检测时，回波衰减不应高于4 dB。 若踏面表层探伤盲区小于或等于5 mm，则可不进行踏面表层轴向探伤。 4.7.1.3 辐板 不应有： a) 10个以上大于或等于Ф3 mm平底孔当量的缺陷； b) 大于或等于Ф5 mm平底孔当量的缺陷。 两个允许存在的缺陷之间的距离至少应为50 mm。 4.7.1.4轮毂 在端面扫查时，回波衰减应小于6 dB。同时不应有以下缺陷： a) 3个以上大于或等于Ф3 mm平底孔当量的缺陷； b) 大于或等于Ф5 mm平底孔当量缺陷。 两个允许存在的缺陷之间的距离至少应为50 mm。 4.7.2检测方法 超声波检测方法见附录C。 4.8残余应力 4.8.1 要求 4.8.1.1 车轮热处理应在轮辋内产生周向残余压应力区，并应同时保证使用性能。 4.8.1.2 在轮辋外侧面上位于轮辋厚度的中心处做两个相距100 mm的标记，然后从轮缘顶部开始直达轮毂孔进行径向切割，切缝应在两个标记中间，通过测量两个标记之间距离的减缩来检验压应力的存在。内部应力释放后，两个标记之间距离的缩小值应在1 mm～5 mm范围内。 4.8.2试样 试样应为热处理后的整个车轮。 4.8.3试验方法 用切割法进行残余应力检验时，应在轮辋外侧面上位于轮辋厚度的中心处做两个相距100 mm的标记，然后从轮缘顶部开始直达轮毂孔进行径向切割，切缝应在两个标记中间，通过测量两个标记之间距离的减缩来检验压应力的存在。 4.9表面完好性 4.9.1要求 4.9.1.1 表面完好性应通过磁粉探伤进行确定。磁粉探伤范围为整个车轮表面(轮毂孔和踏面除外)。 4.9.1.2 磁粉探伤应在最终机加工后、抛丸和防腐处理前进行。 4.9.1.3 车轮表面不应存在裂纹。不连续性磁痕显示可以用机械加工或磨削的方法去除，去除后的车轮需重新进行磁粉探伤。 4.9.1.4应对最终的成品车轮进行剩磁检查，其剩磁不应大于0.7 mT。 4.9.2检验方法 磁粉探伤方法见附录D。 |
联系我们
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
微信联系客服
|
| 关于我们 | 联系我们 | 收费付款 |
| 服务热线：400-001-5431 | 电话：010-8572 5110 | 传真：010-8581 9515 | Email: bz@bzfyw.com | |
版权所有： 北京悦尔信息技术有限公司 2008-2020 京ICP备17065875号-1
51La
|
| 本页关键词： |
| TB/T 2817-2018, TB 2817-2018, TBT 2817-2018, TB/T2817-2018, TB/T 2817, TB/T2817, TB2817-2018, TB 2817, TB2817, TBT2817-2018, TBT 2817, TBT2817 |