1 General Provisions
1.0.1 This code is formulated with view to implementing China's relevant technical and economic policies in the deformation measurement of building and structure and achieving safety applicability, advanced technology, economic rationality and guaranteed quality.
1.0.2 This specification is applicable to technical design implementation, results compilation and quality inspection and acceptance for deformation measurement of various buildings and structures during construction period and service period.
1.0.3 Deformation measurement of building and structure shall not only meet those specified in this code, but also comply with the requirements of relevant national current standards.
2 Terms and Symbols
2.1 Terms
2.1.1 deformation
a phenomenon of changes in shape or position of the building and structure generated under the action of load. It may be classified into two categories of settlement and displacement. The former indicates vertical deformation, including sinking and elevating, while the latter is a general term for deformations (except settlement), including horizontal displacement, inclination, deflection, crack, convergence deformation, wind loading deformation and sunshining deformation etc.
2.1.2 deformation measurement of building and structure
observation on the changes in the shape or position of the field, ground, foundation, upper structure and surroundings of the building or structure generated under the action of load, as well as processing, expression and analysis on observation results
2.1.3 differential settlement
the non-uniform settlement generated at different positions during the same period
2.1.4 inclination
inclination includes foundation inclination and upper structure inclination. The former refers to the differential settlement caused by non-uniform settlement on both ends of the foundation, while the latter refers to the deviation of center line of the building and structure or certain point on its wall and column from the corresponding point at the bottom
2.1.5 deflection
the deformation of foundation, member or upper structure of the building and structure caused by deflection under the action of the bending moment
2.1.6 convergence deformation
the deformation of the buildings and structures like tunnel and culvert due to changes in surrounding rock stress during construction or operation
2.1.7 wind loading deformation
the deformation of the building and structure generated under the action of strong wind.
2.1.8 sunshining deformation
the deformation of the building and structure generated due to non-uniform heating by sunshining
2.1.9 deformation value
the value of deformation, also referred to as deformation amount
2.1.10 allowable deformation value
deformation control value determined in order to guarantee normal use of the building and structure
2.1.11 prewarning deformation value
warning value calculated in certain proportion of allowable deformation value or given directly according to deformation sensitivity of the building and structure within the range of allowable deformation value
2.1.12 benchmark, reference point
stable and long-time measuring point arranged for the purpose of deformation measurement, which may be classified into settlement benchmark and displacement benchmark according to types of the deformation measurement
2.1.13 working reference point
relatively stable measuring point arranged for the convenience of field deformation observation, which may be classified into settlement working reference point and displacement working reference point according to types of the deformation measurement
1 General Provisions
2 Terms and Symbols
2.1 Terms
2.2 Symbols
3 Basic Requirements
3.1 General Requirements
3.2 Accuracy Class
3.3 Technical Design and Implementation
4 Deformation Observation Methods
4.1 General Requirements
4.2 Leveling Survey
4.3 Hydrostatic Leveling
4.4 Trigonometric leveling
4.5 Surveying with Total Station
4.6 Surveying with GNSS
4.7 Laser-based Surveying
4.8 Close Range Photogrammetry
5 Layout and Surveying of Benchmarks
5.1 General Requirements
5.2 Layout and Surveying of Settlement Benchmarks
5.3 Layout and Surveying of Displacement Benchmarks
5.4 Stability Analysis of Benchmarks
6 Deformation Observation for Field, Ground and Surroundings
6.1 Settlement Observation for Ground
6.2 Settlement Observation for Foundation Soil Layers
6.3 Slope Displacement Monitoring
6.4 Deformation Observation for Foundation Pit and Supported Structure
6.5 Deformation Observation for Surroundings
7 Deformation Observation of Foundation and Upper Structure
7.1 Settlement Observation
7.2 Horizontal Displacement Observation
7.3 Inclination Observation
7.4 Crack Observation
7.5 Deflection Observation
7.6 Convergence Deformation Observation
7.7 Sunshining Deformation Observation
7.8 Wind Loading Deformation Observation
7.9 Structural Health Monitoring
8 Results Compilation and Analysis
8.1 General Requirements
8.2 Data Compilation
8.3 Monitoring Points Analysis
8.4 Modeling and Prediction
9 Quality Inspection and Acceptance
9.1 General Requirements
9.2 Quality Inspection
9.3 Quality Acceptance
Annex A Deformation Observation Results
Annex B Quality Inspection Log
Explanation of Wording in This Code
List of Quoted Standards
