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GB/T 2893 Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs is divided into 5 parts:
——Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and safety markings;
——Part 2: Design principles for product safety labels;
——Part3: Design principles for graphical symbols used in safety signs;
——Part 4: Colorimetric and photometric properties of safety sign materials;
——Part 5: Principles and requirements for the use of safety signs;
This is Part 5 of GB/T 2893.
This part is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This part was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Graphical Symbols of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 59).
Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 5: Principles and requirements for the use of safety signs
Important notes: Colours presented in electronic documents in this part of GB/T 2893 cannot be viewed as true colours on the screen or used for printing. Although the colours used in this part is acceptable (within allowable deviations by visual inspection), the printed version cannot be used for colour matching. Please refer to GB/T 2893.4 for the requirements of colour matching, which gives the colour reference value of the colour sequencing system as well as colorimetric and photometric properties.
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 2893 specifies the principles and requirements for selecting, combining and setting safety signs in actual use.
This part is applicable to safety signs used in public places, workplaces or public buildings other than private residences.
This part does not apply to:
——Road traffic signs;
——Public information graphical symbols;
——Symbols for transport of dangerous goods.
This part does not include the use requirements of evacuation route signs and water safety signs.
Note 1: Evacuation route signs and their use requirements are specified in GB/T 23809.
Note 2: Water safety signs and their use guidelines are stipulated in GB/T 25895.1 and GB/T 25895.3 respectively.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 2893.1 Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and safety markings
GB/T 2893.3 Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part3: Design principles for graphical symbols used in safety signs
GB/T 2893.4 Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 4: Colorimetric and photometric properties of safety sign materials
GB 2894 Safety signs and guideline for the use
GB 7000.1 Luminaires — Part 1: General requirements and tests
GB 13495.1 Fire safety signs — Part 1: Signs
GB/T 15565 Graphical symbols — Terms
GB/T 20002.4 Drafting for special aspects in standards — Part 4: Safety aspects for their inclusion in standards
GB/T 31523.1 Safety information identification systems — Part 1: Signs
GB/T 31523.2 Safety information identification systems — Part 2: Setting principles and requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 15565 and GB/T 20002.4 apply.
4 Usage Principles
4.1 The types and functions of safety signs shall comply with those specified in GB/T 2893.1. Safety signs may be presented in a variety of forms, including but not limited to plates, labels or directly being painted on carriers.
4.2 Safety signs should be used to ensure that observers within the maximum observation distance can know the locations and nature of the hazard sources and the measures needed to control the risk to an acceptable level.
4.3 The safety signs used shall also comply with the following principles:
a) They shall be easily noticed with sufficient contrast with the environment in which they are used;
b) They shall be always within the sight of the observer without occasionally being obscured (e.g. by an open door);
c) They shall be sufficiently large in size and adequately illuminated over the viewing distance.
5 Usage requirements
5.1 Demand analysis
5.1.1 In the target site, the safety signs that shall be set according to the requirements of relevant laws and regulations or the provisions of safe production shall be given priority. The use of other safety signs shall be based on a risk assessment that identifies and determines the types of hazards present in the target site and the specific risks associated with each hazard.
Note: The types of hazards may usually be classified according to physical, chemical, biological and psychological aspects.
5.1.2 Risk control shall be carried out first after hazard sources are determined through risk assessment. The preferred risk control measure shall be to eliminate hazard sources, followed by preventing personnel from coming into contact with hazard sources. If none of the above measures are feasible, or there are still residual risks after taking the above measures, safety signs shall be used to convey the corresponding safety information. The risk should not be avoided by relying solely on safety signs when the source of the hazard can be and shall be eliminated.
Example: The hazard source is uneven ground, which may cause pedestrians to fall down. Thus, the measures to be taken are as follows:
——First, eliminate hazards by leveling the ground;
——Second, set up effective barriers (i.e. guardrails) to prevent people from coming into contact with the hazard source;
——Third, if the first and the second options are unfeasible, set safety signs to remind people of the hazards there.
5.1.3 Only significant risks should be considered in the process of risk assessment. It is advisable to specify a trade-off indicator in the risk assessment, and the risks that are obviously small, impossible to present, or not significant in potential harm may not be considered.
5.1.4 The following aspects should also be considered when analyzing the requirements of safety signs:
a) Needs for implementing risk controls, including:
1) Prohibition of hazardous actions or behaviors;
2) Prohibition of specific persons, processes or practices;
3) Specific actions, processes or practices that shall be performed.
b) Needs for implementing emergency plans:
1) Determination of the location of safety equipment and facilities;
2) Determination of the location of fire-fighting equipment and facilities.
c) Requirements of health and safety laws or regulations.
d) Requirements from government administrative department.
e) Other requirements of the site manager and the person in charge.
5.2 Selection and use
5.2.1 The following factors should be considered when selecting safety signs:
a) Regular and non-regular activities in the evaluation area;
b) The activities of all persons who are likely to be present in the evaluation area;
c) The condition of all equipment and facilities in the evaluation area;
d) Whether there is any conflict against the safety management documents or system in the site.
5.2.2 Safety signs shall be preferentially selected from national standards such as GB/T 31523.1, GB 2894 and GB 13495.1.
5.2.3 If the required safety signs are not specified in the current national standards, a combination sign containing general safety signs (including general warning signs, general prohibition signs and general mandatory action signs, see GB/T 31523.1) and text supplementary signs should be given priority to express the required safety information, or new safety signs may be designed according to the regulations of GB/T 2893.1 and GB/T 2893.3.
5.2.4 The conspicuousness of safety signs in use may be increased by using borders, a strip of a certain width that marks the contrast colour of enclosure outer edge and its colour. The borders of safety signs should comply with the regulations of GB/T 31523.2.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Usage Principles
5 Usage requirements
5.1 Demand analysis
5.2 Selection and use
5.3 Usage of supplementary text
5.4 Influence zone
6 Evaluation and maintenance
6.1 Evaluation
6.2 Maintenance
Annex A (Informative) Application example of influence zone of safety sign
Annex B (Informative) Setting examples of safety signs
Bibliography
