Design of cylindrical helical springs
1 Scope
This standard specifies the design of cylindrical helical springs of circular cross-section materials.
This standard is applicable to cylindrical helical compression springs, extension springs, and torsion springs (hereinafter referred to as springs) of circular cross-section materials.
This standard is not applicable to springs of non-circular cross-section materials, special materials and special properties.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments (excluding corrections) to, or revisions, of any of these publications do not apply. However parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition applies.
GB/T 1222 Spring steels
GB/T 1239.1 Cold coiled helical springs technical specifications - Part 1: Extension spring
GB/T 1239.2 Cold coiled helical springs technical specifications - Part 2: Compressions spring
GB/T 1239.3 Cold coiled helical springs technical specifications - Part 3: Torsion spring
GB/T 1358 Helical spring seriate sizes
GB/T 1805 Nomenclature of springs
GB/T 4357-1989 Carbon spring steel wires (neq JIS G 3521:1984)
GB/T 18983 Oil-hardened and tempered steel wire for mechanical springs (GB/T 18983-2003, ISO/FDIS 8458-3:1992, MOD)
GB/T 21652 Copper and copper alloy wire
GB/T 23934-2009 Hot coiled helical compression springs - Technical specifications
YB/T 5311 Carbon spring steel wire for significant use
YB/T 5318 Alloy spring steel wires
YB(T)11 Stainless steel wires for spring
YS/T 571 Copper-beryllium alloy wires
3 Parameter names and codes of the springs
For the purpose of this standard, the terms and symbols specified in GB/T 1805 and Table 1 apply.
Table 1
5 Load type and allowable stress of springs
5.1 Static load and dynamic load
5.1.1 Static load
a) Constant load;
b) Variable load, but with cycle times N<104 times.
5.1.2 Dynamic load
The load is variable, with cycle times N≥104 times.
According to cycle times, the dynamic load is divided into:
a) Finite fatigue life: The load cycle times of cold coiled springs N≥104~106; and that of hot coiled springs N≥104~105;
b) Infinite fatigue life: The load cycle times of cold coiled springs N≥107; and that of hot coiled springs N≥2×106.
When the load cycle times of cold coiled springs is between 106 and 107, and that of hot coiled springs is between 105 and 2×106, the design of finite or infinite fatigue life may be referred to according to the service conditions.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Parameter names and codes of the springs
4 Materials
5 Load type and allowable stress of springs
6 Design of cylindrical helical compression springs
7 Design of cylindrical helical tension springs
8 Design of cylindrical helical torsion springs
Annex A (Informative) Shear modulus G, elastic modulus E and recommended service temperature of spring material
Annex B (Informative) Allowable shear stress and bending stress of materials
Annex C (Informative) Design Example of cylindrical helical compression spring
Annex D (Informative) Design example of cylindrical helical tension spring
Annex E (Informative) Design example of cylindrical helical torsion spring
Annex F
