Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is not equivalent to "Steel Wire Ropes - Vocabulary" (ISO 2532:1974).
This standard replaces the "Acceptance" (Chapter 4) and "Defects" (Chapter 5) of "Steel Wire Ropes - Terminology" (GB/T 8706-1988).
Compared with the "Acceptance" (Chapter 4) and "Defects" (Chapter 5) of GB/T 8706-1988, the main changes of this standard are as follows:
- The terms "random sample taking", "chemistry analysis", "microstructural defect" and "roundness" are respectively changed to "random sampling", "chemical analysis", "micro defect" and "out-of-roundness";
- The terms "periodic sampling", "online sampling", "groove or bulge" and "surficial spalling" are deleted;
- The term "low torsional stresses" is added; the "method of casting" and "method of pressing pipe" are added in the tensile test of steel wire ropes;
- The definition of "batch" is modified;
- The terms "extruding of steel wire rope corn", "extruding of steel wire", "kinking", "flattening of parts", "local decrease in diameter", "local increase in diameter", "flexing", "corrosion", "local aggregation of broken wire" and "decrease of elasticity" are added;
- The "vocabulary index" is added.
This standard was proposed by the China Iron and Steel Association.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Iron and Steel of Standardization Administration of China.
Drafting organizations of this standard: National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for Metal Products, Guizhou Wire Rope Incorporated Company, Jiangsu Langshan Wirerope Co., Ltd. and China Metallurgical Information and Standardization Institute.
Chief drafting staff of this standard: Hong Tao, Heng Junhua, Yang Hongying, Deng Haiyan, Wang Lingjun and Dai Shifeng.
The previous edition of the standard replaced by this standard:
- GB/T 8706-1988.
Steel Wire Ropes - Vocabulary for Acceptance and Defect
钢丝绳 验收及缺陷术语
1 Scope
This standard specifies the common terms for acceptance and defects of steel wire ropes during their production and services.
This standard is applicable to the general requirements for acceptance and defects of steel wire ropes. Where other provisions are stated in the product standard, the provisions shall prevail.
2 Acceptance Terms
2.1
Sampling
2.1.1
Acceptance
The sampling and inspection judgment procedure for inspecting individual or batch of products according to the requirements of relevant standards and specifications.
2.1.2
Rejection
The demander rejects to accept the products not conforming to relevant standards and specifications.
2.1.3
Batch
The total amount of unit products which are delivered for acceptance simultaneously with the same construction, specification, nominal tensile strength grade and surface state.
2.1.4
Sample
2.1.4.1
Size of sample
2.1.4.2
Sample of wire
2.1.4.3
Sample of rope
2.1.4.4
Sample of core
2.1.5
Sampling inspection
According to statistical sampling technique, the process to deduce the total quality of a batch of products by inspecting part of unit products taken from the batch.
2.1.6
100% inspection
The inspection for all delivered and accepted unit products.
2.1.7
Random sampling
The sampling method for which the unit products are casually sampled from inspection batch.
2.1.8
Primary test
2.1.9
Repeat test
Where a product is judged as unqualified in primary test, its defective item shall be retested according to the method and quantity specified in standard.
2.2
Inspection of Steel Wires
2.2.1
Sample
2.2.1.1
Origin
The samples originate from steel wire rope.
2.2.1.2
Straightening
In order to facilitate the test and guarantee its accuracy, the sample is straightened by hands or tools without damaging sample surface or affecting its mechanical performance.
2.2.2
Chemical analysis
2.2.2.1
Product analysis
The chemical analysis carried out for the samples extracted from steel wire ropes.
2.2.2.2
Permissible percentage limits for elements
2.2.2.3
Permissible tolerances for product analysis
2.2.3
Micrographic inspection
2.2.3.1
Microstructure
2.2.3.2
Heterogeneity
2.2.3.3
Inclusions
2.2.3.4
Band structure
2.2.3.5
Surface decarburization
2.2.3.6
Martensite
2.2.3.7
Cracks or fissures
2.2.3.8
Shells
2.2.3.9
Segregation
2.2.4
Dimensional inspection
The determination for cross sectional dimension of circular or profiled wire.
2.2.5
Tensile test
The test to determine the tensile strength and percentage elongation of steel wire under unidirectional static tension.
2.2.5.1
Gauge length
2.2.5.2
Minimum duration of test
2.2.5.3
Speed of test
2.2.5.4
Tensile strength
The ratio between the maximum resistance to fracture and the original cross-sectional area of sample where the steel wire is under unidirectional static tension.
2.2.5.5
Knotting force
The maximum force of knotted sample which is under unidirectional static tension.
2.2.5.6
Ratio of knotting tension
The percentage of the breaking forces for knotting and unknotting of steel wire.
2.2.5.7
Percentage elongation
The percentage of the increased length of gauge length and its original value after the tensile failure of sample.
2.2.6
Reverse bend test
The test to inspect steel wire's ability to bear plastic deformation (fasten one end of steel wire, bend it for 90° around the cylindrical support with specific radius and then bend it in opposite direction).
Foreword I
1 Scope
2 Acceptance Terms
3 Defect Terms
Chinese Index
English Index
钢丝绳 验收及缺陷术语
1 范围
本标准规定了生产和使用中钢丝绳验收、缺陷常用的术语。
本标准适用于钢丝绳验收、缺陷术语的一般规定，当产品标准另有规定时，应按相应标准规定执行。
2 验收术语
2．1
取样 sampling
2．1．1
验收 acceptance
依据有关标准、规范等规定，对产品进行逐个或成批检验而确定的取样数量和检验判定程序。
2．1．2
拒收 rejection
需方对不符合有关标准、规范等规定的产品，不予以接受的现象。
2．1．3
批量 batch
由同一结构、规格、公称抗拉强度级别及表面状态且同时交付验收的单位产品的总量。
2．1．4
试样 sample
2．1．4．1
试样尺寸 size of sample
2．1．4．2
钢丝试样 sample of wire
2．1．4．3
钢丝绳试样 sample of rope
2．1．4．4
钢丝绳芯试样 sample of core
2．1．5
抽样检验 sampling inspection
根据统计抽样技术，从一批产品的总体中抽取部分单位产品，通过检验部分单位产品来推断该批产品总体的质量。
2．1．6
100％检验(全检) 100％inspection
对交付验收的每个单位产品都进行检验。
2．1．7
随机抽样 random sampling
从检查批中单位产品被抽入样本完全是偶然的抽取样本的方法。
2．1．8
初试 primary test
2．1．9
复试 repeat test
初试不合格时，按标准规定的方法和数量，取样重新试验其不合格项目。
2．2
钢丝检验 inspection of steel wires
2．2．1
试样 sample
2．2．1．1
试样来源 origin
试样来源于钢丝绳。
2．2．1．2
试样矫直 straightening
为了试验准确和便于试验，在不损伤试样表面和不影响试样力学性能的前提下，用手或工具将试样矫直。
2．2．2
化学成分分析 chemical analysis
2．2．2．1
成品分析 product analysis
从钢丝绳中抽取试样，对其进行的化学成分分析。
2．2．2．2
元素含量允许范围 permissible percentage limits for elements
2．2．2．3
成品化学成分允许偏差 permissible tolerances for product analysis
2．2．3
金相检验 micrographic inspection
2．2．3．1
显微组织 microstructure
2．2．3．2
不均匀度 heterogeneity
2．2．3．3
夹杂物 inclusions
2．2．3．4
带状组织 band structure
2．2．3．5
表面脱碳 surface decarburization
2．2．3．6
马氏体 martensite
2．2．3．7
裂纹或裂缝 cracks or fissures
2．2．3．8
折叠 shells
2．2．3．9
偏析 segregation
2．2．4
尺寸检验 dimensional inspection
圆形或异形钢丝横截面尺寸的测定。
2．2．5
拉伸试验 tensile test
钢丝在单向静拉力作用下，测定抗拉强度及伸长率等项目的试验。
2．2．5．1
标距 gauge length
2．2．5．2
试验最少持荷时间 minimum duration of test
2．2．5．3
试验速度 speed of test
2．2．5．4
抗拉强度 tensile strength
钢丝在单向静拉力作用下抵抗破断的最大力与试样原始横截面积之比。
2．2．5．5
打结拉力 knotting force
钢丝打结后的试样在单向静拉力作用下测得的最大力。
2．2．5．6
打结率 ratio of knotting tension
打结破断拉力与该钢丝不打结破断拉力的百分比。
2．2．5．7
伸长率 percentage elonation
试样拉断后，标距部分增加的长度与原始标距长度的百分比。
2．2．6
反复弯曲试验 reverse bend test
将钢丝一端固定，绕规定半径的圆柱支座弯曲90°，再沿相反方向弯曲，检查钢丝承受塑性变形能力的试验。
2．2．6．1
弯曲角度 angle of bend
2．2．6．2
圆柱支座半径 radius of cylindrical supports
2．2．6．3
圆柱支座至拨杆底部距离 distance from top tangential plane of cylindricail supports to the bottomface of guids
2．2．6．4
两圆柱支座轴线所在平面与试样最近接触点距离 distance from a plane，defined by the anes of the
cylindrical supports，to the nearest point of contact with the test piece
2．2．6．5
拔杆孔直径 diameter of guide hole
2．2．6．6
张力 tension
为使试样与弯曲圆柱良好接触，用手或特殊装置给试样施加的拉紧力。
2．2．6．7
弯曲速度 rate of bending
2．2．6．8
反复弯曲次数 number of reverse bends
2．2．7
扭转试验 torsion test
检查钢丝在固定或交变方向扭转时的塑性变形性能，并显示不均匀性及内外缺陷的试验。
2．2．7．1
试验类型 type of test
2．2．7．1．1
单向扭转 torsion in one direction
钢丝以自身为轴线，沿一个方向均匀扭转至试样裂断或达到规定扭转次数的试验。
2．2．7．1．2
交变扭转 alternating torsion
钢丝以自身为轴线，向一个方向扭转规定次数后，再向相反方向扭转直至试样断裂或达到规定扭转次数的试验。
2．2．7．2
钳口间距 length between vices
2．2．7．3
张力 tension
为使试样保持平直施加到钢丝上的拉紧力。
2．2．7．4
试验速度 speed of test
2．2．7．5
扭转角度 angle of torsion
2．2．7．6
扭转试样表面 appearance of the twist
2．2．7．7
断口类型 type of fracture
2．2．7．8
扭转次数 number of twists
2．2．8
缠绕(或松懈)试验 wrap(relaxation)test
将钢丝试样在符合相关标准规定直径的芯棒上紧密螺旋缠绕至规定圈数，用于检查试样(有镀层或无镀层)承受缠绕变形能力及镀层牢固性能的试验。
2．2．8．1
芯棒直径 diameter of mandrel
2．2．8．2
缠绕速度 speed of wrap
2．2．8．3
缠绕圈数 number of turns
2．2．9
镀层试验 inspection of coating
检查钢丝单位面积的镀层重量、牢固性及均匀性的试验。
2．2．9．1
镀层重量测定 determination of mass
用气体法或重量法测定单位表面积上的镀层重量。
2．2．9．2
牢固性能试验 adhesion test
用缠绕试验测定镀层结合的牢固性。
2．2．9．3
硫酸铜试验 immersion test
用硫酸铜溶液浸置测定镀层的均匀性。
2．2．9．4
盐雾试验 salt spray test
用硫酸铜溶液浸置测定镀锌层的均匀性。
2．3
钢丝绳检验 inspection of steel wire ropes
2．3．1
外观及尺寸检查 visual and dimensional examination
2．3．1．1
钢丝绳直径(尺寸)偏差 tolerances on the diameter of steel wire ropes
2．3．1．2
不圆度 out-of-roundness
2．3．1．3
捻距 lay pitch
2．3．1．4
捻法 type of lay
2．3．1．5
结构 construction
2．3．1．6
捻制质量 lay quality
2.3.1.7
不松散性 low torsional stresses
2．3．1．8
涂油均匀性 continuity of lubrication
2．3．1．9
平直度 straightness
2．3．1．10
残余扭转 residual torsion
2．3．2
拆股试验 dismantle strand test
钢丝绳股(部分或全部)拆散成单丝进行试验来考核钢丝绳内钢丝破断拉力总和及钢丝绳中钢丝的性能。
2．3．3
破断拉伸试验 tensile test
钢丝绳试样在单向静拉力作用下，测定其破断拉力及伸长率等项目的试验。
2．3．3．1
试样夹持方法 method of gripping
a) 直接夹持法 method of directly gripping
钢丝绳试样直接夹持在试验机夹具内进行拉伸试验的方法。
b) 浇铸法 method of casting
将钢丝绳试样散头用熔融金属浇铸，冷却到常温后，夹持在试验机夹具座内进行拉伸试验的方法。
c) 缠绕法 method of winding on durm
将钢丝绳试样直接缠绕在试验机缠绕轮上进行拉伸试验的方法。
d) 套压法 method of pressing pipe
将钢丝绳试样用套管压紧，再夹持在试验机夹具内进行拉伸试验的方法。
2．3．3．2
伸长率 percentage elongation
标距的伸长与原始标距的百分比。
a)弹性伸长率 percentage elastic elongation
标距的弹性伸长与原始标距的百分比。
b)永久延伸率(残余伸长率) percentage permanent elongation
试样卸除拉伸力后标距的伸长与原始标距的百分比。
2．3．3．3
实际弹性模量 actual modulus of elasticity
2．3．3．4
破断拉力 breaking force
2．3．3．5
断口位置和形式 position and type of fracture
2．3．4
含油率 oil content
2．3．4．1
钢丝绳含油率 oil content in steel wire ropes
2．3．4．2
芯含油率 oil content in fibre cores
2．3．4．3
股含油率 oil content in strands
2．3．5
疲劳试验 fatigue test
测定钢丝绳试样在规定的交变应力作用下，承受反复弯曲或冲击载荷能力的试验。
2．3．6
旋转性能试验 rotational property test
通过试验观测到的试样单位长度上的旋转角度。
3 缺陷术语
3．1
制造期间 during manufacture
3．1．1
断丝 fracture of wire
钢丝绳股中出现钢丝断裂的现象。
3．1．2
缺丝 short of wire
钢丝绳股中出现缺少钢丝的现象。
3．1．3
混丝 mixture of wire
钢丝绳股中相同公称直径钢丝中出现不同公称直径间隔钢丝的现象。
3．1．4
混强度 mixture of strength
钢丝绳股中相同公称抗拉强度级钢丝中出现不符合本级别抗拉强度范围的钢丝的现象。
3．1．5
钢丝交错 transposition of wires
钢丝绳表面出现钢丝交叉，钢丝不在规定的几何位置的现象。
3．1．6
接头不良 irregular joining of wires
钢丝绳中钢丝接头方法不当、接头中心不正、焊接不良等现象。
3．1．7
裂纹 craze
钢丝表面出现开裂的现象。
3．1．8
镀层开裂 craze of coating
钢丝表面镀层出现裂纹或分层的现象。
3．1．9
镀层脱落 desquamation of coating
钢丝表面镀层出现脱落的现象。
3．1．10
股丝松动 slack of wire in strand
钢丝绳股中钢丝出现松动的现象。
3．1．11
股丝松散 untwisting of wires in strand
钢丝绳端头松懈或截断后，股中钢丝松开不成形的现象。
3．1．12
股松紧不均 relaxation of strands
钢丝绳制造过程中由于张紧力或预变形不均匀造成个别股出现突起或陷落的现象。
3．1．13
股芯外露 discovery of core in strand
股芯从钢丝缝隙间露出的现象。
3．1．14
股间隙不均匀 discontinuity of strand clearance
3．1．15
钢丝绳松散 untwisting of strands in rope
3．1．16
捻距不均 variation in pitch
钢丝绳或股全长或局部出现捻距不均匀的现象。
3．1．17
绳芯外露 discovery of core in rope
绳芯从钢丝绳股缝隙间露出的现象。
3．1．18
涂油不良 irregular greasing
钢丝绳表面或绳芯的油脂短缺或不均匀的现象。
3．2
运输及使用期间 transport and period of service time
3．2．1
表面损伤 surface damage
钢丝绳或钢丝表面因与外部接触而产生的挤伤、压伤、碰伤、挂伤、刮伤或钉伤等伤痕。
3．2．2
变形 deterioration of ropes
钢丝绳失去正常形状或结构破坏的现象。
3．2．2．1
波浪形 waviness
钢丝绳的纵向轴线成螺旋线形状。
3．2．2．2
灯笼形 bird-caging
多股钢丝绳的外层股浮起而形成类似灯笼状的形状。
3．2．2．3
绳芯挤出 extruding of steel wire rope corn
绳芯从钢丝绳股缝隙间被挤出的现象。
3．2．2．4
钢丝挤出 extruding of steel wire
钢丝或钢丝束在钢丝绳一侧拱起成环状的变形。
3．2．2．5
扭结 kinking
钢丝绳成环状在不可能绕其轴线转动的情况下被拉紧而造成的变形，钢丝绳局部有加捻或松捻现象。
3．2．2．6
部分被压扁 flattening of parts
3．2．2．7
绳径局部减小 local decrease in diameter
钢丝绳因机械磨损、绳芯缩细、局部锈蚀、局部扭结及断丝等原因而造成横截面的局部减少。
3．2．2．8
绳径局部增大 local increase in diameter
钢丝绳因绳芯畸变而造成横截面的局部增大。
3．2．2．9
弯折 flex
钢丝绳在外界影响下引起的角度变形。
3．2．3
机械磨损 physical deterioration
3．2．3．1
内部磨损 inter deterioration
钢丝绳因股丝间承受负荷不同，相互挤压形成应力集中而产生的磨损。
3．2．3．2
外部磨损 outside deterioration
钢丝绳因与滑轮、卷筒、地面硬物等接触而产生的钢丝磨损。
