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This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 18159-2008 Specifications of amusement rides coaster category. In addition to editorial changes, the following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 18159-2008:
——The scope is modified;
——The requirements of error of running speed are added.
——The calculation requirements of connecting bolt are added;
——The valuing requirements of design load are modified;
——The impact coefficient is modified;
——The material requirements are added;
——The deformation amount requirements of pillar and rail are added;
——The requirements of redundancy safety structure of vehicle coupling are added;
——The requirements of shock absorption measures of wheel set are added;
——The requirements of vehicle safety envelope line are added;
——The requirements of impact coefficient of transmission system are added;
——The requirements of main connection forms are added;
——The safety coefficients of traction steel wire rope and traction chain are modified;
——The requirements of electrical safety functions and their demand levels are added;
——The painting requirements are added;
——The test of anti-rolling-back is added；
——The speed testing is added;
——The acceleration testing is added;
——The deformation testing of pillar and rail is added;
——The interval interlock testing is added;
——The safe-lever interlock testing is added;
——The clause “Accompanying documents, marking, packaging, transport and storage” is added.
——Annex A of Edition 2008 is modified.
This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Ropeway and Entertainment Facilities of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 250).
The previous editions of this standard are as follows:
GB 18159-2000 and GB/T 18159-2008.
Specifications of amusement rides coaster category
1 Scope
This standard specifies the general principles, technical requirements, requirements for inspection, testing and test, accompanying documents, marking, packaging, transportation and storage of amusement rides of coaster category.
It is applicable to amusement rides of coaster category.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 191 Packaging - Pictorial marking for handling of goods
GB/T 755-2008 Rotating electrical machines - Rating and performance
GB/T 1032 Test procedures for three-phase induction motors
GB/T 1447 Fiber-reinforced plastics composites - Determination of tensile properties
GB/T 1449 Fibre-reinforced plastic composites - Determination of flexural properties
GB/T 1451 Fiber-reinforced plastics composites - Determination of charpy impact properties
GB/T 3805-2008 Extra-low voltage (ELV) - Limit values
GB 4706.1 Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 5226.1 Electrical safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements
GB 8408-2018 Large-scale amusement device safety code
GB/T 8923 (All parts) Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products - Visual assessment of surface cleanliness
GB/T 9286-1998 Paints and varnishes - Cross cut test for films
GB/T 10000 Human dimensions of Chinese adults
GB/T 13384 General specifications for packing of mechanical and electrical product
GB/T 13912 Metallic coatings - Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles - Specifications and test methods
GB/T 15706 Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction
GB/T 16754 Safety of machinery - Emergency stop - Principles for design
GB/T 16855.1 Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1: General principles for design
GB/T 19212.1 Safety of transformers, reactors, power supply units and combinations thereof - Part 1: General requirements and tests
GB/T 20306 Amusement devices terminology
GB/T 20438 (All parts) Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems
GB/T 28265-2012 Safeguard specifications of amusement rides
GB/T 34370 (All Parts) Nondestructive testing of amusement equipment
GB/T 34371 Risk assessment for amusement ride - General principles
GB 50005 Code for design of timber structures
GB 50017 Standard for design of steel structures
GB/T 50065 Code for design of ac electrical installations earthing
GB 50202 Code for acceptance of construction quality of building foundation
GB 50204 Code for acceptance of constructional quality of concrete structures
GB 50206 Code for acceptance of construction quality of timber structures
GB 50231 General code for construction and acceptance of mechanical equipment installation engineering
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 20306 and the following apply.
3.1
single train roller coaster series
amusement rides of coaster category whose design running condition is that only a single train or a set of trains run(s) on the same rail
3.2
multi train roller coaster series
amusement rides of coaster category whose design running condition is that two or more trains or sets of trains run on the same rail
3.3
splash
amusement rides of coaster category whose rider device slides into the water (water channel) along the rail by virtue of inertia and is decelerated by the water resistance, runs along the water channel and pushed by the water flow
3.4
powered U-shape roller coaster series
amusement rides of coaster category reciprocating back and forth along the rail during running, whose rider device is driven by driving devices and inertia during running with the vehicle body equipped with driving devices and only one roller coaster for each rail
3.5
wooden roller coaster
amusement rides of coaster category with supporting structure mainly composed of wood materials
3.6
launch coaster
amusement rides of coaster category that enables rider devices to acquire large initial kinetic energy in a short time by external power drive
Note: The driving devices of the launch coaster are generally linear motors, pneumatic devices, hydraulic devices, flywheel energy storage devices and other equipment.
3.7
non-continuous rail roller coaster
amusement rides of coaster category whose vehicle body normally runs on the rail through local movement, rotation (turning) and other actions of the rail during running after the rider device leaves the platform and maintenance zone
3.8
coaster zipline
amusement rides of coaster category with main rider tie-down safety device adopting “suspension load bearing” structural form and roller coaster adopting pulley in contact with rigid rail and sliding along rigid rail from a high place by virtue of height difference
3.9
fail-safe
if the equipment fails, its control system or mechanical mechanism can maintain the safe state or change to the safe state to avoid the occurrence of severe faults or accidents
3.10
wheel set
road wheels, guide wheels, up wheels, connected wheels, shafts and other relevant stressed structural members that supporting the vehicle body
3.11
single point of failure
a part, a structural connection point or an electrical element on the amusement ride, of which the failure will lead to failure of the entire equipment or endanger the safety of riders
4 General principles
4.1 The design, manufacture, installation, reconstruction, repair, test and inspection, as well as marking, packaging, transportation and storage for amusement rides of coaster category shall meet the relevant requirements of GB 8408 and of this standard.
4.2 The common types and main technical parameters for amusement rides of coaster category should be selected according to Table 1.
Table 1 Common types and main technical parameters
S.N. Type name Main technical parameters Typical equipment
1 Single train roller coaster series Number of riders, running speed, rail height, number of vehicle/train and acceleration Three-ring roller coaster
2 Multi train roller coaster series Number of riders/ each train, running speed, rail height, number of vehicles/each train and acceleration Mad mouse
3 Splash Number of riders / each boat, running speed, rail height, number of boat and acceleration Splash
4 Powered U-shape roller coaster series Number of riders / each cabin, running speed, rail height, number of cabins and acceleration Powered U-shape roller coaster
5 Coaster zipline Number of riders / each vehicle, running speed, rail length and acceleration Zipline
6 Other types of roller coasters Number of riders / each vehicle, running speed, rail height, number of vehicle and acceleration Shenzhou flying saucer
5 Technical requirements
5.1 Basic requirements
5.1.1 The design documents for amusement rides of coaster category shall at least include design specifications, design calculation, operation and maintenance instructions, risk assessment reports, design verification outline and a complete set of design drawings conforming to relevant national standards.
5.1.2 The design of amusement rides of coaster category shall meet the requirements of GB/T 15706.
5.1.3 Risk assessment shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 34371 during the design phase of amusement rides of coaster category. The assessment shall also be carried out for amusement rides of coaster category that need to be reconstructed and that continue to be used after the service life of the whole machine expires. Risk assessment shall be carried out from the aspects such as stressed structure and stressed parts and components, electrical control system and components, running environment of equipment, obstacles around equipment, human factors, accident factors and emergency rescue, and single point of failure shall be identified. Critical parts and components and safety functions of the equipment shall be identified through risk assessment, and failure modes and impact analysis shall be carried out on parts and components such as vehicle body, brake, rail, drive, anti-rolling-back, rider tie-down safety device and wheel set one by one. In the design phase, unacceptable risks shall be avoided and there shall be free of single point of failure that cannot be tested or monitored.
5.1.4 The adult load of amusement rides of coaster category shall not be less than 750N.
5.1.5 The strength and rigidity of the vehicle body shall be checked under normal working conditions under full load, and the impact coefficient k1 shall be selected according to Table 2 according to the maximum speed of the roller coaster.
Table 2 Impact coefficient
Speed/(km/h) Impact coefficient k1
≥40 ≥1.5
≥20 ≥1.25
≥7.2 ≥1.2
<7.2 ≥1
5.1.6 The load combination shall be selected according to the actual working conditions of amusement rides of coaster category. The following working conditions shall be included: lifting, anti-rolling-back, braking and working conditions with maximum accelerations in X, Y and Z directions.
5.1.7 Dynamics calculation shall be carried out for the design of amusement rides of coaster category, and the speed and acceleration borne by riders shall be calculated, and the values shall meet the requirements.
5.1.8 For amusement rides of coaster category, the speed and acceleration curves shall be plotted or the speed and acceleration values (refer to human body coordinate system) shall be indicated on the expanded view of the rail.
5.1.9 Corresponding design checks such as strength check, rigidity check and fatigue strength check for the design of amusement rides of coaster category shall be carried out according to specific structure and actual working conditions.
5.1.10 Critical shafts and welds of roller coaster category shall be subjected to strength and fatigue strength check and both shall meet the requirements of safety coefficient. For critical shaft difficult to inspect and test shall be designed according to infinite life.
5.1.11 The steel structural members and their connections shall meet the requirements of “design index” specified in GB 50017.
5.1.12 Structure design of rail and support shall meet the requirements of GB 50017; if timber structures are adopted, the requirements of GB 50005 shall also be met. The construction quality of timber structure shall meet the requirements of GB 50206.
5.1.13 As for the roller coaster whose rail height is greater than 20m, the combination of maximum wind load and earthquake load shall be calculated for the rail and support separately.
5.1.14 The rated lifting speed designed for the amusement rides of coaster category should be no more than 2m/s. For the equipment with lifting speed greater than 2m/s, effective measures shall be taken to avoid the impact generated during lifting.
5.1.15 Under normal running, the service life of each easily-worn part shall not be less than 6 months.
5.1.16 Under normal running conditions, the maximum allowable deformation of the rail and support of roller coaster with a speed less than 50km/h is 1/300, and the maximum allowable deformation of the rail between two supports is 1/300 (excluding the support deformation); under normal running conditions, the maximum allowable deformation of the rail and support of roller coaster with a speed greater than or equal to 50km/h is 1/500, and the maximum allowable deformation of the rail between the two supports is 1/500 (excluding the support deformation).
5.1.17 For redundant safety structure of vehicle coupling, the impact coefficient shall not be less than 2, and its safety coefficient shall not be less than 2.
5.1.18 The uniformly distributed load in the personnel activity zone shall be taken as follows:
a) common zones for riders such as rider boarding/alighting platforms, stairs, entrances and exits: 3.5kN/m2;
b) maintenance platform, evacuation platform and other non-open zones: 1.5kN/m2.
5.1.19 For amusement rides of coaster category, if circular tubes are used for the steel rails of roller coaster, the wall thickness of rail shall not be less than 4mm. When welded pipe is used for the rail, the elongation at break of the material shall be more than 40% and the rail shall be free from cracking defect after molding.
5.1.20 The designed rail shall be smooth and shall not cause excessive impact when the vehicle is running.
5.1.21 Normally closed brake should be adopted for the brake system, and sufficient brake allowance shall be reserved. The most unfavorable braking condition shall be considered in calculation. The braking acceleration shall be smoothly transited to prevent impact, and the maximum acceleration in the whole braking process shall not be more than 1.5g.
5.1.22 Shock absorption measures should be taken for wheel sets when the speed is greater than 36km/h.
5.1.23 When the speed of roller coaster is greater than or equal to 2.5m/s in the slide zone, no obstacle is allowed within the range of safety envelope line of the vehicle, and no part of the human body can touch the road wheels of the vehicle body. The safety envelope line of vehicle refers to the space the maximum range reached by the fingertip and the toe extending outward by 100mm when the standard human body leans against the seat and extends the body under the permission of the safe-lever, as shown in Figure 1. Among them, the standard human dimension corresponds to the male human dimension with percentile of 99 specified in GB/T 10000.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General principles
5 Technical requirements
5.1 Basic requirements
5.2 Machinery and structure
5.3 Load bearing system
5.4 Electrical and control system
5.5 Emergency rescue system
5.6 Surface protection
5.7 Complete machine
6 Requirements for inspection, testing and test
6.1 Basic requirements
6.2 Mechanical structure
6.3 Load bearing system
6.4 Electrical and control system
6.5 Emergency rescue system
6.6 Surface protection testing
6.7 Complete machine
7 Accompanying documents, marking, packaging, transportation and storage
7.1 Accompanying documents and marking
7.2 Packaging, transportation and storage
Annex A (Informative) Examples of common critical shafts (pins) and critical welds
