标准编号:	GB/T 16508.8-2013
中文名称:	锅壳锅炉 第8部分：运行
英文名称:	Shell Boilers - Part 8: Operation
中标分类:	J98    锅炉及其辅助设备
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	27.060.30 27.060.30    锅炉和热交换器 27.060.30
发布机构:	国家质量监督检验检疫总局 国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2013-12-31
实施日期:	2014-7-1
标准状态:	superseded
被新标准替代:	GB/T 16508.8-2022 锅壳锅炉 第8部分:运行
被替代日期:	2023-2-1
作废日期:	2023-02-01
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	15000 字
翻译价格(元):	290.0
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

1 Scope This part of GB/T 16508 specifies the basic requirements of shell boiler operation management as well as preoperational requirements such as preparation, initiating, operation and adjustment, boiler shutdown, fault handling and the like. This part is applicable to the shell boilers defined within the scope of GB/T 16508.1. 2 Normative References The following documents for the application of this document are essential. Any dated reference, just dated edition applies to this document. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies to this document. GB/T 1576 Water Quality for Industrial Boilers GB/T 2900.48 Electrotechnical Terminology of Boilers GB/T 12145 Quality Criterion of Water and Steam for Generating Unit and Steam Power Epuipment GB 13271 Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Boiler TSG G0001 Boiler Safety Technical Supervision Administration Regulation TSG G0002 Supervision Administration Regulation on Energy Conservation Technology for Boiler TSG ZF001 Safety Valve - Safety Technical Supervision Administration Regulation 3 Terminologies and Definitions For the purpose of this document, the terminologies and definitions defined in GB/T 2900.48 and the following ones apply. 3.1 Boiler maintenance Maintenance measures which are taken to prevent the metal from corrosion thickness decrease during extended shutdown period of boiler. 3.2 Boiler dry maintenance Maintenance measures which are taken to prevent the metal from corrosion thickness decrease by adopting the methods of freeing the inside of the boiler from moisture during extended shutdown period. 3.3 Boiler wet maintenance Maintenance measures which are taken to prevent the metal from corrosion thickness decrease by adopting the methods of avoiding the oxygen contained in the water inside the boiler from reacting with the metal surface during short shutdown period. 4 Basic Requirements of Operation Management 4.1 Boiler using organizations shall select the boiler equipment that are in accordance with the requirements of national safety technical regulations and relevant standards, and they shall not select the boilers or auxiliary machines which are officially eliminated by the nation. 4.2 Before the boiler is put into operation, it shall be registered at the local boiler safety supervision and administration department according to the requirements of Boiler Safety Technical Supervision Administration Regulation (TSG G0001). 4.3 The using organizations shall establish the technical files on safety and energy-saving of boilers as well as the application management system and operation specifications for boilers according to those specified in Boiler Safety Technical Supervision Administration Regulation (TSG G0001) and Supervision Administration Regulation on Energy Conservation Technology for Boiler (TSG G0002). 4.4 According to the requirements of Measures for the Supervision and Management of Personnel Operating Special Equipment, the boiler operation personnel shall take the post with certificate, operate in accordance with the regulations, get done with operation inspection and recording as well as report timely and handle correctly in case potential hazards are found. 4.5 Before the boiler is officially put into operation, the safety valve shall be adjusted and verified according to the requirements of Safety Valve - Safety Technical Supervision Administration Regulation (TSG ZF001). 4.6 During the operation of boiler, it shall be ensured that the steam pressure, water level and temperature are normal, the automatic control and interlock protection device are intact and shall not be operated in non-protected state. 4.7 The boiler water (medium) quality shall be in accordance with the requirements of GB/T 1576 or GB/T 12145. 4.8 During the operation of boiler, the emission limits of air pollutants shall be in accordance with the requirements of GB 13271 and the environmental protection requirements of the district of use. 5 Preparation before Operation 5.1 External inspection of boiler 5.1.1 The boiler body, auxiliary equipment as well as the supports and the hangers shall be intact. 5.1.2 The governing valve and damper of air flue and flue shall be intact, with flexible switching and correct indication for opening/closing. 5.1.3 The external boiler setting and thermal insulation shall be intact. 5.1.4 Devices such as boiler door, ash door, observation door opening, explosion door as well as hand hole, man hole, inspection door opening and the like shall be intact and tightly closed. 5.2 Inspection of boiler safety accessories 5.2.1 The safety accessories shall be complete, intact and in the place required for initiating. 5.2.2 The pressure gage shall be complete and intact, with its pointers indicating correctly. The trap shall be normal and free from deformation; the three-way cock of the pressure gage shall be opened and closed easily. 5.2.3 The water level indicator and its accessories shall be complete and intact to ensure clear and visible water level-indication. The junction valve and blowdown valve of water level indicator shall be opened and closed easily. 5.2.4 The temperature measuring instrument and its connecting pieces shall be complete and intact, with its pointer indicating correctly. 5.2.5 The lead sealing of safety valve and discharge valve shall be intact; the discharge tube shall be intact and unimpeded to ensure safe discharge and if necessary, it shall be provided with anti-freezing measures. 5.3 Inspection of energy efficiency monitoring device and energy metering instrument Fuel consumption metering device, medium thermometer, flowmeter and the like shall be complete and intact, with the pointers indicating correctly. 5.4 Inspection of heating surface 5.4.1 The using organization shall comply with the requirements of the boiler operation instructions and formulate operation specifications of regular inspection for boiler heating surface. The heating surface shall be inspected after periodical inspection and overhaul of the boiler. 5.4.2 The sealing of the outer packing, thermal insulation and every junction of the heating surface shall be intact; the inspection door and opening shall be well sealed in closed state. And if necessary, the superheater, economizer and air preheater shall be inspected to make sure whether there are foreign matters inside of them so as to ensure the flue unimpeded. 5.5 Inspection of steam-water pipeline and valve The steam pipeline, water supply pipeline, intake pipeline, outlet pipeline, drainage pipeline and blow off pipeline shall be unimpeded; the support and thermal insulation of each pipeline shall be in good condition. The valves on the pipeline shall be intact with flexible switching; the opening/closing and opening degree of the valves shall be in the correct position. 5.6 Inspection of combustion equipment 5.6.1 The combustion equipment shall be free from deformation and damage which will impact its normal operation; the mechanical transmission shall be subjected to and pass test run and it shall be well lubricated. 5.6.2 The grate shall be free from deformation or damage which will impact its normal operation and the clearance between grate plates shall be suitable; the coal feeder shall operate normally. 5.6.3 As for oil-fired or gas-fired boiler, the combustor, fuel supply pipeline, filter screen, oil pump, oil heater and the like shall be inspected. Each cock, valve, connector, etc. shall be free from blocking or leakage. The oil pressure gage, oil temperature gauge and gas-pressure meter shall be intact, with their pointers indicating correctly. 5.7 Inspection of water supply system and water treatment equipment 5.7.1 The water pump shall be in normal operating condition as well as be subjected to and pass the test run; the water supply pipeline, valves, water tank and their auxiliaries shall be in normal operating condition. 5.7.2 As for ion exchange equipment, deoxidation equipment and dosing equipment, they shall be intact, free from leakage, corrosion or blocking, and in operating condition. 5.8 Inspection of ventilation equipment Force draft fan and induced draft fan shall be inspected to make sure whether there are internal foreign matters. The fans shall be in normal condition as well as subjected to and pass the test run; the oil level of lubricant shall be normal. The smoke and wind damper shall rotate flexibly, with their opening/closing and opening degree meeting relevant requirements. 5.9 Inspection of slag removal equipment as well as dust removal and desulfurization equipment 5.9.1 The slag removal equipment shall be complete and intact; the lubrication and cooling systems shall be normal and free from abnormal phenomenon during test run. 5.9.2 The external of dust removal and desulfurization equipment shall be clean and free from such phenomenon as air leakage, water leakage, blocking or the like. 5.10 Inspection of fuel supply and conveying equipment The fuel storage shall be sufficient; the conveying system shall be free from abnormal phenomenon during test run. 5.11 Inspection of soot blower The soot blower shall be intact and free from leakage, and it shall act flexibly. The ancillary facilities shall be in normal operation.

Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative References 3 Terminologies and Definitions 4 Basic Requirements of Operation Management 5 Preparation before Operation 6 Initiating 7 Operation and Adjustment 8 Boiler Shutdown 9 Maintenance and Service 10 Fault Handling

锅壳锅炉 第8部分：运行 1 范围 GB/T 16508的本部分规定了锅壳锅炉运行管理的基本要求、运行前的准备、启动、运行与调节、停炉、故障处理等要求。 本部分适用于GB/T 16508.1范围界定的锅壳锅炉。 2规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB/T 1576 工业锅炉水质 GB/T 2900.48电工名词术语锅炉 GB/T 12145火力发电机组及蒸汽动力设备水汽质量 GB 13271锅炉大气污染物排放标准 TSG G0001锅炉安全技术监察规程 TSG G0002锅炉节能技术监督管理规程 TSG ZF001安全阀安全技术监察规程 3术语和定义 GB/T 2900.48界定的以及以下术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 停炉保养 boiler maintenance 在锅炉较长时间停炉期间，为了防止金属腐蚀减薄的保养措施。 3.2 干法保养boiler dry maintenance 在锅炉较长时间停炉期间，采用使锅炉内部无水分的方法防止金属腐蚀减薄的保养措施。 3.3 湿法保养boiler wet maintenance 在锅炉短时间停炉期间，采用使锅炉内部水中的氧与金属表面不起作用的方法防止金属腐蚀减薄的保养措施。 4运行管理的基本要求 4.1 锅炉使用单位应选用符合国家安全技术规范和有关标准要求的锅炉设备，不应选用国家明令淘汰的锅炉和辅机产品。 4.2锅炉在投入使用前应按照TSG G0001《锅炉安全技术监察规程》的规定向当地锅炉安全监督管理部门办理使用登记。 4.3使用单位应按照TSG G0001《锅炉安全技术监察规程》和TSG G0002《锅炉节能技术监督管理规程》的规定，建立锅炉安全与节能的技术档案、锅炉使用管理制度和操作规程。 4.4锅炉作业人员应按照《特种设备作业人员监督管理办法》的规定持证上岗，按章作业，做好运行检查和记录，发现隐患应及时报告和正确处理。 4.5锅炉正式投运前，应按TSG ZF001《安全阀安全技术监察规程》的要求对安全阀进行整定与校验。 4.6锅炉在运行中，应保证汽压、水位、温度正常，自动控制及联锁保护装置完好，不应在非保护状态下运行。 4.7锅炉水(介)质应符合GB/T 1576或GB/T 12145的规定。 4.8锅炉运行时的大气污染物排放限值应符合GB 13271的规定以及锅炉使用地区的环保要求。 5运行前的准备 5.1锅炉的外部检查 5.1.1锅炉本体、辅机设备，以及支承、吊架应完好。 5.1.2风道及烟道的调节门、挡板应完好、开关灵活、启闭指示正确。 5.1.3锅炉外部炉墙及保温应完好。 5.1.4炉门、灰门、看火门孔、防爆门，以及手孔、人孔、检查门孔等装置应完好，且关闭严密。 5.2锅炉安全附件的检查 5.2.1安全附件齐全、完好，处于启动要求的位置。 5.2.2压力表应齐全完好，指针指示正确。存水弯管应正常不变形，压力表三通旋塞启闭灵活。 5.2.3水位表及其附件应齐全完好，保证水位指示清晰可见。水位表的连接阀、排污阀应启闭灵活。 5.2.4温度测量仪表及连接件应齐全完好，指针指示正确。 5.2.5安全阀、泄放阀的铅封应完好，泄放管完好畅通，确保泄放安全，必要对应有防冻措施。 5.3能效监控装置、能源计量仪表的检查 燃料消耗量计量装置、介质温度计及流量计等应齐全完好，指针指示正确。 5.4受热面的检查 5.4.1 使用单位应按照锅炉使用说明书的要求，制定锅炉受热面定期检查操作规程。在锅炉的定期检验和大修后应对受热面进行检查。 5.4.2受热面的外包装、保温及各连接处密封应完好，检查门、孔在关闭状态时密封良好。必要时，应检查过热器、省煤器及空气预热器内部有无异物，保证烟道畅通。 5.5汽水管道和阀门的检查 锅炉的蒸汽管道、给水管道、进水管道、出水管道、疏水管道和排污管道应畅通，各管道的支架、保温应良好。管道上的阀门应完好且开关灵活，阀门的启闭和开度应保持正确位置。 5.6燃烧设备的检查 5.6.1燃烧设备应无影响正常运行的变形和损伤，机械传动装置应进行试运转正常，且润滑良好。 5.6.2炉排无影响正常运行的变形和损伤，炉排片的间隙合适，给煤机应运转正常。 5.6.3燃油或燃气锅炉应检查燃烧器、燃料供应管路、滤网、油泵、油加热器等。各旋塞、阀门、接头等不应堵塞或泄漏。油压表、油温表、气压表应完好，指针指示正确。 5.7给水系统及水处理设备的检查 5.7.1水泵应处于正常状态并经试运转正常，给水管路、阀门、水箱及附件应处于正常状态。 5.7.2离子交换设备、除氧设备及加药设备应完好，无泄漏、腐蚀、堵塞，具备运行条件。 5.8通风设备的检查 检查送、引风机内有无异物。风机处于正常状态并经试运转正常，润滑油油位正常。烟、风挡板转动灵活，启闭和开度符合要求。 5.9除渣及除尘脱硫设备的检查 5.9.1除渣设备装置齐全完好，润滑、冷却系统正常，试运转无异常现象。 5.9.2除尘脱硫设备外部应清洁，无漏风、漏水及堵塞等现象。 5.10燃料供应和输送设备的检查 燃料储存应充足，输送系统试运转无异常现象。 5.11吹灰装置的检查 吹灰装置应完好，且无泄漏，动作灵活。配套设施应运转正常。 6启动 6.1 锅炉进水 6.1.1蒸汽锅炉进水 应在锅炉进水阀处于开启状态时进水，进水速度应按锅炉使用说明书的要求。在进水过程中，应检查空气阀是否排气，锅筒、联箱的孔盖及各部的阀门、法兰、堵头等处是否有漏水现象。当进水至最低安全水位时，停止进水进行检查，如有异常情况，应进行处理；当锅炉点火对水位有特殊要求时，应进水至点火水位。 6.1.2热水锅炉进水 热水锅炉充水前应关闭所有的排水及疏水阀，同时开启管网末端的连接供水与回水管的旁通阀。进水至锅炉顶部、管网中、集气罐上的空气阀冒出水为止。 6.2点火 6.2.1 锅炉的点火方法和程序应按锅炉使用说明书的要求或使用单位制定的操作规程进行。 6.2.2链条炉排锅炉的点火，应先打开烟道挡板，保持烟气通道畅通。点火不应使用易爆燃的燃料。热水锅炉在点火前应启动循环水泵。 6.2.3燃油燃气锅炉点火，应按规定的点火程序进行。在点火前应用风机对炉膛进行吹扫，吹扫风量应足以使炉膛和烟道中的残存气体被吹尽。如果一次点火不成功，应检查火焰探测器是否正常、熄火保护是否起作用、熄火后是否切断燃料的供给。再次点火应有足够的时间间隔且满足风量足够的要求。 6.3蒸汽锅炉的升压与并汽 6.3.1 升压 6.3.1.1 为确保锅炉不致产生过大的热应力，锅炉从冷态备用状态点火到升至工作压力应保证有一定的时间，按锅炉使用说明书或使用单位制定的操作规程进行。 6.3.1.2升压过程中应控制水位，水位过高时采用锅炉下部放水方法，水位过低则进行补水。 6.3.1.3对于非沸腾式省煤器，有旁路烟道者应使省煤器出口水温低于相同压力下的饱和温度30℃以下，无旁路烟道者可用再循环管路保持省煤器出口水温。 6.3.2并汽 6.3.2.1并汽前应使锅炉出口蒸汽压力略低于蒸汽母管汽压，以免并汽时汽压突降引起锅水急剧蒸发。 6.3.2.2并汽时应先开启并汽阀的旁路阀，后开启并汽阀。开阀时要缓慢，并汽阀开启后再关闭并汽阀的旁路阀。 6.4热水锅炉升温 在升温期间，应密切监视出水温度及压力的变化。当出水温度接近正常供水温度时，应检查各连接处有无渗漏现象。 6.5水泵的检查 锅炉启动前，应对水泵进行试运转，并应检查轴承盒内润滑油是否充足，轴承冷却水系统是否正常。 6.6风机的开启 风机的开启方法和程序应按锅炉的使用说明书或使用单位制定的操作规程进行，同时配备鼓风机和引风机的锅炉，一般情况下，应先开启引风机，后开启鼓风机。 6.7除尘脱硫设备的启动 除尘脱硫设备应随锅炉同时启动，开启方法和程序应按锅炉的使用说明书或使用单位制定的操作规程进行。