标准编号:	GB/T 16508.6-2013
中文名称:	锅壳锅炉 第6部分：燃烧系统
英文名称:	Shell Boilers - Part 6: Combustion Systems
中标分类:	J98    锅炉及其辅助设备
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	27.060.30 27.060.30    锅炉和热交换器 27.060.30
发布机构:	国家质量监督检验检疫总局 国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2013-12-31
实施日期:	2014-7-1
标准状态:	superseded
被新标准替代:	GB/T 16508.6-2022 锅壳锅炉 第6部分：燃烧系统
被替代日期:	2023-2-1
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	15000 字
翻译价格(元):	290.0
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

1 Scope This part of GB/T 16508 specifies the technical requirements for combustion systems of shell boiler. This part is applicable to combustion systems of shell boiler defined in the range of GB/T 16508.1, including: a)The fuel inlet pipeline, air supply system, smoke discharge system and combustion equipment of liquid-and gas-fuel fired boilers as well as all therelevant control and monitoring equipment; b)The air supply system, smoke discharge system, combustion equipment and dust(slag) removal device of solid fuel fired grate firing boiler as well as all the relevant control and monitoring equipment. 2Normative References The following documents for the application of this document are essential. Any dated reference, just dated edition applies to this document. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies to this document. GB 13271 Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Boiler GB/T 16508.5 Shell Boilers Part 5: Safety Appurtenances and Instruments GB 17820 Natural Gas GB/T 18342 Specifications of Coal for Chain and Travelling Grate Stoker Boiler GB/T 21923 General Testing Rules for Solid Biofules JB/T 3271 Specification for Travelling Grate Stokers JB/T 3726 General Specification for Boiler Slag Removed Equipment JB/T 9620 Specification for Reciprocating Grate 3Terminologies and Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terminologies and definitions apply. 3.1 Liquid fuel Natural organic fuel that is in liquid form under normal temperature and the liquid fuel obtained by processing the above natural organic fuel, such as light fuel oil and heavy fuel oil. 3.2 Gaseous fuel Natural organic fuel or artificial fuelin the solid form under normal temperature.They are divided into light gas and heavy gas according to the relative density.The gas withrelative density lower than 1.3 is classified as light gas, for example natural gas, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas; the gas withrelative density higher than 1.3 is classified as heavy gas, for example, liquefied petroleum gas. 3.3 Solid fuel Solid fossil fuel and biomass fuel and the solid fuel obtained by processing them.For example, coals withvarious qualities (lignite, bituminous coal, meagre coal, anthracite, etc.), biological solid fuel and the like. 3.4 Flame detector Equipment used to detect flame or flame lifting and send signals to the control device, which generally consists of sensing device (signal amplifier may be installed if necessary) and switching device. 3.5 Interlock Action of cuttingoff fuel supply; manual intervention is required for its restoration. 3.6 Relative density The ratio of gas density todry air density under the same pressure and temperature condition. 3.7 Auxiliary combustion system Combustion system arranged to ensure safety ignition and stable combustion. 3.8 Ignition device Auxiliary equipment used for ensure safety ignition of the fuels. 3.9 Rate of riddlings The mass ratio of the average grate coal leakage (including ash leakage) per hour to the coal consumption during test duration, expressed in percentage. 3.10 Uneven air distribution coefficient along grate horizontal Index for measuring the homogeneity of air distribution along grate of the air chamber, expressed in percentage. 4Combustion Systems of Liquid and Gaseous Fuels 4.1 Fuel 4.1.1Basic requirements 4.1.1.1Without impacting the safe operation of the combustor, the liquid fuel shall reach the viscosity as required for its normal combustion at the combustor inlet. 4.1.1.2The natural gas shall meet the requirements specified in GB 17820. 4.1.1.3As for other types of fuel, or in case different fuels are burning simultaneously, appropriate technical measures which has been verified shall be taken to achieve safe and high-efficient combustion, and the discharge of combustion product shall meet those specified in GB 13271. 4.1.2Fuel inlet pipeline 4.1.2.1The fuel oil pipeline shall meet the following requirements: a)Rigid tube should be adopted for the connection between the combustor and the fixed fuel oil supply line; in case flexible hoses made of nonmetallic material are adopted, they shall be wrapped by metal materials and as short as possible, besides they possess sufficient bending radius during installation. b)Strength test shall be carried out after the fuel oil pipeline has been installed, with the test pressure being 1.3 times of the maximum permissible pressure and at least 0.5MPa (gauge pressure); c)Pressure relief valves shall be installed on the fuel oil pipeline to achieve overpressure protection; d)Automatic temperature control device as well as high and low fuel oil temperature interlock protection device shall be provided for heavy fuel oil heater to ensure that the heavy fuel oil reaches the viscosity as required for the atomization of combustor nozzle.If steam heating is adopted for heavy-fuel oil heating, the pipe section introducing the steam shall be carried out with thermal insulation so as to avoid scald; e)The fuel oil supply main shall be equipped with a manual rapid cut-off valve so as to cut off the fuel oil supply for the combustor quickly.Manual rapid cut-off valve shall be installed in the site that is safe and convenient for operation. 4.1.2.2The gas pipeline shall meet the following requirements: a)The gas combustor and the gas pipeline should be connected with rigid tube; if the flexible hose made of non-metallic materials is adopted, it shall meet the requirements for pressure resistance of gas pipeline. b)On completion of gas pipeline installation, tightness test and deformation test shall be carried out under the pressure 1.5 times larger than the maximum permissible pressure (but not less than 4 kPa) by adopting the air or inert gas. c)The gas pipeline shall be implemented with necessary overpressure protection through a safety shut-off valve and a pressure release valve; d)The outlet of gas control valve shall be installed with filter device, which may be integrated with the downstream gas control valve.The pore size of the filter shall not be larger than 1.5 mm; and the inlet and outlet of the filter shall be installed with permanent pressure measuring point; e)As for boilers fuel for fuels with high carbon monoxide content such as blast furnace gas, coke oven gas and the like, the gas system shall be equipped with online monitoring device for carbon monoxide. f)Manual rapid cut-off valve shall be arranged at the upstream of every automatic control valve in the main gas control valve system so as to cut off the air source of the combustor quickly.Manual rapid cut-off valve shall be installed in the site which is safe and convenient for operation. 4.1.3Measurement of fuel Each boiler shall be installed with instruments for indicating, integrating and recording the fuel quantity. 4.2Air supply system 4.2.1 The pressure measuring device of air supply shall be arranged before every combustor on the air supply pipeline in case a fanis shared by several combustors. 4.2.2As for the combustion system with multiple combustors, in case the air required for combustion is provided by shared air supply equipment, a cut off device shall be arranged at the air pipe of every combustor.The requirements for cut off device are as follows: a)The switching position of cut off device shall be clearly indicated. b)In case the fuel supply of combustor is cut off, the air supply shall be cut off (if necessary, only the minimum opening is allowed) automatically at the same time. 4.3Smoke discharge system 4.3.1The smoke discharge system of boiler shall possess favorable sealing performance. 4.3.2The following operating parameters of the smoke discharge system shall be monitored to meet the requirements of safe and energy-saving operation. a)Smoke discharge temperature; b)As for steam boiler with its rated evaporation capacitygreater than 4 t/h or hot-water boiler with its rated thermal powergreater than 2.8 MW, the oxygen content of discharged smoke shall be monitored; c)If the boiler is equipped with induced draft fan, the load current of the induced draft fan shall be monitored.In case the rated evaporation capacity of steam boiler is greater than 4 t/h or the rated thermal power of hot-water boiler is greater than 2.8 MW, the opening of the inlet damper of the induced draft fan or the rotation speed of the speed fan shall be monitored. 4.3.3On condition that flammable and explosive mixture will not be generated, the discharge flue of several boilers may be linked together and share one stack.Inside the branch flue of each boiler, there shall be arranged with a flue damper, which shall ensure reliable sealing.The damper shall be provided with reliable stop block so as to ensure it is in the fully opened position during the boiler operation, and it shall not be closed automatically. 4.4Combustion system 4.4.1Type selection of combustors The type selection of combustor shall be in accordance with the following basic requirements; a)The actual output of combustor shall not be less than the ratio of boiler thermal power to the boiler thermalefficiency.The actual output is the output power that shall be reached bythe combustor under the premise of overcoming the resistance of boiler flue gas; b)The flame of the combustor shall not contact directly with the combustion chamber wall surface or the furnace tube. 4.4.2Safety and control requirements of combustion systems 4.4.2.1The combustors shall be equipped with ignition devices and able to ensure the safe ignition of ignition combustor and main combustor. 4.4.2.2The flame detector shall meet the following requirements: a)The combustors shall be equipped with flame detector and able to verify whether the flame is established; b)The installation site of flame detector shall prevent it from the interference of external signal. c)On such occasion where the ignition flame and main flame are respectively arranged with independent flame detectors, the ignition flame shall not impact the detection of main flame. 4.4.2.3As for pressure atomized fuel oil combustor withrated fuel oilnot greater than 100 kg/h, safety shut-off valve shall be installed between the fuel oil pump and the nozzle; besides, an integrated structure may be adopted for safety shut-off valve and the fuel oil pump and it shall meet the following requirements: a)The single-stage combustor shall be arranged with at least one set of safety shut-off valve; b)As for two-stage or multi-stage control combustor, each nozzle shall be arranged with one set of safety shut-off valve; c)As for the combustor equipped with return-fuel oil nozzle, both its fuel oil supply pipe and return fuel oil pipe shall respectively be arranged with one set of safety shut-off valves; d)If the nozzle shut-off valve, through test, may serve as the safety shut-off device, then both the fuel oil supply pipe and the return fuel oil pipe may respectively be arranged with nozzle shut-off valves; e)If the fuel oil atomizer adopts the return-fuel oil nozzle and the fuel oil quantity is greater than 30kg/h, then the fuel oil pressure monitoring device shall be arranged on the return fuel oil pipe to monitor the pressure within the fuel oil return pipe. 4.4.2.4As for pressure atomized fuel oil combustor with its rated fuel oil being greater than 100 kg/h, safety shut-off valve shall be installed between the fuel oil pump and the nozzle, and an integrated structure may be adopted for safety shut-off valve and the fuel oil pump,which shall meet the following requirements: a)Two safety shut-off valves in seriesarrangement shall be arranged on the fuel oil supply pipe, of which one can be shut off quickly and the other canserves as the final control part of the heat input for combustion chamber and must be shut off within 5s; b)As for the combustor equipped with return-fuel oil nozzles, two safety shut-off valves shall be arranged on the return fuel oil pipe and one pressure monitoring device shall be arranged between the output regulator and safety shut-off valve; c)If the nozzle shut-off valve, through testing,may serve as the safety shut-off valve, then it may replace the safety shut-off valve to be respectively installed on the fuel oil supply pipe and return fuel oil pipe; d)The safety shut-off valves shall be interlocked, and if the safety shut-off valve on the fuel oil supply pipe is opened, then that on the fuel oil return pipe shall not be closed (this requirements is not applicable to the occasion where the multi-stage control combustor is undergoing full load operation); the interlock device shall ensure that excessive pressurization shall not be generated between two safety shut-off valves. 4.4.2.5For the rotating-cup atomizing fuel oil combustor and medium atomizing fuel oil combustor, their safety shut-off valves shall be selected and arranged by referring to those requirements specified for pressure atomizing combustor. 4.4.2.6During the initiating processes of combustor equipped with preheating device, before reaching the minimum preheating temperature as required for the fuel oil, the automatic safety shut off equipment shall not cut off the fuel supply of the combustor. 4.4.2.7The main gas control valve system of gas combustor shall meet the following requirements: a)The main gas control valve of the combustor shall be arranged with twoautomatic safety shut-off valves in seriesor combination valves; b)The gas control valves with its specification less than or equal to 100mm shall be cut off safely within 1s, and those greater than 100mm shall be cut off safely within 3s. c)As for the combustor with the rated output thermal power greater than 1.2 MW, its main gas control valve system shall be arranged with valve leakage detection device; d)The main gas control valve system of the combustor shall be arranged with at least one pressure sensor at its upstream; e)In case an independent ignition combustor is arranged, the main gas control valve may be opened and establish the main flame only after the flame has been ignited and verified by flame detector. 4.4.2.8The ignition safety time and extinction safety time of fuel oil and gas combustor shall be in accordance with the relevant requirements of GB/T 16508.5. 4.4.2.9Before the ignition of combustor, the combustion chamber and flue must be pre-purged.

Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative References 3 Terminologies and Definitions 4 Combustion Systems of Liquid and Gaseous Fuels 5 Layer Combustion System of Solid Fuel

锅壳锅炉 第6部分：燃烧系统 1 范围 GB/T 16508的本部分规定了锅壳锅炉燃烧系统的技术要求。 本部分适用于GB/T 16508.1范围界定的锅壳锅炉燃烧系统，包括： a)液体、气体燃料锅炉的燃料进口管线、送风系统、排烟系统、燃烧设备以及所有相关的控制、监测设备； b)固体燃料层燃锅炉的送风系统、排烟系统、燃烧设备、除灰(渣)装置以及所有相关的控制、监测设备。 2规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件，凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB 13271锅炉大气污染物排放标准 GB/T 16508.5锅壳锅炉 第5部分：安全附件和仪表 GB 17820天然气 GB/T 18342链条炉排锅炉用煤技术条件 GB/T 21923 固体生物质燃料检验通则 JB/T 3271链条炉排技术条件 JB/T 3726锅炉除渣设备 通用技术条件 JB/T 9620往复炉排技术条件 3术语与定义 下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 液体燃料liquid fud 在常温下为液态的天然有机燃料及其加工处理所得的液态燃料，如轻油、重油。 3.2 气体燃料gaseous fuel 在常温下为气态的天然有机燃料或气态的人工燃料。根据相对密度划分为轻气体和重气体。相对密度低于1.3的气体为轻气体，如天然气、焦炉煤气、高炉煤气；相对密度高于1.3的气体为重气体，如液化石油气。 3.3 固体燃料solid fuel 呈固态的化石燃料、生物质燃料及其加工处理所得的固态燃料。如各种品质的煤(褐煤、烟煤、贫煤、无烟煤等)、生物质固体燃料等。 3.4 火焰监测装置flame detector 检测有无火焰或是否脱火并向控制装置发送信号的设备，一般由传感装置(如需要可加装信号放大器)和切换装置组成。 3.5 锁定 interlock 隔断燃料供应，复位要求人工干预。 3.6 相对密度relative density 在相同压力与温度条件下，气体密度与干空气密度的比值。 3.7 辅助燃烧系统auxiliary combustion system 为保证安全点火和稳定燃烧而设置的助燃系统。 3.8 点火装置ignition device 用于保证燃料安全点火的辅助设备。 3.9 漏煤率rate of riddlings 在试验时间内，炉排每小时平均漏煤(包括漏灰)量占燃煤消耗量的质量比值，用百分数表示。 3.10 炉排横向配风不均匀系数uneven air distribution coefficient along grate horizontal 衡量风室沿炉排横向风量分配均匀性能的指标，用百分数表示。 4液体和气体燃料的燃烧系统 4.1燃料 4.1.1基本要求 4.1.1.1在不影响燃烧器安全运行的前提下，液体燃料在燃烧器入口应达到其正常燃烧所要求的黏度。 4.1.1.2天然气应符合GB 17820的规定。 4.1.1.3对其他类型的燃料，或者当几种不同燃料同时燃烧时，应采取已经过验证的合适技术措施，达到安全、高效燃烧，其燃烧产物的排放应符合GB 13271的规定。 4.1.2燃料进口管线 4.1.2.1燃油管线应符合下列要求： a)燃烧器与固定供油管线的连接宜采用硬管连接，如果采用非金属材料制作的弹性软管，需要有金属材料包裹，并且长度应尽可能短，在安装时应有足够的弯曲半径； b)燃油管线安装完成后，应进行强度测试，测试压力为最大允许压力的1.3倍，但最小为0.5 MPa(表压)； c)燃油管线应安装泄压阀以实现超压保护； d)重油加热器应具有温度自动调节装置和高、低油温联锁保护装置，以确保重油达到燃烧器喷嘴雾化要求的黏度。如果重油加热采用蒸汽加热方式，则引出蒸汽的管段应予以保温，以避免烫伤； e)供油母管上应设有一只手动快速切断阀，以便能够快速关闭对燃烧器的燃油供应。手动快速切断阀应安装在安全、便于操作的地方。 4.1.2.2燃气管线应符合下列要求： a)燃气燃烧器与燃气管道的连接宜采用硬管连接，如果采用非金属材料制作的弹性软管，应满足燃气管线耐压要求； b)燃气管线安装完成后，应采用空气或惰性气体在最大允许压力的1.5倍(但不低于4 kPa)下进行气密性试验及变形测试； c)燃气管线应通过一安全切断阀加上一泄压阀来执行必要的超压保护； d)燃气控制阀的入口处应装设过滤装置，过滤装置可以与下游的燃气控制阀成为整体。过滤器的孔径应不大于1.5 mm，过滤器的入口及出口处应设置永久性压力测点； e)对于燃用高炉煤气、焦炉煤气等含较多一氧化碳燃料的锅炉，燃气系统应安装一氧化碳在线监测装置； f)在主燃气控制阀系的所有自动控制阀的上游，应设置一只手动快速切断阀，以便能够快速切断燃烧器气源。手动快速切断阀应装在安全、便于操作的地方。 4.1.3燃料的计量 每台锅炉应装设燃料量的指示、积算和记录仪表。 4.2送风系统 4.2.1 当多个燃烧器共用一台风机时，送风管路上的每个燃烧器前均应装配送风压力测量装置。 4.2.2对于带多个燃烧器的燃烧系统，当燃烧所需空气是由一共用的供风设备提供时，在每个燃烧器的风管上应装配一关断设备(例如挡板)。关断装置要求如下： a)关断装置的开、关位置应有清晰的指示； b)切断燃烧器的燃料供给时，应同时自动切断空气供应(必要时，仅保持最小开度)。 4.3排烟系统 4.3.1锅炉的排烟系统应有良好的密封性能。 4.3.2应监测排烟系统的以下运行参数，以满足安全、节能运行要求： a)排烟温度； b)额定蒸发量大于4 t/h的蒸汽锅炉或额定热功率大于2.8 MW的热水锅炉，应监测排烟含氧量； c)如锅炉带引风机，应监测引风机负荷电流。当蒸汽锅炉的额定蒸发量大于4 t/h或热水锅炉的额定热功率大于2.8 MW时，应监测引风机进口挡板开度或调速风机转速。 4.3.3在确保不产生易燃、易爆混合物的前提下，多台锅炉的排烟道可连在一起，并共用一个烟囱。在每台锅炉的支烟道内应装设烟道挡板，挡板应保证可靠密封。挡板应有可靠的限位装置，以保证锅炉运行时挡板处于全开启位置，不能自行关闭。 4.4燃烧系统 4.4.1燃烧器的选型 燃烧器的选型应符合以下基本要求： a)燃烧器的实际输出功率不小于锅炉热功率除以锅炉热效率。实际输出功率是在克服锅炉烟气阻力前提下燃烧器所应到达的输出功率； b)燃烧器的火焰不能与锅炉的燃烧室壁面或炉管直接接触。 4.4.2燃烧系统的安全与控制要求 4.4.2.1燃烧器应设有点火装置，并应保证点火燃烧器和主燃烧器的安全点火。 4.4.2.2火焰监测装置应当符合以下要求： a)燃烧器设有火焰监测装置，能够验证火焰是否建立； b)火焰监测装置的安装位置能够使其不受外部信号的干扰； c)在点火火焰和主火焰分别设有独立的火焰监测装置的场合，点火火焰不能影响主火焰的检测。 4.4.2.3对于额定燃油量不大于100 kg/h的压力雾化燃油燃烧器，油泵与喷嘴之间应设置安全切断阀，可以允许安全切断阀和油泵采用一体化结构，并且应符合以下要求： a)单级式燃烧器应至少设置一套安全切断阀； b)两级或多级调节燃烧器，应给每一个喷嘴设置一套安全切断阀； c)对于装有回油喷嘴的燃烧器，在供油管和回油管上分别设置一套安全切断阀； d)如果喷嘴切断阀经过测试可作为安全切断装置，则可在供油管和回油管上分别设置喷嘴切断阀； e)如果燃油雾化器采用回油喷嘴并且燃油量大于30 kg/h，则应在回油管上设置油压监测装置，监测回油管内的压力。 4.4.2.4对于额定燃油量大于100 kg/h的压力雾化燃油燃烧器，油泵与喷嘴之间应设置安全切断阀，可以允许安全切断阀和油泵采用一体化结构，并且应当符合以下要求： a)应在供油管上设置两个串联布置的安全切断阀，其中一个安全切断阀是快关型式的，另一个安全切断阀则可作为燃烧室输入热量的最终控制元件，并且其关闭时间不得超过5 s； b)对于装有回油喷嘴的燃烧器，在回油管上设置两个安全切断阀以及在输出调节器和安全切断阀之间设置一个压力监测装置； c)如果喷嘴切断阀经过测试可作为安全切断阀，则其可以代替安全切断阀分别安装在供油管与回油管上； d)安全切断阀应是联锁的，供油管上的安全切断阀如果是打开的，则回油管上的安全切断阀不能关闭(在多级调节燃烧器满负荷运行的情况下，该要求不适用)；联锁装置应能保证在两个安全切断阀之间不会产生过大的增压现象。 4.4.2.5对于转杯雾化燃油燃烧器和介质雾化燃油燃烧器，其安全切断阀的选取与布置要求可参照压力雾化燃烧器执行。 4.4.2.6带有预热装置的燃烧器在启动过程中，在达到燃油所要求的最低预热温度前，自动安全关断设备不应切断燃烧器的燃料供应。 4.4.2.7燃气燃烧器主燃气控制阀系应当符合以下要求： a)燃烧器主燃气控制阀系应配置两只串联的自动安全切断阀或组合阀； b)燃气控制阀关断时，规格小于或者等于100 mm的在不超过1 s的时间内安全关闭，规格大于100 mm的在不超过3 s的时间内安全关闭； c)额定输出功率大于1.2 MW的燃烧器，主燃气控制阀系应设置有阀门检漏装置； d)燃烧器主燃气控制阀系上游至少设置一只压力传感器； e)设有独立点火燃烧器时，点火火焰已经建立并经火焰监测装置验证后，主燃气控制阀才能开启，建立主火焰。 4.4.2.8燃油、燃气燃烧器的点火安全时间及熄火安全时间应符合GB/T 16508.5中的相关要求。 4.4.2.9燃烧器启动点火之前，应对燃烧室及烟道进行前吹扫。 4.4.2.9.1 燃油燃烧器前吹扫时间和前吹扫风量应符合以下要求： a)对于额定燃油量不大于30 kg/h的燃烧器，能够保证风机在全开启状态下前吹扫时间不少于5 s； b)对于额定燃油量大于30 kg/h的燃烧器，前吹扫风量可以小于额定输出功率下的空气流量，前吹扫时间与空气流量成反比例，但是前吹扫时间不能低于15 s，并且吹扫风量不能低于对应锅炉最大输入热量所需风量的50％。 除了本条a)、b)项要求外，前吹扫时间与前吹扫风量还应满足所配套锅炉的设计要求。 4.4.2.9.2燃气燃烧器前吹扫时间和前吹扫风量应当符合以下要求： a)以额定输出功率下的空气流量进行前吹扫的时间不少于20 s； b)以小于额定输出功率下的空气流量进行前吹扫时，前吹扫时间与空气流量成反比例增加，最小吹扫空气流量不低于额定空气流量的50％。 除了本条a)、b)项要求外，前吹扫时间与前吹扫风量还应满足所配套锅炉的设计要求。 4.4.2.10燃油、燃气燃烧器的启动热功率应符合GB/T 16508.5的相关要求。 4.4.2.11 以下情况时，燃烧器应当在安全时间内自动切断燃料供应，系统应达到安全联锁； a)燃烧器启动时，在前吹扫时间内检测到火焰或在点火安全时间内没有检测到火焰； b)燃烧器在运行时火焰突然熄灭； c)燃烧器在启动或运行过程中，出现空气监测故障信号； d)设有位置验证开关的燃烧器，在启动或运行过程中，燃烧器(或部件)的位置验证异常； e)如装有烟气挡板，不能证实挡板完全打开时； f)引风机跳闸时； g)送风机跳闸时； h)若设有烟气再循环，当再循环烟气流量与燃烧器燃烧负荷的比例失调时； i)如装有烟气再循环风机，当风机发生故障时； j)燃油及其雾化工质的压力、燃气压力低于规定值时； k)紧急开关动作时； l)与锅炉安全有关的控制参数(如压力、水位、温度等)超限。 当排除a)～j)的原因后，如果装置允许，通过执行常规启动程序可使燃烧器自动重启。 当出现k)、l)所述工况时，应达到锁定状态。只能采用人工介入来重新启动。 当出现b)项的情况，如果燃油燃烧器额定燃油量不大于30 kg/h或者火焰熄灭后在重新点火之前的燃油切断时间不超过1 s，则可以允许燃烧器直接重新点火一次。 4.4.2.12对于空气流量与燃气流量不同时改变的多级调节或连续调节燃气燃烧器，其空气/燃气控制应满足以下任一要求： a)调大火先调空气，调小火先调燃气， b)调节过程不能出现燃气过剩的情况。 4.4.2.13带放散装置的燃气控制阀系，放散管的直径应不小于上游主燃气控制阀有效孔径的25％。 4.4.2.14气体燃烧系统关闭过程中，在燃气控制阀系关闭之前，供风系统不能自动关闭。 4.4.2.15燃烧器在启动及运行过程的任何时候电源中断时，应能够安全联锁，只有人工复位或切断、恢复电源燃烧器才允许重新启动。 4.4.2.16在设有高压点火装置的部位，应设置明显的警示标志。 4.4.2.17为能观察点火装置和燃烧器火焰，应在燃烧室或燃烧器上开检查孔。如果有可能有热烟气逸出，则应有保护检查人员安全的措施。 4.4.2.18应自动控制燃烧器的燃烧负荷。 4.4.2.19对于额定蒸发量大于20 t/h的蒸汽锅炉或额定热功率大于14 MW的热水锅炉，应装设燃气、燃油的温度和压力的记录仪表。 4.4.3燃烧器的节能要求 4.4.3.1燃烧器在额定负荷下运行时，过量空气系数应低于1.15，燃烧器在最小负荷时，过量空气系数应低于1.5。 4.4.3.2燃烧器应设置空气调节装置，设置调节挡板的，空气挡板的位置有清晰的指示； 4.4.3.3燃油燃烧设备额定输出热功率大于或等于4.2 MW时，需采用燃油流量调节装置，使其输出功率在规定范围内连续可调。连续调节燃烧器的燃油流量调节应当有清晰的指示。 燃气燃烧设备额定输出热功率大于或等于0.35 MW时，需采用燃气流量调节装置，使其输出功率在规定范围内可调。燃气燃烧设备额定输出热功率大于或等于4.2 MW时，需采用连续调节装置，燃气流量调节应该有清晰的指示。 4.4.3.4对多级调节或连续调节的燃烧器，空气和燃油(气)调节装置应该能够通过机械、电动或其他方式实现联动。 4.4.4锅炉安装完成后，应对燃烧器进行调试，调试内容应包括： a)安全性能调试包括气密性(对燃气燃烧器)、安全时间(点火安全时间和熄火安全时间)、前吹扫时间、火焰稳定性、燃气压力开关、空气压力开关等。如配置铰链开关，还应单独测试其连锁功能； b)运行性能调试，包括燃烧器输出热功率范围测试以及运行状态下的燃烧产物排放。 4.4.5燃烧器技术文件 4.4.5.1燃烧器产品出厂时，至少应附有以下随机资料： a)产品外形及安装尺寸图； b)电气接线图； c)产品使用说明书； d)产品合格证书； e)产品型式试验合格证书或监督检验抽查合格证书(复印件)； f)产品装箱清单。 4.4.5.2产品使用说明书应当包括以下内容： a)产品结构和工作原理说明； b)产品性能说明(含工作曲线)； c)安装要求； d)操作方法的详细说明； e)维护保养说明； f)警告和注意事项。