This standard was drafted according to the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard is the revision of Testing Methods for Down and Feather (GB/T 10288-2003).
Compared with GB/T 10288-2003, this standard has the following main changes:
- “Terms and Definitions” was modified;
- the condition of normal atmospheric environment shall be executed according to the requirements of GB/T 6529-2008 and the allowance range of relative humidity was changed to ±4.0% from ±2.0%;
- the "sampling quantity" and specimen quantity required for partial inspection items were adjusted;
- the inspection of "quill feather" was added in the composition analysis;
- the secondary classification specification of undistinguishable feather and down was added in the type identification of the down and feather of goose and duck.
- the pretreatment method of specimen in filling power inspection was changed to "steam reduction method"; the filling power tester specified by the testing rules of International Down and Feather Bureau (IDFB) was adopted for the filling power testing and charging bucket was added for dropping feather and down;
- the inspection of "turbidity" was adjusted as Method A (visual observation) and Method B (special turbidity tester);
- in the inspection of "fat and oil content", the requirements for backflow times were modified and the application of rotary evaporator was canceled;
- the requirements for the inspector in "smell" inspection were added and the result judgment was modified;
- the inspection for "acidity (pH value)" was added;
- the computational formula of "moisture regain" was added in the "moisture content" inspection and the requirements of packaging container were definitely specified;
- except for "turbidity", all inspection results were accurate to one decimal place;
- the content of the test report was added;
- the content of Appendix A (Methods of Microbiological Examination) was deleted.
This standard is proposed by China National Light Industry Council.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Leather of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 252).
Drafting organizations of this standard: China Chamber of Commerce of Foodstuffs and Native Produce, Liuqiao Group Co., Ltd., Anhui Hongrun (Group) Co., Ltd., Bosideng Downwear Co., Ltd. Anhui Honren Co. (Group) Ltd., Guqi Down & Feather Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Fiber Product Testing and Research Institute, Anhui Xiazhen Down Incorporated Company and China Feather and Down Industrial Association.
Chief drafters of this standard: Song Baoguo, Deng Jin, Zhang Yulian, Cao Zonghua, Zhao Xianmei, He Jingqiao, Ling Weiliang, Yao Xiaoman and Cui Jingyi.
The previous editions of standards replaced by this standard are as follows:
- GB/T 10288-1988 and GB/T 10288-2003; - GB/T 10289-1988.
Test Method for Down and Feather
羽绒羽毛检验方法
1 Scope
This standard specifies terms and definitions, sampling and specimen treatment as well as inspection and test report of down and feather inspection.
This standard is applicable to the filling material inspection for down and feather as well as their products.
2 Normative References
The following documents for the application of this document are essential. Any dated reference, just dated edition applies to this document. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 601 Chemical Reagent - Preparations of Standard Volumetric Solutions
GB/T 6529 Textiles - Standard Atmospheres for Conditioning and Testing
GB/T 6682 Water for Analytical Laboratory Use - Specification and Test Methods
GB/T 8170 Rules of Rounding Off for Numerical Values & Expression and Judgement of Limiting Values
GB/T 17685 Down and Feather
GSB 16-2763 Standard Sample Photos of Down and Feather
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions and those established in GB/T 17685 apply.
3.1
Moisture content
The percent of moisture mass contained in down and feather in their original weight.
3.2
Moisture regain
The percent of moisture mass contained in down and feather in their absolutely dry weight.
4 Sampling and Specimen Treatment
4.1 Sampling method
One of the following methods may be selected for sampling and the specimen shall be representative.
- sampling from the unpacked temporary package;
- sampling from the packed package;
- sampling from down and feather products.
4.2 Sampling quantity
The sampling quantity of bulk (including packages of down and feather as well as their products) shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 1.
Table 1 Sampling Quantity of Bulk
Quantity of goods/(box, package or piece) Number of unpacked packages
(sampling point of each package≥3) Mass of individual sample /g
≥ Total mass of sample/g
≥
1 1 135 405
2~8 2 70 420
9~25 3 45 450
26~90 5 30 450
91~280 8 20 480
281~500 9 20 540
501~1 200 11 20 660
1 201~3 200 15 15 675
>3200 19 15 855
4.3 Sampling requirements
4.3.1 Sampling method for down and feather: sample separately from three positions (top, middle and bottom) of individual package.
4.3.2 Sampling method for down and feather products: for the large product such as down beddings with nominal down content of individual sample reaching 500g or above, sampling shall be separately carried out from three positions; for other feather products, all filling material shall be taken as the test sample.
4.3.3 Containers for sampling: for the moisture content/moisture regain inspection, the specimen shall be placed at clean, intact and airtight container; for other inspection items, the specimen may be placed at common sample bag.
4.4 Test atmosphere conditions and sample balance.
Composition analysis, type identification and filling power test shall be carried out in the condition of constant temperature and humidity; test atmospheric conditions shall be implemented according to the requirements of GB/T 6529 and the balance time of sample shall be 24h or above. Other inspection items may be carried out in the room temperature or physical condition.
4.5 Specimen treatment
4.5.1 Instruments and equipment
Sample mixing slot with length × width of 150cm~200cm × 80cm~100cm, depth of 20m~30cm, height from the bottom surface to ground surface of 55cm~65cm is made of such antistatic materials as wood or stainless steel.
4.5.2 Sample homogenization and reduction
4.5.2.1 Place all samples into the sample mixing slot and adopt the method of "mixing first and spreading later". First, even the sample with hands, spread flat the down intersectly and layer by layer in the method of starting from the left and falling at the right and starting from the right and falling at the left; then repeatedly reduce it to 100g with foursquare bisection method. Select 5 equally distributed points in the sampling section of middle circularity from sample center to the edge and clamp the sample with fingers. Attention shall be paid to that sampling is from the top to the bottom. If the sample after reduction is still uneven, then it shall be repeatedly reduced to the specified mass.
4.5.2.2 Specimen of corresponding mass shall be respectively weighted according to the designed inspection items and those specified in Table 2.
4.5.2.3 Residual sample is used as reserved sample.
4.5.3 Specimen quantity required for each inspection item
The specimen quantity required for each inspection item shall meet those specified in Table 2.
Table 2 Specimen Quantity Required for Each Inspection Item
Inspection item Mass of individual specimen/g Number of specimen
Composition analysis Down content ≥50% ≥2 3 (2 for inspection and 1 for standby)
Down content<50% ≥3 3 (2 for inspection and 1 for standby)
Pure feather ≥30 3 (2 for inspection and 1 for standby)
Filling power 30±0.1(pretreatment: 40) 1
Oxygen number 10±0.1 2
Turbidity 10±0.1 2
Fat and oil content Down content≥50% 2~3 2
Down content<50% 4~5 2
Smell 10±0.1 2
Acidity (pH value) 1±0.01
(sample preparation: 5) 2
Moisture content/Moisture regain Down content≥50% ≥25 2
Down content<50% ≥35 2
Note: The "down content" in this table are all nominal values.
4.6 Sample reservation
In the condition of ventilation, dry and insect prevention, the sample can be reserved for at least half a year. Reserved sample shall be tagged with labels and the washed and unwashed shall be placed separately.
5 Inspection
5.1 Composition analysis
5.1.1 Instruments and equipment
5.1.1.1 Sorting box shall be with transparent top and adequate lighting inside for easy operation. The bottom dimensions of the box are 60cm×40cm, the height of front surface is 25cm and back surface is 40cm.
5.1.1.2 Analytical balance: with precision of 0.000 1g;
5.1.1.3 Stainless steel rule with length of 15cm or above and precision of 1.0mm.
5.1.1.4 Container may be used for holding and weighing separated compositions such as breaker.
5.1.1.5 Tweezers.
5.1.2 Requirements
5.1.2.1 Composition analysis includes the separation of down, down fiber, feather fiber, waterfowl feather, damaged waterfowl feather, landfowl feather, long feather, quill feather and residue.
5.1.2.2 The composition is analyzed in two steps:
- preliminary sorting; mixture containing down/down fiber/feather fiber, waterfowl feather, damaged waterfowl feather, landfowl feather (containing landfowl damaged feather and landfowl fiber), long feather, quill feather and residue shall be separated;
- secondary sorting; down, down fiber and feather fiber shall be separated from their mixture; if other compositions such as waterfowl feather and residue still exist in the secondary sorting, further separation shall be carried out for them.
If the sample is pure feather, it is unnecessary to carry out the secondary sorting.
5.1.2.3 Classification and separation shall be carried out for sample according to the requirements of GSB 16-2763.
5.1.3 Specimen preparation
Weigh 3 samples according to those specified in Table 2 and place them in the atmospheric conditions specified by 4.4; accurately weigh at the time 24h after conditioning, record the initial mass with the accuracy of 0.000 1g.
5.1.4 Preliminary sorting
5.1.4.1 Operating method of preliminary sorting
Place the inspection sample and seven beakers in the sorting box. Pick out all kinds of feather with tweezers and blow feathers gently with thumb and forefinger to remove other adhesive compositions. Place the seven compositions of complete waterfowl feather, damaged waterfowl feather, landfowl feather (containing landfowl damaged feather and landfowl feather fiber, long feather, quill feather, mixture containing down/down fiber/feather fiber, and residue at different containers.
5.1.4.2 Calculation of preliminary sorting
The mass of contents in each container shall be separately weighed and recorded with the accuracy of 0.000 1g after sorting.
The mass of contents in seven containers shall be added to obtain the total mass (m1) after sorting.
The percent of all kinds of compositions obtained after preliminary sorting in the total mass shall be respectively calculated taking the waterfowl feather content of Formula (1) as an example; the calculation result shall be expressed in % and rounded off to 0.1 according to GB/T 8170.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Sampling and Specimen Treatment
5 Inspection
6 Test Report
