General code for fire protection of buildings and constructions
1 General provisions
1.0.1 This code is formulated in accordance with relevant laws and regulations in order to prevent building fire, reduce fire hazards, guarantee personal and property safety and ensure that the fire protection requirements of buildings are safe and applicable, technologically advanced and economically reasonable.
1.0.2 Except for buildings where civil explosives are produced and stored, fire protection in planning, design, construction, use and maintenance of newly-built, renovated and expanded buildings, as well as fire protection in renovation, use, and maintenance of existing buildings, must comply with this code.
1.0.3 Factory buildings and storages where flammable and explosive materials are produced and stored shall be located at the edge of the town planning zone or a relatively independent safety zone.
1.0.4 For existing urban building-intensive areas with low fire resistance level, fire separation measures shall be taken, fire lanes shall be built, and fire water sources, municipal fire water supply and municipal fire hydrant systems shall be improved.
1.0.5 During the renovation of existing buildings, corresponding fire protection technical requirements shall be determined based on factors such as the current situation of the building and the scale, fire hazard and usage after the renovation. The objective, function and performance requirements specified in this code shall also be realized. Existing factory buildings, storages, among others, in urban built-up areas affecting fire safety shall be relocated or reconstructed.
1.0.6 CNG primary filling station, Class I automobile gasoline station, gas filling station and combined gasoline & gas filling station shall not be constructed in the urban built-up areas.
1.0.7 The urban fire station shall be located at the downwind side of the flammable & explosive hazardous material locations or facilities with the minimum frequency wind direction throughout the year, with land boundary at least 50m away from gasoline stations, gas filling stations and combined gasoline & gas filling stations, and at least 200m away from Classes A and B factory buildings and flammable & explosive hazardous material storage sites. The main entrance and exit for on-duty vehicles of urban fire station shall be at least 50m away from the main evacuation exit of large and crowded public buildings.
1.0.8 It is up to the relevant responsibility subjects to determine whether the technical methods and measures adopted in the engineering construction meet the requirements of this code. Innovative technical methods and measures shall be demonstrated and meet the performance requirements in this code.
1.0.9 Those who violate the provisions of this code shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations.
2 Basic requirements
2.1 Objectives and functions
2.1.1 The fire resistance and fortification standards of a building shall be compatible with the height (buried depth), number of floors, scale, category, nature of use, functional use and fire hazard of the building.
2.1.2 The fire protection of buildings shall comply with the following objectives:
1 To protect the safety of person and property and personal health;
2 To ensure important using functions, and the continuity of production, business or operation of important facilities;
3 To protect the public interest;
4 To protect the environment and save resources
2.1.3 The fire protection of buildings shall comply with the following functional requirements:
1 The load-bearing structure of a building shall ensure that it still can perform its load-bearing function normally within the designed fire resistance time after being subjected to a fire or high temperature;
2 Buildings shall be equipped with facilities that can ensure safe evacuation or refuge of personnel in the event of a fire in the building;
3 The fire separation inside and outside the building shall be able to prevent the fire from spreading to adjacent buildings or other fire separation areas within the set time;
4 The overall layout of the building and the distance between the building and adjacent buildings shall meet the requirements of fire rescue.
2.1.4 The planning, design, construction and use of temporary buildings or facilities constructed during events, exhibitions, risk avoidance, disaster relief and transition periods in disaster areas shall comply with fire safety requirements. The centralized layout area of transitional resettlement houses in disaster areas shall be separately divided into fire separation areas according to different functional areas. The floor area of each fire separation area shall not exceed 2,500m2, and fire lanes for fire fighting vehicles to pass shall be set around.
2.1.5 As for the production technology layout and production process control within the factory building, as well as the design and installation of process devices, equipment, instruments, materials and other items, corresponding fire protection and explosion prevention measures shall be taken based on the fire hazard of the production site.
2.1.6 The fire protection requirements for traffic tunnels shall be determined comprehensively based on factors such as the construction location, length of closed sections, traffic flow, type of passing vehicles, environmental conditions and the setting of nearby fire stations.
2.1.7 Measures shall be taken to prevent the formation of explosive conditions at places or parts of a building exposed to explosive hazards of combustible gases, vapors, dust and fibers; when adopting pressure relief, pressure reduction, structural explosion resistance or explosion-proof measures, it shall be ensured that the main load-bearing structure of the building can still perform its load-bearing function under the pressure generated by combustion or explosion.
2.1.8 In environments with combustible gases, vapors, dust and fiber explosion hazards, equipment and pipelines that may generate static electricity shall have the capability to prevent the occurrence or accumulation of static electricity.
2.1.9 Measures shall be taken to prevent the accumulation of combustible gases and vapors indoors at places or parts of a building that emit combustible gases and vapors lighter than air; places or parts that emit combustible gases, vapors heavier than air, or have a risk of dust or fiber explosion shall meet the following requirements:
1 The floor shall be non-sparking, and the overall floor surface layer paved with insulation materials shall have the performance to prevent static electricity;
2 The internal surface of places emitting combustible dust and fibers shall be flat, smooth and easy to clean;
3 When setting up a trench in a place, measures shall be taken to prevent the accumulation of combustible gases, vapors, dust and fibers in the trench, and to prevent fires from spreading through the connection between the trench and adjacent places.
2.2 Fire rescue facilities
2.2.1 The fire rescue facilities of a building shall be suitable for the height (buried depth), throat, scale, etc. of the building, and shall meet the requirements of fire rescue.
2.2.2 Within the scope of the building corresponding to the fire fighting vehicle climbing operation site, stairway leading directly to the outside or entrance leading directly to the staircase shall be set.
2.2.3 Except for buildings with special requirements and Class A factory buildings where fire rescue exits are not required, fire rescue exits shall be set on the outer walls of buildings for easy access of fire rescue personnel, and the fire rescue exits shall meet the following requirements:
1 Each fire compartment along the outer wall shall have at least two fire rescue exits within the corresponding range of fire rescue operation surface;
2 Buildings without outer windows shall have fire rescue exits at each floor, while buildings with outer windows shall have fire rescue exits on each floor starting from the third floor;
3 The net height and net width of the fire rescue exit shall not be less than 1.0m, and when the door is used as a fire rescue exit, the net width shall not be less than 0.8m;
4 The fire rescue exit shall be easy to open or break from indoors and outdoors, and safety glass shall be used when adopting glass windows;
5 The fire rescue exit shall be equipped with permanent and obvious signs that can be identified indoors and outdoors.
2.2.4 A mechanical pressurized air supply system shall be installed lean against the outer wall or the enclosed staircase or smoke-proof staircase directly connecting to the roof. A normally closed emergency smoke extraction window shall be installed on the top or the top-layer outer wall of the staircase, and the emergency smoke exhaust window shall have manual and linkage opening functions.
2.2.5 Except for places with special functions, performance requirements or slow fire spreading, emergency smoke and heat exhaust facilities shall be installed on the outer walls or roofs for the following aboveground buildings or parts without openable outer windows, and the emergency smoke and heat exhaust facilities shall have the manual, linkage, or automatic opening function based on smoke temperature:
1 Class C factory building with the building area of any floor more than 2,500m2;
2 Class C storage with the building area of any floor more than 2,500m2;
3 Store business halls, exhibition halls, conference halls, multi-functional halls or banquet halls with a building area greater than 2,500m2 on any floor, as well as the walkways with a length greater than 60m in these buildings;
4 Rooms and walkways of public entertainment places with a total building area of more than 1,000m2;
5 The atrium next to outer wall or extending to the building roof.
2.2.6 Except for urban comprehensive pipe racks, traffic tunnels, and indoor mechanical garages without lanes or watch man that may not be arranged with fire lifts, the following buildings shall be equipped with fire lifts, and at least one fire lift shall be arranged for each fire compartment:
1 Residential buildings with a building height greater than 33m;
2 Care facilities for the aged at the fifth floor or above, with a building area greater than 3,000m2 (including those located on the fifth floor or above in other buildings);
3 Class I high-rise public buildings, and Class II high-rise public buildings with a building height greater than 32m;
4 Class C high-rise factory buildings with a building height greater than 32m;
5 Enclosed or semi-enclosed garages with a building height greater than 32m;
6 Except for rail transportation engineering, underground or semi-underground buildings (rooms) with a buried depth of more than 10m and a total building area of more than 3,000m2.
2.2.7 Public areas of metro stations with a buried depth greater than 15m shall be equipped with fire access.
2.2.8 The fire lifts in buildings shall have an anteroom, except for those in the storage corridor, cold storage hall and silo work tower. The anteroom of the fire lift shall meet the following requirements
1 The anteroom shall be directly connected to the outside on the first floor or connected to the outside through a dedicated passage, and fire separation measures shall be taken between this passage and adjacent areas.
2 The usable area of the anteroom shall not be less than 6.0m2, and the usable area of the combined anteroom shall meet the requirements of 7.1.8 hereof; the short side of the anteroom shall not be less than 2.4m.
3 The anteroom or combined anteroom shall be separated from other parts by fire doors and fire partition walls with a fire resistance rating of not less than 2.00h. Fire shutters or fire glass walls shall not be used to replace fire partition walls, except for the openings in the anteroom of the cargo lift (also using as fire lift) that cannot be equipped with fire door and can be separated by fire shutters.
Foreword i
1 General provisions
2 Basic requirements
2.1 Objectives and functions
2.2 Fire rescue facilities
3 General layout of building
3.1 General
3.2 Industrial buildings
3.3 Civil buildings
3.4 Fire lanes and fire fighting vehicle climbing operation site
4 Building layout and fire separation
4.1 General
4.2 Industrial buildings
4.3 Civil buildings
4.4 Other works
5 Fire resistance of building structures
5.1 General
5.2 Industrial buildings
5.3 Civil buildings
5.4 Other works
6 Building construction and decoration
6.1 Fire wall
6.2 Fire partition wall and curtain wall
6.3 Fire prevention and stopping of shafts and pipelines
6.4 Fire doors, windows, shutters and glass walls
6.5 Interior decoration and exterior decoration of buildings
6.6 Thermal insulation of buildings
7 Safe evacuation and refuge facilities
7.1 General
7.2 Industrial buildings
7.3 Residential buildings
7.4 Public buildings
7.5 Other works
8 Fire facilities
8.1 Fire water supply and fire extinguishing facilities
8.2 Smoke control and extraction system
8.3 Automatic fire alarm system
9 Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system
9.1 General
9.2 Heating system
9.3 Ventilation and air-conditioning system
10 Electrical design
10.1 Fire electrical design
10.2 Non-fire electrical lines and equipment
11 Construction of buildings
12 Use and maintenance
