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Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. This standard replaces GB 5413.20-2013 National food safety standard—Determination of choline in infant food and dairy products. The following main changes have been made with respect to GB 5413.20-2013: ——Method II—Reinecke salt spectrophotometry is deleted and Ion chromatography is added as Method II; ——Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was added as Method III. National food safety standard— Determination of choline in infant food and dairy products 1 Scope This standard specifies the methods for determination of choline in infant food and dairy products. This standard is applicable to the determination of choline in infant food and dairy products. Method I—Enzymatic colorimetry 2 Principle After acid hydrolysis and enzyme action, the specimen reacts with chromogenic reagent to produce colored substances. In a certain concentration range, the color depth is proportional to choline content, which is quantified by external standard method. 3 Reagents and materials Unless otherwise specified, analytically-pure reagents and Class-III water specified in GB/T 6682 are used for the purpose of this method. 3.1 Reagents 3.1.1 Trihydroxymethyl aminomethane [(CH2OH)3CNH2]. 3.1.2 Phenol (C6H5OH). 3.1.3 Concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl). 3.1.4 Sodium hydroxide (NaOH). 3.1.5 Choline oxidase: ≥ 10 U/mg, stored at -20°C. 3.1.6 Peroxidase: ≥ 250 U/mg, stored at 2°C to 8°C. 3.1.7 4-aminoantipyrine(C11H13N3O). 3.1.8 Phospholipase D: ≥ 60 U/mg, stored at -20°C. 3.2 Preparation of reagents 3.2.1 Hydrochloric acid solution (1 mol/L): inject 85 mL concentrated hydrochloric acid into about 900 mL water and dilute it to 1,000 mL. 3.2.2 Hydrochloric acid solution (3 mol/L): inject 250 mL concentrated hydrochloric acid into about 600 mL water and dilute it to 1,000 ml. 3.2.3 Trimethylol aminomethane buffer solution (Tris) (0.05 mol/L): weigh 6.057 g trimethylol aminomethane accurately and dissolve it in 500 ml water, and adjust the pH to 8.0±0.2 with hydrochloric acid solution (1 mol/L), set the volume to 1,000 ml with water. This solution can be stored in refrigerator at 4°C for 1 month. 3.2.4 The chromogenic reagent: place 120 U of choline oxidase, 280 U of peroxidase, 100 U of phospholipase D, 15 mg of 4-aminoantipyrine and 50mg of phenol in a 100 ml volumetric flask and dissolve it in 0.05 mol/L Tris buffer solution and set its volume. Freshly prepare before use. 3.2.5 Sodium hydroxide solution (500g/L): weigh 500 g sodium hydroxide, dissolve it in water and dilute it to 1,000mL, and store it in a plastic container. 3.3 Standard sample Standard sample of choline tartrate hydrogen salt (C9H19NO7, relative molecular weight: 253.25, CAS No.: 87-67-2): purity ≥ 99%, or certified by China and granted with reference material certificate. 3.4 Preparation of standard solutions 3.4.1 Standard stock choline (in term of choline hydroxide, with relative molecular weight of 121.18) solution (2500 mg/L): accurately weigh 522.5 mg of choline hydrogen tartrate dried to constant weight at 102°C± 2°C, dissolve it with water, transfer it to a 100 mL volumetric flask for constant volume, and mix it well. Store it in dark below 4°C, with a shelf life of 3 months. 3.4.2 Standard working choline solution (250 mg/L): pipette 10.0 mL standard stock choline solution of in a 100mL volumetric flask, set the volume with water, mix it well, and store it in dark below 4°C, with a shelf life of 1 month. 3.5 Materials 3.5.1 0.45 μm waterborne membrane needle filter. 3.5.2 Syringe: 5 mL or equivalent. 4 Apparatus 4.1 Analytical balance: with a sensitivity of 0.1 mg and 0.001 g. 4.2 Constant temperature water bath device: the temperature can be controlled at 70°C± 2°C and 37°C± 2°C. 4.3 pH meter: with accuracy of 0.01. 4.4 Spectrophotometer. 5 Analytical procedures 5.1 Sample preconditioning 5.1.1 Sample pretreatment Accurately weigh 20 g (accurate to 0.001 g) of uniformly mixed liquid specimen in a 100 mL conical flask, add 10 mL of 3 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, cover it with stopper and mix it well. Accurately weigh 5 g (accurate to 0.001 g) of uniformly mixed semi-solid or solid specimens in a 100 mL conical flask, add 30mL of 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, add a stopper and mix it well. 5.1.2 Hydrolysis Place the container containing the specimen in a water bath at 70°C ± 2°C keep it for 3 h (shake every 30min) to cool it to room temperature. Adjust pH to 3.5 to 4.0 with sodium hydroxide solution (500 g/L), transfer it to a 50 mL volumetric flask, and set its volume with water to scale. 5.1.3 Filtering Filter the hydrolysate with filter paper. If the filtrate is not clear, filter it again with a 0.45 μm water-based membrane needle filter. Collect filtrate for testing. 5.2 Determination 5.2.1 Plotting of standard curve Pipette 2.00 mL, 4.00 mL, 6.00 mL, 8.00 mL and 10.00 mL standard working solutions of choline (250mg/L) into a volumetric flask of 10 mL, set their volume to scale, mix them well, and then prepare them into the standard series working solutions with concentrations of 50.0 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 150 mg/L, 200 mg/L and 250 mg/L. Prepare six colorimetric tubes, one of which is used as reagent blank (A), add 100 μL water, the other five of which are correspondingly added with 100 μL standard series working solution, and then add 3.00 mL chromogenic reagent respectively, mix them well, and put the colorimetric tubes in a water bath at 37°C ± 2°C for heat preservation and reaction for 15 min. 5.2.2 Specimen preparation Prepare two colorimetric tubes (B, C), add 100 μL of solution to be analyzed, add 3.00 ml of water into colorimetric tube B, add 3.00 ml of chromogenic agent into colorimetric tube C, mix well, and keep the colorimetric tubes in 37°C ± 2°C water bath for 15 min. 5.2.3 Colorimetric determination Take out the standard series working solutions and samplespecimens from the water bath and cool them to room temperature. At the wavelength of 505nm, take water as blank, and measure the absorbance value with 1 cm microcuvette. Plot the standard curve with the concentration of standard choline solution as the abscissa and the absorbance value of standard solution minus the absorbance value of reagent blank (colorimetric tube A) as the ordinate. 6 Expression of analysis results 6.1 Calculation of net absorbance value Generally, the reagent prepared will produce slight color, and the filtrate is not colorless due to hydrolysis. In order to remove these interference factors, the respective blank values (colorimetric tubes A and B) must be subtracted from the total absorbance value. The net absorbance value of the specimen is calculated using Formula (1): A=At-Ab-Ae (1) where, A——the net absorbance value of the specimen; At——the total absorbance value (colorimetric tube C); Ab——the absorbance value of reagent (colorimetric tube A); Ae——the absorbance value of filtrate (colorimetric tube B). Ab and Ae shall not be greater than 20% of the total absorbance value. 6.2 Calculation of choline content The choline content (in term of choline hydroxide) in the specimen is calculated using Formula (2): (2) where, X——the choline content (in term of choline hydroxide) in the specimen, mg/100g; c——the concentration of choline corresponding to the net absorbance value found from the standard curve, mg/L; V——-the diluted volume of the hydrolysate (constant volume of the hydrolysate, usually 50 mL), mL; f——the dilution factor. 100——the conversion coefficient; m——the mass of the specimen, g; 1,000——the conversion factor. The calculation results shall be rounded off to three significant figures. 7 Precision The absolute difference in the two results measured independently acquired under repeated conditions shall not exceed 10% of the arithmetic mean value. 8 Others When the weight of solid or semi-solid specimen is 5 g, the detection limit and the quantitative limit of the method are 1 mg/100g, and 3 mg/100g respectively; when the weight of the liquid specimen is 20 g, the detection limit and quantitative limit are 0.3 mg/100g and 0.8 mg/100g respectively. Method II—Ion chromatography 9 Principle Specimens are hydrolyzed by acid, purified by solid phase extraction column, separated by ion chromatography, detected by conductivity detector and quantified by external standard method. 10 Reagents and materials Unless otherwise specified, analytically-pure reagents and Class-I water specified in GB/T 6682 are used for the purpose of this method. 10.1 Reagents 10.1.1 Concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl). 10.1.2 Methane sulfonic acid (CH4O3S): chromatographically pure. 10.2 Preparation of reagents 10.2.1 Hydrochloric acid solution (1 mol/L): inject 85 ml concentrated hydrochloric acid into about 900ml water and dilute it to 1,000 ml. 10.2.2 Hydrochloric acid solution (1.7 mol/L): measure 145 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid and inject it into about 800 mL of water, and dilute it to 1,000 mL. 10.2.3 Hydrochloric acid solution (6 mol/L): pipette 0.390 mL concentrated hydrochloric acid and dilute it to 1,000 ml. 10.2.4 Methanesulfonic acid solution (15mmol/L): pipette 0.974 mL of methanesulfonic acid and dilute it to 1,000ml. 10.2.5 Methanesulfonic acid solution (25mmol/L): pipette 1.62 mL of methanesulfonic acid and dilute it to 1,000 ml. 10.3 Standard sample Standard sample of choline tartrate hydrogen salt (C9H19NO7, relative molecular weight: 253.25, CAS No.: 87-67-2): purity ≥ 99%, or certified by China and granted with reference material certificate. 10.4 Preparation of standard solutions 10.4.1 Standard stock choline (in term of choline hydroxide, with relative molecular weight of 121.18) solution (2500mg/L): accurately weigh 522.5 mg of choline hydrogen tartrate dried to constant weight at 102°C± 2°C, dissolve it with water, transfer it to a 100 mL volumetric flask for constant volume, and mix it well. Store it in dark below 4°C, with a shelf life of 3 months. 10.4.2 Standard working choline solution (100mg/L): pipette 2.0 ml of the above-mentioned standard stock choline solution into a 50ml volumetric flask, set the volume with 15 mmol/L methanesulfonic acid solution, mix it well, and store it in dark below 4°C, with a shelf life of 1 month. 10.4.3 Standard series working Choline solution: pipette 0.200 mL, 0.500 mL, 1.00 mL, 2.50 mL, 5.00 mL of the above standard choline working fluid were respectively into a set of 100 mL volumetric flasks, and then mix it with 15 mmol/L methanesulfonic acid solution at constant volume to prepare standard series working fluid with choline concentration of 0.200 mg/L, 0.500 mg/L, 1.00 mg/L, 2.50 mg/L and 5.00 mg/L. Freshly prepare it before use. 10.5 Materials 10.5.1 0.45 μm waterborne membrane needle filter. 10.5.2 Purification column: C18 solid phase extraction column in 1.0 mL or equivalent. 10.5.3 Syringe: 5 mL or equivalent. 11 Apparatus 11.1 Ion chromatograph (IC): conductance detector. 11.2 Analytical balance: with a sensitivity of 0.1mg and 0.001g. 11.3 Electrothermal constant temperature water bath device: the temperature can be controlled at 70°C ± 2°C. 11.4 Turbine mixer. 12 Analytical procedures 12.1 Sample preconditioning 12.1.1 Specimen extraction 12.1.1.1 Liquid specimen Accurately weigh 10 g (accurate to 0.001 g) of uniformly mixed liquid specimens in a 50mL colorimetric tube, add 15 mL of 1.7 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, cover them, mix them well, and hydrolyze them in a water bath at 70°C ± 2°C for 3 h (shake once every 30 min). Cool the hydrolysate to room temperature, transfer it to a 50 mL volumetric flask, set the volume with water to the scale, and mix it well for later use. 12.1.1.2 Semi-solid or solid specimen Accurately weigh 2.5 g (accurate to 0.001 g) semi-solid or solid specimen in a 50ml colorimetric tube, add 25 ml of 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution cover it, whirl it until there is no caking in the specimen solution, mix it well, and put it into a water bath at 70°C ± 2°C for hydrolysis for 3 h (shake once every 30 min). Cool the hydrolysate to room temperature, transfer it to a 50 mL volumetric flask, set the volume with water to the scale, and mix it well for later use. 12.1.2 Specimen purification Let 10 ml methanol and 15ml water pass C18 solid phase extraction column (1.0 ml) in turn before use, and then have it stand and activated for 30 min. Dilute the extraction solution 50 times with water (the dilution factor can be adjusted according to the concentration of choline in the specimen, not less than 10 times), take about 15 mL of diluted solution and pass it through 0.45 μm aqueous filter membrane and C18 solid phase extraction column (1.0 ml), discard the first 3ml, and collect the eluent to be tested. 12.2 Instrument reference conditions a) Column parameters for ion chromatography: high capacity cation exchange columns containing carboxyl groups, such as IonPac CS 12A of 4mm × 250mm (with IonPac CG 12A protection column of 4mm × 50mm) or LonPac CS 19 of 4mm × 250mm (with LonPac CG 19 protection column of 4mm × 50mm), or equivalent chromatographic columns. b) IonPac CS 12A iso-elution: 15 mmol/L methanesulfonic acid solution iso-elution, collection time: 25 min. IonPac CS 19 iso-elution: 6 mmol/L methanesulfonic acid solution iso-elution, collection time: 25 min. c) Flow velocity: 1.0 mL/min. d) Conductivity detector: equipped with suppressor or equivalent suppressor. e) Injection volume: 100 μL. 12.3 Plotting of standard curve Inject the standard series working fluids into ion chromatograph respectively, and measure the corresponding conductivity peak area or peak height. Plot the standard curve with the concentration of the standard series working solution as the abscissa and the conductivity peak area or peak height as the ordinate. See Annex A for ion chromatogram of standard choline solution. 12.4 Determination of specimen solution Inject the specimen solution into the ion chromatograph to obtain the corresponding conductivity peak area or peak height, and obtain the concentration of choline in the solution to be tested according to the standard curve. 12.5 Blank test Carry out blank test according to procedures in 12.1 without weighing the specimen. It shall be confirmed that there are no such substances that interfere with the components to be tested. Foreword i 1 Scope Method I—Enzymatic colorimetry 2 Principle 3 Reagents and materials 4 Apparatus 5 Analytical procedures 6 Expression of analysis results 7 Precision 8 Others Method II—Ion chromatography 9 Principle 10 Reagents and materials 11 Apparatus 12 Analytical procedures 13 Expression of analysis results 14 Precision 15 Others Method III—Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry GB 中华人民共和国国家标准 GB 5413.20—2022 食品安全国家标准 婴幼儿食品和乳品中胆碱的测定 2022-06-30发布 2022-12-30实施 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会 国家市场监督管理总局 发布 前言 本标准代替GB 5413.20—2013《食品安全国家标准 婴幼儿食品和乳品中胆碱的测定》。 本标准与GB 5413.20—2013相比,主要变化如下: ——删除了第二法雷氏盐分光光度法,增加了离子色谱法作为第二法; ——增加了液相色谱-串联质谱法作为第三法。 食品安全国家标准 婴幼儿食品和乳品中胆碱的测定 1 范围 本标准规定了婴幼儿食品和乳品中胆碱的测定方法。 本标准适用于婴幼儿食品和乳品中胆碱的测定。 第一法 酶比色法 2 原理 试样经酸水解,再经酶作用后与显色剂反应生成有色物质,在一定浓度范围内,其颜色的深浅与胆碱含量成正比,外标法定量。 3 试剂和材料 除非另有说明,本方法所用试剂均为分析纯,水为GB/T 6682规定的三级水。 3.1 试剂 3.1.1 三羟甲基氨基甲烷[(CH2OH)3CNH2]。 3.1.2 苯酚(C6H5OH)。 3.1.3 浓盐酸(HCl)。 3.1.4 氢氧化钠(NaOH)。 3.1.5 胆碱氧化酶:≥10U/mg,置于-20℃保存。 3.1.6 过氧化物酶:≥250U/mg,置于2℃~8℃保存。 3.1.7 4-氨基安替比林(C11H13N3O)。 3.1.8 磷脂酶D:≥60U/mg,置于-20℃保存。 3.2 试剂配制 3.2.1 盐酸溶液(1mol/L):量取85mL浓盐酸注入约900mL水中,稀释至1000mL。 3.2.2盐酸溶液(3mol/L):量取250mL浓盐酸注入约600mL水中,稀释至1000ml。 3.2.3 三羟甲基氨基甲烷缓冲溶液(Tris)(0.05mol/L):准确称取6.057g三羟甲基氨基甲烷溶于500mL水中,用盐酸溶液(1mol/L)调pH至8.0±0.2,再用水定容至1000mL。此溶液在4℃冰箱中可保存1个月。 3.2.4 显色剂:取120U的胆碱氧化酶、280U的过氧化物酶、100U的磷脂酶D、15mg4-氨基安替比林和50mg苯酚置于100mL的容量瓶中,用0.05mol/L Tris缓冲溶液溶解并定容。临用现配。 3.2.5 氢氧化钠溶液(500g/L):称取500g氢氧化钠,溶于水并稀释至1000mL,采用塑料容器储存。 3.3 标准品 胆碱酒石酸氢盐标准品(C9H19NO7,相对分子质量:253.25,CAS号:87-67-2):纯度≥99%,或经国家认证并授予标准物质证书的标准物质。 3.4 标准溶液配制 3.4.1 胆碱(以胆碱氢氧化物计,相对分子质量121.18)标准储备溶液(2500mg/L):准确称取在102℃±2℃烘至恒重的胆碱酒石酸氢盐522.5mg,用水溶解并转移至100mL容量瓶中定容,混匀。4℃以下避光保存,有效期3个月。 3.4.2 胆碱标准工作溶液(250mg/L):吸取10.0mL胆碱标准储备溶液于100mL容量瓶中,用水定容,混匀,4℃以下避光保存,有效期1个月。 3.5 材料 3.5.1 0.45μm水性滤膜针头滤器。 3.5.2 注射器:5mL或相当者。 4 仪器和设备 4.1 分析天平:感量分别为0.1mg和0.001g。 4.2 恒温水浴装置:温度可控制在70℃±2℃和37℃±2℃。 4.3 pH计:精度0.01。 4.4 分光光度计。 5 分析步骤. 5.1 样品前处理 5.1.1 样品预处理 准确称取20g(精确至0.001g)混合均匀的液态试样于100mL锥形瓶中,加入3mol/L的盐酸溶液10mL,加塞混匀。 准确称取5g(精确至0.001g)混合均匀的半固态或固态试样于100mL锥形瓶中,加入1mol/L的盐酸溶液30mL,加塞混匀。 5.1.2 水解 将装有试样的容器放在70℃±2℃水浴中,放置3h(每隔30min振摇一次),冷却至室温。用氢氧化钠溶液(500g/L)调pH至3.5~4.0,转入50mL容量瓶中,用水定容至刻度。 5.1.3 过滤 用滤纸过滤水解液,若滤液不澄清,用0.45μm水性滤膜针头滤器再次过滤。收集滤液待测。 5.2 测定 5.2.1 标准曲线的制作 分别吸取2.00mL、4.00mL、6.00mL、8.00mL、10.00mL胆碱标准工作溶液(250mg/L)于10mL的容量瓶中,用水定容至刻度,混匀,配制成浓度分别为50.0mg/L、100mg/L、150mg/L、200mg/L、250mg/L的标准系列工作溶液。准备6支比色管,一个比色管用作试剂空白(A),加入100μL水,另5支比色管对应加入标准系列工作溶液各100μL,再分别加入3.00mL显色剂,混匀,把比色管置于37℃±2℃水浴中保温反应15min。 5.2.2 试样准备 准备2支比色管(B,C),均加入待分析溶液100μL,比色管B加入3.00mL水,比色管C加入3.00mL显色剂,混匀,把比色管置于37℃±2℃水浴中保温反应15min。 5.2.3 比色测定 将标准系列工作溶液及试样从水浴中取出,冷却至室温。在波长505nm处,用水作空白,用1cm微量比色皿测定吸光值。以胆碱标准溶液的浓度为横坐标,以标准溶液的吸光值减去试剂空白(比色管A)的吸光值为纵坐标,制作标准曲线。 6 分析结果的表述 6.1 净吸光值的计算 通常配制的试剂会产生轻微颜色,且由于水解作用滤液也不是无色的,为了除去这些干扰因素,必须从总吸光值中减去各自的空白值(比色管A和比色管B)。 试样净吸光值按式(1)计算: A=At-Ab-Ae (1) 式中: A——试样净吸光值; At——总吸光值(比色管C)); Ab——试剂吸光值(比色管A); Ae——滤液吸光值(比色管B)。 Ab和Ae不应大于总吸光值的20%。 6.2 胆碱含量的计算 试样中的胆碱(以胆碱氢氧化物计)的含量按式(2)计算: (2) 式中: X——试样中的胆碱(以胆碱氢氧化物计)含量,单位为毫克每百克(mg/100g); c——自标准曲线上查得净吸光值对应的胆碱的浓度,单位为毫克每升(mg/L); V——水解液被稀释的体积(水解液定容体积,通常为50mL),单位为毫升(mL); f——稀释倍数; 100——换算系数; m——试样的质量,单位为克(g); 1000——换算系数。 计算结果保留三位有效数字。 7 精密度 在重复性条件下获得的两次独立测定结果的绝对差值不得超过算术平均值的10%。 8 其他 当固态或半固态试样称样量为5g时,方法的检出限为1mg/100g,定量限为3mg/100g;当液态试样称样量为20g时,方法的检出限为0.3mg/100g,定量限为0.8mg/100g。 第二法 离子色谱法 9 原理 试样经酸水解,固相萃取柱净化后离子色谱分离,电导检测器检测,外标法定量。 10 试剂和材料 除非另有说明,本方法所用试剂均为分析纯,水为GB/T 6682规定的一级水。 10.1 试剂 10.1.1 浓盐酸(HCl)。 10.1.2 甲烷磺酸(CH4O3S):色谱纯。 10.2 试剂配制 10.2.1 盐酸溶液(1mol/L):量取85ml浓盐酸注入约900mL水中,稀释至10000ml。 10.2.2 盐酸溶液(1.7mol/L):量取145mL浓盐酸注入约800mL水中,稀释至1000mL。 10.2.3 甲烷磺酸溶液(6mmol/L):吸取0.390mL甲烷磺酸并稀释至1000mL。 10.2.4 甲烷磺酸溶液(15mmol/L):吸取0.974mL甲烷磺酸并稀释至1000mL。 10.2.5 甲烷磺酸溶液(25mmol/L):吸取1.62mL甲烷磺酸并稀释至1000mL。 10.3 标准品 胆碱酒石酸氢盐标准品(C9H19NO7,相对分子质量:253.25,CAS号:87-67-2):纯度≥99%,或经国家认证并授予标准物质证书的标准物质。 10.4 标准溶液配制 10.4.1 胆碱(以胆碱氢氧化物计,相对分子质量121.18)标准储备液(2500mg/L):准确称取在102℃±2℃烘至恒重的胆碱酒石酸氢盐522.5mg,用水溶解并转移至100mL容量瓶中定容,混匀。4℃以下避光保存,有效期3个月。 10.4.2 胆碱标准工作液(100mg/L):吸取2.0mL上述胆碱标准储备液于50mL容量瓶中,用15mmol/L的甲烷磺酸溶液定容,混匀,4℃以下避光保存,有效期1个月。 10.4.3 胆碱标准系列工作液:分别吸取上述胆碱标准工作液0.200mL、0.500mL、1.00mL、2.50mL、5.00mL于一组100mL容量瓶中,用15mmol/L的甲烷磺酸溶液定容混匀,配得胆碱浓度为0.200mg/L、0.500mg/L、1.00mg/L、2.50mg/L、5.00mg/L的标准系列工作液。临用现配。 10.5 材料 10.5.1 0.45μm水性滤膜针头滤器。 10.5.2 净化柱:C18固相萃取小柱1.0mL或相当者。 10.5.3 注射器:5mL或相当者。 11 仪器和设备 11.1 离子色谱仪(IC):配电导检测器。 11.2 分析天平:感量分别为0.1mg和0.001g。 11.3 电热恒温水浴装置:温度可控制在70℃±2℃。 11.4 涡旋混合器。 12 分析步骤 12.1 样品前处理 12.1.1 试样提取 12.1.1.1 液态试样 准确称取10g(精确至0.001g)混合均匀的液体试样于50mL比色管中,加入1.7mol/L的盐酸溶液15mL,加盖,混匀后放入70℃±2℃水浴中水解3h(每30min摇一次)。将水解液冷却至室温,转移至50mL容量瓶并用水定容至刻度,混匀待用。 12.1.1.2 半固态或固态试样 准确称取2.5g(精确至0.001g)半固态或固体试样于50mL比色管中,加入1mol/L的盐酸溶液25mL,加盖,涡旋至试样溶液中无结块,混匀后放入70℃±2℃水浴中水解3h(每30min摇一次)。将水解液冷却至室温,转移至50mL容量瓶并用水定容至刻度,混匀待用。 12.1.2 试样净化 C18固相萃取小柱(1.0mL)使用前依次用10mL甲醇、15mL水通过,静置活化30min。用水稀释提取溶液50倍(可根据试样中胆碱的浓度适当的调整稀释倍数,不得少于10倍),取稀释后的溶液约15mL过0.45μm水性滤膜和C18固相萃取小柱(1.0mL),弃去前3mL,收集后面洗脱液待测。 12.2 仪器参考条件 a) 离子色谱柱参数:装有羧基的高容量阳离子交换柱,如IonPac CS12A 4mm×250mm(带IonPac CG12A型保护柱4mm×50mm)或lonPac CS19 4mm×250mm(带lonPac CG19型保护柱4mm×50mm),或等效色谱柱。 b) IonPac CS12A等度淋洗:15mmol/L甲烷磺酸溶液等度淋洗,采集时间25min。 IonPac CS19等度淋洗:6mmol/L甲烷磺酸溶液等度淋洗,采集时间25min。 c) 流速:1.0mL/min。 d) 电导检测器:配抑制器或等效抑制装置。 e) 进样量:100μL。 12.3 标准曲线的制作 将标准系列工作液分别注入离子色谱仪,测定相应的电导率峰面积或峰高。以标准系列工作液的浓度为横坐标,以电导率峰面积或峰高为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线。 胆碱标准溶液的离子色谱图参见附录A。 12.4 试样溶液的测定 将试样溶液注入离子色谱仪中,得到相应的电导率峰面积或峰高,根据标准曲线得到待测溶液中胆碱的浓度。 12.5 空白试验 不称取试样,按照12.1的步骤做空白试验。应确认不含有干扰待测组分的物质。 13 分析结果的表述 试样中胆碱(以胆碱氢氧化物计)的含量按式(3)计算: (3) X——试样中胆碱的含量,单位为毫克每百克(mg/100g); c——由标准曲线得到的试样溶液中胆碱(以胆碱氢氧化物计)的浓度,单位为毫克每升(mg/L); V——定容的体积,单位为毫升(mL); f——稀释倍数; 100——换算系数; m——试样的取样量,单位为克(g); 1000——换算系数。 计算结果保留三位有效数字。 14 精密度 在重复性条件下获得的两次独立测定结果的绝对差值不得超过算术平均值的10%。 15 其他 当固态或半固态试样称样量为2.5g时,方法的检出限为2mg/100g,定量限为6mg/100g;当液态试样称样量为10g时,方法的检出限为0.5mg/100g,定量限为2mg/100g。 第三法 液相色谱-串联质谱法 16 原理 试样经酸水解后调节pH并过滤,液相色谱-串联质谱测定和确认,同位素内标法定量。 17 试剂和材料 除非另有说明,本方法所用试剂均为分析纯,水为GB/T 6682规定的一级水。 17.1 试剂 17.1.1 甲酸(HCOOH):色谱纯。 17.1.2 乙腈(CH3CN):色谱纯。 17.1.3 甲酸铵(HCOONH4):纯度≥99.9%。 17.1.4 浓盐酸(HC)。 17.1.5 氢氧化钠(NaOH):纯度≥99%。 17.2 试剂配制 17.2.1 甲酸铵水溶液(10mmol/L):称取0.63g(精确至0.01g)甲酸铵,用水溶解后,用甲酸调节pH至5.0±0.1,转移至1000mL容量瓶中,用水定容至刻度,混匀。 17.2.2 盐酸溶液(1mol/L):量取85mL浓盐酸注入约900mL水中,稀释至1000mL。 17.2.3 氢氧化钠溶液(1mol/L):称取2.0g(精确至0.01g)氢氧化钠,用水溶解并稀释至50mL。 17.2.4 乙腈水溶液(80%):取80mL乙腈,用水稀释至100mL。 17.3 标准品 17.3.1 胆碱酒石酸氢盐标准品(C9H19NO7,相对分子质量:253.25,CAS号:87-67-2):纯度≥99%,或经国家认证并授予标准物质证书的标准物质。 17.3.2 稳定同位素内标:氯化胆碱-d4(C5H10NOD4Cl,相对分子质量:143.65,CAS号:285979-70-6):纯度≥99.8%,或相当者。 17.4 标准溶液配制 17.4.1 胆碱(以胆碱氢氧化物计,相对分子质量121.18)标准储备液(100mg/L):准确称取在102℃±2℃烘至恒重的胆碱酒石酸氢盐20.90mg,用80%的乙腈水溶液溶解并定容至100mL。摇匀后将溶液转移至棕色玻璃瓶中,4℃以下避光保存,有效期1个月。 17.4.2 胆碱标准工作液(1.0mg/L):吸取1.00mL上述胆碱标准储备液于100mL容量瓶中,用10mmol/L的甲酸铵水溶液定容,混匀。临用现配。 17.4.3 胆碱-d4内标储备液(1000mg/L):准确称取13.3mg氯化胆碱-d4,用80%乙腈水溶液溶解并转移至10mL棕色容量瓶中定容,混匀,4℃避光保存,有效期3个月。 17.4.4 胆碱-d4内标工作液(1.0mg/L):吸取0.10mL上述胆碱-d4内标储备液于100mL容量瓶中,用10mmol/L的甲酸铵水溶液定容,混匀,4℃以下避光保存,有效期1个月。 17.4.5 标准系列工作液:分别准确吸取上述胆碱标准工作液0.100mL、0.200mL、0.500mL、1.00ml、1.50mL、2.00mL至10mL容量瓶中,各加入500μL胆碱-d4内标工作液,用10mmol/L的甲酸铵水溶液定容混匀,该标准系列的胆碱浓度分别为0.010mg/L、0.020mg/L、0.050mg/L、0.100mg/L、0.150mg/L、0.200mg/L。临用现配。 17.5 材料 17.5.1 0.22μm水性滤膜针头滤器。 17.5.2 注射器:5mL或相当者。 18 仪器和设备 18.1 液相色谱-串联质谱仪:配电喷雾离子源(ESI)。 18.2 分析天平:感量分别为0.01mg和0.001g。 18.3 恒温水浴装置:温度可控制在70℃±2℃。 18.4 pH计:精度0.01。 18.5 超声波清洗器。 19 分析步骤 19.1 样品前处理 19.1.1 液态或半固态试样 准确称取2.5g~10g(精确至0.001g)试样,用温水溶解后,转移至25mL容量瓶中,冷却至室温后,用水定容,混匀。吸取1mL样液于50mL比色管中,备用。 19.1.2 固态试样 准确称取1g~5g(精确至0.001g)试样,用温水溶解后,转移至100mL容量瓶中,冷却至室温后,用水定容,混匀。吸取1mL样液于50mL比色管中,备用。 19.1.3 试样提取 在上述比色管中,加1000mg/L的胆碱-d4内标储备液50μL后,加入1mol/L的盐酸溶液10mL,小心摇晃均匀,超声振荡5min。样液在70℃±2℃水浴中加热3h(每隔30min摇匀一次),冷却至室温后用1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液调节pH至5.0~5.3,转移至100mL容量瓶,用水定容,混匀。然后用10mmol/L的甲酸铵水溶液稀释10倍后,经0.22μm水性滤膜过滤至进样瓶中,待测。 19.2 仪器参考条件 19.2.1 液相色谱参考条件 a) 色谱柱:Amide色谱柱(1.7μm,2.1mm×100mm),或相当者。 b) 流动相A:10mmol/L甲酸铵水溶液;流动相B:乙腈。 c) 流速:0.3mL/min。 d) 柱温:40℃。 e) 进样体积:2μL。 f) 梯度洗脱条件见表1。 表1 梯度洗脱条件 时间/min 流动相A/% 流动相B/% 19.2.2 质谱参考条件 a) 电离模式:ESI+。 b) 检测方式:多离子反应监测(MRM)。 c) 毛细管电压:3.1kV。 d) 离子源温度:150℃。 e) 辅助气温度:350℃。 f) 辅助气流量:600L/h。 g) 锥孔吹扫气流量:150L/h。 h) LM2射频透镜电压:2.75V。 i) HM2射频透镜电压:14.99V。 其他主要质谱参数条件参见表2。 表2 主要质谱参数 化合物 母离子(m/z) 锥孔电压/V 子离子(m/z) 碰撞能量/eV 胆碱 104.0 25 60.0*/45.0 15 氯化胆碱-d4 108.0 25 60.0*/49.0 15 注:*为定量子离子。 19.3 标准曲线的制作 按胆碱标准系列工作液浓度由低到高分别注入液相色谱-串联质谱仪中,以胆碱浓度为横坐标,以胆碱与氯化胆碱-d4内标峰面积比(A胆碱/A氯化胆碱-d4)和氯化胆碱-d4质量浓度的乘积为纵坐标,绘制胆碱的标准曲线。 19.4 试样溶液的测定 19.4.1 定性测定 试样溶液中胆碱和氯化胆碱-d4的响应值均应在检测的线性范围之内。试样溶液中的离子相对丰度与标准溶液的离子相对丰度比应符合表3的要求。胆碱标准溶液质谱扫描图及标准溶液、内标多反应监测(MRM)图参见附录B。 表3 试样溶液中离子相对丰度的允许偏差范围 相对丰度/% >50 >20~50 >10~20 ≤10 允许偏差/% ±20 ±25 ±30 ±50 19.4.2 定量测定 将试样溶液注入液相色谱-串联质谱仪中,测得相应的峰面积,根据标准曲线得到待测液中胆碱的浓度。 19.5 空白试验 不称取试样,按照19.1的步骤做空白试验。应确认不含有干扰待测组分的物质。 20 分析结果的表述 试样中胆碱(以胆碱氢氧化物计)的含量按式(4)计算: (4) 式中: X——试样中胆碱的含量,单位为毫克每百克(mg/100g); c——根据标准曲线计算得到的试样溶液中胆碱(以胆碱氢氧化物计)的浓度,单位为毫克每升(mg/L); V——试样经温水溶解后定容的体积,单位为毫升(mL); f——稀释倍数,其值为1000; 100——换算系数; m——试样的质量,单位为克(g); 1000——换算系数。 计算结果保留三位有效数字。 21 精密度 在重复性条件下获得的两次独立测定结果的绝对差值不得超过算术平均值的10%。 22 其他 称取液态或半固态试样2.5g时,方法的检出限为0.3mg/100g,定量限为0.8mg/100g;称取固态试样1g时,方法的检出限为3mg/100g,定量限为8mg/100g。 附录A 胆碱标准溶液的离子色谱图 胆碱标准溶液的离子色谱图见图A.1和图A.2。 电导率 说明: 1——钠; 2——铵; 3——钾; 4——胆碱; 5——镁; 6——钙。 图A.1 IonPac CS12A色谱柱等度淋洗色谱图(胆碱标准溶液浓度1mg/L) 电导率 说明: 1——钠; 2——铵; 3——钾; 4——胆碱; 5——镁; 6——钙。 图A.2 IonPac CS19色谱柱等度淋洗色谱图(胆碱标准溶液浓度1mg/L) 附录B 胆碱标准溶液质谱扫描图及标准溶液、内标多反应监测(MRM)图 B.1 胆碱标准溶液质谱扫描图见图B.1。 注:图中104.1m/z为参考母离子,60.1m/z为参考子离子1,45.1m/z为参考子离子2。 图B.1 胆碱标准品(100μg/L)质谱扫描图 B.2 胆碱标准溶液及其内标多反应监测(MRM)图见图B.2。 胆碱 图B.2 胆碱标准溶液(50μg/L)及其内标的MRM图 |
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