标准编号:	T/CNESA 1202-2020
中文名称:	飞轮储能系统通用技术条件
英文名称:	General technical requirements for flywheel energy storage systems
行业分类:	T/    团体标准
发布日期:	2020-04-10
实施日期:	2020-4-10
标准状态:	现行
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	15000 字
翻译价格(元):	1050.00 元
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.



This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.



Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.



This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the China Energy Storage Alliance.



Drafting organizations of this standard: Beijing Honghui Energy Development Co., Ltd., Tsinghua University, Pinggao Group Co., Ltd., Kinetic Traction Systems, Inc., Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute, Institute of Electrical Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Engineering Thermophysice, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Corporation of China, North China Electric Power University, Shenyang Weikong Energy Co., Ltd., and Bc New Energy (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.



Chief drafters of this standard: Dai Xingjian, Cui Yadong, Tian Gangling, Li Guangjun, Li Shusheng, Niu Zhehui, Zheng Jianyong, Yu Quanqing, Zhang Jianping, Tang Xisheng, Qiu Qingquan, Zhang Yanyan, Liu Yibing, Zhang Kai, Jiang Weiliang, and Qin Lijun.



This standard is issued for the first time.



General technical requirements for flywheel energy storage systems



1 Scope



This standard specifies the general requirements, performance requirements and test methods of flywheel energy storage systems (single machine).



This standard is applicable to flywheel energy storage systems suitable for flywheel energy storage application scenarios.



2 Normative references



The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.



GB/T 4208 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)

GB/T 7251.1-2013 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 1: General rules

GB/T 12325 Power quality - Deviation of supply voltage

GB/T 12326 Power quality - Voltage fluctuation and flicker

GB/T 14549 Quality of electric energy supply - Harmonics in public supply network

GB/T 15543 Power quality - Three-phase voltage unbalance

GB/T 17626.2-2018 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Electrostatic discharge immunity test

GB/T 17626.3-2016 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Radiated radio-frequency electromagnetic field immunity test

GB/T 17626.4-2018 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test

GB/T 17626.5-2019 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Surge immunity test

GB/T 17626.6-2017 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Immunity to conducted disturbances induced by radio-frequency fields

GB/T 17626.8-2006 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Power frequency magnetic field immunity test

GB 17799.4-2012 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Generic standards - Emission standard for industrial environments

GB/T 21413.1-2018 Railway applications - Electric equipment for rolling stock - Part 1: General service conditions and general rules

GB/T 24337 Power quality - Interharmonics in public supply network

GB/T 36548-2018 Test specification for electrochemical energy storage system connected to power grid

JB/T 5777.2 General specification for control and protection panel (cabinet and desk) of secondary circuit of power system

ISO 14839-2: 2004 Mechanical vibration - Vibration of rotating machinery equipped with active magnetic bearings - Part 2: Evaluation of vibration



3 Terms and definitions



For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.



3.1

flywheel energy storage

physical energy storage method, using the kinetic energy of a rotating body during rotation to store and release electric energy. Rotating bodies are usually coaxial flywheel rotor and motor generator rotor. When the motor is running, the motor generator accelerates the flywheel rotor and converts the input electric energy into kinetic energy for storage; when the motor generator is running, the motor generator decelerates the flywheel rotor and converts the kinetic energy into electric energy for output. The acceleration and deceleration of the motor generator are controlled by the converter



3.2

flywheel energy storage system

energy storage device for realizing bidirectional conversion of electric energy and kinetic energy collectively referring to the system devices consisting of flywheel energy storage unit, flywheel motor converter, power converter, auxiliary equipment and system controller. See Figure 1 for the schematic diagram of composition frame



Figure 1 Schematic diagram for flywheel energy storage system frame



3.3

flywheel energy storage unit

electromechanical structural components of flywheel energy storage system composed of flywheel rotor, motor generator, bearing, sealing shell, etc.



3.4

flywheel rotor

core energy storage element in flywheel energy storage unit, which is a rotating body composed of high strength metal or composite fiber material, resin matrix and permanent magnet materials



3.5

bearing

flywheel rotor supporting components, usually including mechanical bearings, permanent magnetic bearings, electromagnetic bearings, superconducting magnetic bearings and their combinations



3.6

flywheel converter

electronic power equipment that controls the speed of revolution and power of flywheel motor, and directly or indirectly realizes the bidirectional transmission of DC energy and flywheel motor energy (power supply or load)



3.7

power converter

electronic power equipment for realizing bidirectional energy transfer between DC bus and AC power grid (and/or load) of flywheel energy storage system



3.8

system controller

system controller is a combination of several electronic circuit devices, which is used to control the flywheel energy storage system and ensure the safe and reliable operation of the controlled equipment. Its main functions include: automatic control, protection, monitoring and measurement



3.9

auxiliary equipment

cooling device, vacuum device and monitoring and protecting device required to maintain the internal temperature and vacuum degree of flywheel energy storage unit



3.10

cooling device

in auxiliary equipment, device used for cooling heat-generating components in flywheel energy storage unit, includes cooling equipment and cooling circulation pipeline or air duct



3.11

vacuum device

in auxiliary equipment, components and their connecting pipelines that provide vacuum operating environment for flywheel energy storage unit



3.12

monitoring and protecting device

device for monitoring and protecting the running state of the flywheel energy storage system, and instruments and meters for monitoring the temperature, vacuum, vibration and pressure of the flywheel energy storage unit



3.13

hot standby state

state that the flywheel motor generator can receive the instruction of the system controller to charge and discharge at any time with the speed of revolution within the working speed range



3.14

charge (discharge) response time

time taken for the flywheel energy storage system in hot standby state to rise from zero power to charge/discharge rated power under normal working conditions



3.15

charge process

process that the flywheel energy storage system, as an electric load, absorbs energy from an external power supply, runs in the mode of motor and its speed gradually increases to convert electric energy into kinetic energy and stores it in flywheel energy storage unit



3.16

discharge process

process that the flywheel energy storage system, as a power source, runs as a generator with its speed of revolution dropping to release the stored kinetic energy in the form of electric energy, which is output to the power grid or load through the motor converter (and/or) energy storage converter, and the speed drops gradually



3.17

working speed range

range of speed of revolution between the maximum and minimum speeds of revolution



3.18

maximum speed of revolution

maximum rotating speed of flywheel motor when flywheel energy storage system runs safely



3.19

minimum speed of revolution

the minimum rotating speed required for flywheel rotor when the flywheel energy storage system discharges continuously according to the rated power



3.20

charging efficiency

ratio of the electric energy released by the flywheel energy storage system through motor converter from the maximum speed of revolution to the minimum speed of revolution in the discharge process to the electric energy absorbed by the flywheel energy storage system through motor converter from the minimum speed of revolution to the maximum speed of revolution in the charge process



3.21

discharging efficiency

ratio of DC energy output by flywheel motor converter to the reduction of flywheel stored kinetic energy in the discharge process of flywheel energy storage system from the maximum speed of revolution to the minimum speed of revolution



3.22

charge-discharge cycle efficiency

ratio of the electric energy released by flywheel energy storage system from the maximum speed of revolution to the minimum speed of revolution to the electric energy absorbed by flywheel energy storage system from the minimum speed of revolution to the maximum speed of revolution during charge and discharge processes



3.23

hot standby power consumption

power required when the flywheel energy storage system is in hot standby state (including flywheel converter, power converter and auxiliary equipment)



3.24

available energy storage

the difference between the kinetic energy stored by flywheel energy storage system at the maximum speed of revolution and that stored at the minimum speed of revolution



3.25

rated input/output power

maximum input/output power that can work continuously and stably in charge/discharge state



4 General requirements



4.1 Operating environment conditions



4.1.1 Altitude above sea level: ≤2,000m, if the altitude is greater than 2,000m, the system shall be derated.



4.1.2 Operating environment temperature: -10℃ ~ 40℃.



4.1.3 Daily average relative humidity: 0%~95%, no condensation.



4.1.4 Quality of flywheel energy storage system connected to power supply: harmonic voltage of flywheel energy storage system connected to point of common coupling shall meet the requirements of GB/T 14549, inter-harmonic voltage shall meet the requirements of GB/T 24337, voltage deviation shall meet the requirements of GB/T 12325, voltage fluctuation and flicker value shall meet the requirements of GB/T 12326, and voltage unbalance shall meet the requirements of GB/T 15543.



4.2 Model designation



The product model is recommended to be prepared according to the method specified in Figure 2. The manufacturer code shall be prepared by the manufacturer, and is not limited to the digits shown in the figure.

Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General requirements
4.1 Operating environment conditions
4.2 Model designation
5 Performance requirements
5.1 Efficiency requirements
5.2 Hot standby power consumption
5.3 Designed life requirements
5.4 Safety requirements
5.5 Noise
5.6 Vibration
5.7 Temperature rise
5.8 Tightness
5.9 Electrical performance
5.10 Protection grade
5.11 Protection and alarm function
5.12 Monitoring and protecting function
5.13 Electromagnetic compatibility
6 Test methods
6.1 General inspection
6.2 Calculation of available energy storage
6.3 Rated input/ output power test
6.4 Charge (discharge) response time test
6.5 Efficiency test
6.6 Noise test
6.7 Vibration evaluation
6.8 Temperature rise test
6.9 Electrical performance test
6.10 Protection grade test
6.11 Protection and alarm function test
6.12 Monitoring and protecting function test
6.13 Electromagnetic compatibility test

ICS 27.180
F 19
团体标准
T/CNESA 1202—2020
飞轮储能系统通用技术条件
General technical requirements for flywheel energy storage systems
2020-04-10发布 2020-04-10实施
中关村储能产业技术联盟 发布
前 言
本标准按照GB/T 1.1—2009给出的规则起草。
本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别这些专利的责任。
本标准由中关村储能产业技术联盟提出并归口。
本标准首次发布。
飞轮储能系统通用技术条件
1 范围
本标准规定了飞轮储能系统(单机)的一般要求、性能要求和试验方法。
本标准适用于适合飞轮储能应用场景的飞轮储能系统。
2 规范性引用文件
下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
GB/T 4208 外壳防护等级(IP代码)
GB/T 7251.1—2013 低压成套开关设备和控制设备 第1部分：总则
GB/T 12325 电能质量 供电电压偏差
GB/T 12326 电能质量 电压波动和闪变
GB/T 14549 电能质量 公用电网谐波
GB/T 15543 电能质量 三相电压不平衡
GB/T 17626.2—2018 电磁兼容 试验和测量技术 静电放电抗扰度试验
GB/T 17626.3—2016 电磁兼容 试验和测量技术 射频电磁场辐射抗扰度试验
GB/T 17626.4—2018 电磁兼容 试验和测量技术 电快速瞬变脉冲群抗扰度试验
GB/T 17626.5—2019 电磁兼容 试验和测量技术 浪涌(冲击)抗扰度试验
GB/T 17626.6—2017 电磁兼容 试验和测量技术 射频场感应的传导骚扰抗扰度
GB/T 17626.8—2006 电磁兼容 试验和测量技术 工频磁场抗扰度试验
GB17799.4—2012 电磁兼容通用标准 工业环境中的发射
GB/T 21413.1—2018 轨道交通 机车车辆电气设备 第1部分：一般使用条件和通用规则
GB/T 24337 电能质量 公共电网间谐波
GB/T 36548—2018 电化学储能系统接入电网测试规范
JB/T 5777.2 电力系统二次电路用控制及继电保护屏(柜、台)通用技术条件
ISO 14839-2：2004 机械振动 装配有主动磁性轴承的旋转机械装置的振动 第2部分：振动评价(Mechanical vibration—Vibration of rotating machinery equipped with active magnetic bearings—Part 2：Evaluation of vibration)
3 术语和定义
下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
3.1
飞轮储能 flywheel energy storage
一种物理储能方式，利用旋转体旋转时所具有的动能来存储和释放电能。旋转体通常为共轴的飞轮转子和电动发电机转子。电动发电机在电动机运行状态下，使飞轮转子升速，将输入电能转化为动能存储；电动发电机在发电机运行状态下，使飞轮转子降速，将动能转化为电能输出，电动发电机的升速和降速由变流器控制实现。
3.2
飞轮储能系统 flywheel energy storage system
实现电能与动能双向转化的储能装置，包括飞轮储能单元、飞轮电机变流器、储能变流器、辅助设备和系统控制器组成的系统装置统称，组成框架图见图1。

飞轮储能系统
系统控制器
飞轮储能单元
飞轮转子
电动发电机
轴承
密封壳体
飞轮电机变流器
DC母线
储能变流器
辅助设备
冷却装置
监控设备
真空装置
通信界面
交流输出
直流输出
显示界面
图1 飞轮储能系统框架示意图
3.3
飞轮储能单元 flywheel energy storage unit
由飞轮转子、电动发电机、轴承、密封壳体等构成的飞轮储能系统的机电结构组件。
3.4
飞轮转子 flywheel rotor
飞轮储能单元内部核心储能元件，是由高强度金属或复合纤维材料、树脂基体、永磁材料等组成的旋转体。
3.5
轴承 bearing
飞轮转子支承部件，通常有机械轴承、永磁轴承、电磁轴承、超导磁轴承及其组合。
3.6
飞轮电机变流器 flywheel converter
对飞轮电机运行进行转速及功率控制，直接或间接实现(电源或负载)直流电能和飞轮电机能量双向传递的功率电子电力设备。
3.7
储能变流器 power converter
实现飞轮储能系统直流母线与交流电网(和/或负荷)之间的双向能量传递的电子电力设备。
3.8
系统控制器 system controller
系统控制器是指由若干电子电路器件组合，用于实现对飞轮储能系统的控制，保障被控设备安全、可靠地运行，其主要功能有：自动控制、保护、监视和测量。
3.9
辅助设备 auxiliary equipment
为了维持飞轮储能单元内部温度及真空度要求所需的冷却装置、真空装置以及监控设备。
3.10
冷却装置 cooling device
辅助设备中，用于飞轮储能单元中发热部件冷却，包括冷却设备和冷却循环管路或风道。
3.11
真空装置 vacuum device
辅助设备中，为飞轮储能单元提供真空运行环境的组件及其连接管路。
3.12
监控设备 monitoring and protecting device
对飞轮储能系统运行状态进行监测和控制的装置，以及用于监测飞轮储能单元温度、真空、振动、压力等的仪器仪表。
3.13
热备状态 hot standby state
飞轮电动发电机转速处于工作转速区间，随时可接受系统控制器指令进行充放电操作的状态。
3.14
充(放)电响应时间 charge (discharge) response time
正常工作状态下，热备状态的飞轮储能系统从零功率上升至充/放电额定功率所用的时间。
3.15
充电过程 charge process
飞轮储能系统作为电力负荷，从外接电源吸收能量，以电动机方式运行且转速逐渐升高，将电能转化为动能储存在飞轮储能单元内的过程。
3.16
放电过程 discharge process
飞轮储能系统作为电源以发电机方式运行且转速下降，将存储的动能以电能的方式释放出来，通过电机变流器(和/或)储能变流器输出到电网或负载且转速逐渐下降的过程。
3.17
工作转速区间 working speed range
最高工作转速和最低工作转速之间的转速区间。
3.18
最高工作转速 maximum speed of revolution
飞轮储能系统安全运行时飞轮电机的所能达到的最高转速值。
3.19
最低工作转速 minimum speed of revolution
飞轮储能系统按照额定功率持续放电，飞轮转子所需要的最低转速值。
3.20
充电效率 charging efficiency
飞轮储能系统在放电过程中由最高工作转速运行至最低工作转速通过电机变流器所释放出的电能与在充电过程中由最低工作转速运行至最高工作转速通过电机变流器所吸收的电能的比值。
3.21
放电效率 discharging efficiency
飞轮储能系统从最高工作转速放电至最低工作转速的放电过程中，飞轮电机变流器输出的直流电能与飞轮存储动能减少量的比值。
3.22
充放电循环效率 charge-discharge cycle efficiency
飞轮储能系统在充放电过程中由最高工作转速运行至最低工作转速所释放出的电能与由最低工作转速运行至最高工作转速所吸收的电能的比值。
3.23
热备待机功耗 hot standby power consumption
飞轮储能系统处于热备状态时所需功率(包括飞轮电机变流、储能变流器和辅助设备)。
3.24
可用储能量 available energy storage
飞轮储能系统在最高工作转速储存的动能与最低工作转速时储存的动能差值。
3.25
额定输入/输出功率 rated input/output power
充/放电状态下可以持续稳定工作的最大输入/输出功率。
4 一般要求
4.1 使用环境条件
4.1.1 海拔高度：≤2000m，超过降额使用。
4.1.2 运行环境温度：-10℃~40℃。
4.1.3 日平均相对湿度：0%~95%，无凝露。
4.1.4 飞轮储能系统接入供电电源品质：飞轮储能系统接入公共连接点的谐波电压应满足GB/T 14549的要求，间谐波电压应满足GB/T 24337的要求，电压偏差应满足GB/T 12325的要求，电压波动和闪变值应满足GB/T 12326的要求，电压不平衡度应满足GB/T 15543的要求。
4.2 型号命名
产品的型号推荐按图2的方式进行编制。厂家代号由厂家自行编制，不限于图示位数。

变形产品标号，如A、B
可用储能量，单位：kW·h
额定输出功率，单位：kW
飞轮代号
厂家代号
图2 飞轮储能系统型号编制方式
5 性能要求
5.1 效率要求
飞轮储能系统充放电循环效率应不低于80%。
5.2 热备待机功耗
飞轮储能系统热备待机功耗应不超过额定输出功率的5%。
5.3 设计寿命要求
飞轮储能单元设计寿命应不低于20年或10万次充放电次数。
5.4 安全要求
5.4.1 机械危险防护
飞轮储能系统应具备机械危险防护措施，即使转子失稳也不能对外界产生破坏性影响。同时，应具备紧急停机功能。
5.4.2 电击危险防护
飞轮储能系统应采用绝缘保护措施，防止电击危险。
5.5 噪声
在距离设备水平位置1m 处，飞轮储能系统满载运行时的噪声应不大于85dB。
5.6 振动
飞轮为主动磁轴承的旋转机械，应满足ISO 14839-2：2004对装置振动的评估。
5.7 温升
飞轮储能系统应满足GB/T 21413.1—2018中9.2.2的要求。
5.8 密封性
飞轮储能单元应具备密封性。
5.9 电气性能
5.9.1 绝缘电阻
飞轮控制柜内直流汇流排和电压小母线，绝缘电阻应符合以下规定：
a) 各独立电路与地(即金属框架)之间的绝缘电阻不小于10MΩ；
b) 无电气联系的各电路之间的绝缘电阻不小于10MΩ。
5.9.2 工频耐压
柜内各带电回路，按其工作电压应能承受表1规定历时1min的工频耐压的试验，试验过程中应无绝缘击穿和闪络现象。
表1 工频耐受电压等级
额定绝缘电压Ui
额定工作电压交流均方根或直流
V 工频电压
kV
Ui≤60 1.0
60