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Space environment test methods for satellite components - Magnetic test
1 Scope
1.1 Subject content
This standard specifies the test purpose, technical requirements, test procedures and data processing methods for magnetic test of satellite components.
1.2 Application scope
This standard is applicable to the magnetic test of satellite components (hereinafter referred to as test pieces), and may be referred to by other spacecraft components.
1.3 Classification
The test methods in this standard are classified as follows:
a. magnetic moment measurement;
b. magnetic field measurement;
c. demagnetizing test.
2 Normative references
GJB 1027 Environmental test requirements for satellites
QJ 1169 Rules for drafting research and development documents
3 Definitions
3.1 remanent magnetic moment
magnetic moment existing when the test piece is not working
3.2 working magnetic moment
magnetic moment existing when the test piece is working
3.3 main coil
device that can offset the geomagnetic field in the center of the coil by adjusting the current to present a zero magnetic field or a stationary magnetic field
3.4 magnetic field inhomogeneity
absolute value of the difference between the maximum or minimum magnetic field intensity and the central magnetic field intensity in a specified space, whichever is greater
3.5 homogeneous space
space where the magnetic field inhomogeneity is less than the required value in the center of main coil
3.6 magnetic field instability
change value of the magnetic field within the specified time
3.7 magnetizing and demagnetizing coils
device that can generate the required magnetizing field or demagnetizing field by adjusting the current in the coil
4 General requirements
4.1 Test environmental conditions
4.1.1 Laboratory environmental conditions
Unless otherwise specified, the laboratory environmental conditions are generally as follows:
a. meeting the requirements of GJB 1027, 4.1;
b. cleanliness: Class 100,000.
4.1.2 Environmental magnetic field conditions
a. there is no magnetic storm or strong industrial magnetic field interference, and the influence of external magnetic field interference on the magnetic induction intensity in the center of the main coil is less than 2nT;
b. there shall be no magnetic substance with magnetic induction intensity above 2nT in the center of the main coil near the test site.
4.2 Test sequence
The magnetic test is generally carried out in the following sequence:
a. initial magnetic moment (or magnetic field) measurement;
b. magnetizing test;
c. magnetic moment (or magnetic field) measurement after magnetizing;
d. demagnetizing test;
e. magnetic moment (or magnetic field) measurement after demagnetizing.
4.3 Test piece and its installation requirements
4.3.1 The overall size of the test piece shall not exceed the homogeneous space of the main coil, and the maximum allowable size shall be 0.5m×0.5m×0.5m.
4.3.2 The mass of the test piece shall not exceed the bearing capacity of the turntable, generally not more than 50kg.
4.3.3 The surface of the test piece shall be clean and be free from ferromagnetic substances adhering to it.
4.3.4 When the test piece is installed, its geometric center shall coincide with the intersection of the two rotation axes of the turntable.
4.3.5 The control and test equipment for test piece shall be more than 10m away from the center of the main coil. The length of power supply cable and measuring cable shall meet the measurement requirements.
4.4 Requirements for test equipment
The test equipment generally include main coil, demagnetizing coil, turntable, etc.
4.4.1 Main coil
a. Zero magnetic field: the magnetic induction intensity is less than ±10nT, the size of homogeneous space is generally not less than 0.5m×0.5m×0.5m, the inhomogeneity is better than ±10nT, and the instability is better than ±1.5nT/h;
b. Stationary magnetic field: the magnetic induction intensity is within 0~60,000nT, and its size of homogeneous space, inhomogeneity and instability are the same as those of zero magnetic field;
c. Size of access channel is generally not less than 0.5m×0.5m;
d. The magnetic field in the center of the main coil is generally tracked and compensated by the compensation system for the interference of the external magnetic field.
4.4.2 Turntable
a. The turntable shall be able to rotate 0°~360° around the vertical axis and 0°~±180° around the horizontal direction continuously, with angle indication;
b. The intersection of the two axes of the turntable shall coincide with the center of the main coil;
c. The size and bearing capacity of the turntable shall meet the test piece requirements.
4.4.3 Magnetizing and demagnetizing coils
a. They can generate 5mT magnetizing/demagnetizing fields;
b. The demagnetizing frequency is generally less than 3Hz;
c. The magnetizing and demagnetizing coils are generally placed in the center of the main coil, and their centers shall coincide with the center of the main coil.
4.4.4 Measuring bracket
The measuring bracket is used to install magnetometer probes (probes for short). Generally, it shall be able to install more than three probes, and it has a height-adjustable guide rail for adjusting the position of the probe.
4.4.5 Equipment structure materials
The structures of main coil, magnetizing and demagnetizing coils, turntable and measuring bracket are made of materials with magnetic susceptibility less than 5×10-6.
卫星组件空间环境试验方法 磁试验 Space environment test methods for satellite components Magnetic test
1996-03-20发布 1996-10-01实施 中国航天工业总公司 发布
卫星组件空间环境试验方法 磁试验 1 范围 1.1 主题内容 本标准规定了卫星组件磁试验的目的、技术要求、试验程序及数据处理方法。 1.2 适用范围 本标准适用于卫星组件(以下简称试件)的磁试验,其他航天器组件亦可参照使用。 1.3 分类 本标准规定的试验方法分为: a. 磁矩测量; b. 磁场测量; c. 退磁试验。 2 引用文件 GJB 1027 卫星环境试验要求 QJ 1169 研究试验文件的编写规定 3 定义 3.1 剩磁矩 remanent magnetic moment 试件不工作时存在的磁矩。 3.2 工作磁矩 working magnetic moment 试件工作时产生的磁矩。 3.3 主线圈 main coil 调节电流,能在其中央抵消地磁场呈现零磁场或恒定磁场的装置。 3.4 磁场不均匀性 magnetic field inhomogeneity 在规定的区域内,最大或最小磁场强度和中心磁场强度之差的绝对值,取其大者。 3.5 均匀区 homogeneous space 在主线圈中央,磁场不均匀性小于要求值的空间。 3.6 磁场不稳定性 magnetic field instability 在规定时间内磁场的变化值。 3.7 充、退磁线圈 magnetizing and demagnetizing coil 通过调节线圈中的电流可产生要求的充磁场和退磁场的装置。 4 一般要求 4.1 试验环境条件 4.1.1 试验室环境条件 除另有规定外,试验室环境条件一般为: a. 按GJB 1027中4.1条的规定; b. 洁净度100000级。 4.1.2 环境磁场条件 a. 无磁暴和强的工业磁场干扰,外磁场干扰对主线圈中心磁感应强度的影响小于2nT; b. 在试验场地附近,不得有在主线圈中心产生2nT以上磁感应强度的磁性物质。 4.2 试验顺序 磁试验一般按如下顺序进行: a. 初始磁矩(或磁场)测量; b. 充磁试验; c. 充磁后磁矩(或磁场)测量; d. 退磁试验; e. 退磁后磁矩(或磁场)测量。 4.3 试件及其安装要求 4.3.1 试件外形尺寸不超过主线圈的均匀区范围,允许最大尺寸为0.5m×0.5m×0.5m。 4.3.2 试件质量不超过转台的承载能力,一般不大于50kg。 4.3.3 试件表面清洁,严防有铁磁物质粘附在表面上。 4.3.4 试件安装时,其几何中心应与转台两个转动轴的交点重合。 4.3.5 试件用的控制检测设备距离主线圈中心一般应大于10m。供电及测量线长度应满足测量要求。 4.4 试验设备要求 试验设备一般由主线圈、退磁线圈和转台等组成。 4.4.1 主线圈 a. 零磁场:磁感应强度小于±10nT,一般均匀区尺寸不小于0.5m×0.5m×0.5m,不均匀性优于±10nT,不稳定性优于±1.5nT/h; b. 恒定磁场:磁感应强度在0~60,000nT范围内,其均匀区尺寸、不均匀性和不稳定性同零磁场; c. 进出通道尺寸一般不小于0.5m×0.5m; d. 主线圈中央的磁场,一般由补偿系统跟踪补偿外界磁场的干扰。 4.4.2 转台 a. 转台能绕垂直轴转动0°~360°,绕水平转动0°~±180°,转动连续,且有角度指示; b. 转台两轴的交点与主线圈中心重合; c. 转台的尺寸和承载能力应满足试件要求。 4.4.3 充、退磁线圈 a. 能产生5mT的充磁场和退磁场; b. 退磁频率一般小于3Hz; c. 充、退磁线圈一般置于主线圈中央,中心应与主线圈中心重合。 4.4.4 测量支架 测量支架用于安装磁强计探头(简称探头),一般应能安装3台以上探头,其具有高度可调的导轨,用来调整探头的位置。 4.4.5 设备结构材料 主线圈,充、退磁线圈,转台和测量支架的结构采用磁化率小于5×10-6的材料制造。 4.5 测量仪器和设备 4.5.1 单分量磁强计; a. 测量范围 ±100,000nT; b. 准确度 A1×0.02%±1nT,(A1为读数,以下同); c. 分辨力 ±1nT。 4.5.2 三分量磁强计: a. 测量范围 ±100,000nT; b. 准确度 A1×0.02%±1nT; c. 分辨力 ±1nT。 4.5.3 特斯拉计: a. 测量范围 ±10mT; b. 准确度 A1×0.1%±0.05mT; c. 分辨力 ±0.05mT。 4.5.4 七位数字电压表、记录仪和计算机。 4.6 其它要求 a. 正常使用的设备每三年应进行一次检测; b. 设备主要部件维修后,应在使用前进行检测; c. 试验用仪器应具有二级以上计量部门的检定合格证书,并在有效期内使用。 4.7 试验中断处理 4.7.1 当试验设备、测量仪器或试件出现故障时,应中断试验。 4.7.2 由试验设备或测量仪器引起的试验中断,在故障排除后继续试验前,应按本标准的有关规定调试试验设备和测量仪器,重新进行试验。 4.7.3 由试件出现故障引起的中断,在故障排除后重新进行试验。 4.8 试验文件 4.8.1 试验记录 试验记录应包括以下内容: a. 试验任务代号、试件名称和工作状态; b. 试验时间和地点、记录人; c. 使用的试验设备和测量仪器; d. 测量参数。 4.8.2 试验报告 试验报告按QJ 1169中4.9条的规定编写。 5 详细要求 本标准规定的试验方法包括以下3种: a. 方法101 磁矩测量; b. 方法102 磁场测量; c. 方法103 退磁试验。 方法101 磁矩测量 1 目的 测量试件的剩磁矩和工作磁矩,评价是否符合设计要求。 2 测量参数 测量参数为剩磁矩和工作磁矩。 3 测量仪器和设备 测量仪器和设备如下: a. 单分量磁强计; b. 三分量磁强计; c. 记录仪、数字电压表和计算机。 4 测量方法分类 4.1 偶极子法 将试件近似看作磁偶极子。此法简单,适用于准确度要求不高的卫星组件的磁矩测量。 4.2 球面作图法 在一定距离处测量包围试件球面上的磁场,反演试件磁矩。此方法准确度高,适用于可倒置的卫星组件的磁矩测量。 4.3 赤道作图法 在一定距离处测量包围试件赤道平面上的磁场,反演试件磁矩。此方法准确度高,操作简便,适用于不可倒置的卫星组件的磁矩测量。 5 试验程序 5.1 试验准备 5.1.1 设备调试 按有关试验要求和设备操作规程调试设备,获得试验需要的零磁场或恒定磁场。 5.1.2 试件检查和安装 按本标准一般要求中4.3条有关规定检查试件并进行安装。 5.1.3 仪器安装及调整 5.1.3.1 磁强计的探头,一般安放在试件的东侧,根据采用的测量方法,按下列要求将探头固定在测量支架上。 5.1.3.1.1 偶极子法: 一台三分量探头设置于试件可偶极化的适当位置处,一般是试件磁场为几十纳特斯拉到几百纳特斯拉位置处。 偶极子法探头布置示意图见图1。 5.1.3.1.2 球面作图法: 一台单分量探头置于试件的最大磁场接近10,000nT位置处。 球面作图法探头布置示意图见图2。