标准编号:	QC/T 740-2017
中文名称:	乘用车座椅总成
英文名称:	Seat assembly of passenger car
行业分类:	QC    汽车行业标准
发布机构:	中华人民共和国工业和信息化部
发布日期:	2017-04-12
实施日期:	2017-10-1
标准状态:	现行
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	22000 字
翻译价格(元):	460.00 元
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.



This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in G/T 1.1-2009 Directives for standardization—Part 1: Structure and drafting of standards.



This standard replaces QC/T 740-2005 Seat assembly of passenger car and the following technical changes have been made with respect to QC/T 740-2005:



—— Application scope is changed (see Clause 1);



——Waveform for sled test in frontal crash is changed (see 5.1);



——Waveform for sled test in rear crash is changed (see 5.2);



——The load F5 left and F5 right for the static stiffness test of the front seat frame assembly and the corresponding inspection are added (see 4.3.1 and 5.4);



——Requirements for cushion width and depth are added (see 4.2.1);



——Requirements for neck protection in low-speed rear-end impact (whiplash test) are added (see 4.2.8);



——Requirements for prohibited substances are added (see 4.2.11);



——Requirements for seat forward tilt and height adjustment function are added (see 4.3.8);



——Requirements for seat forward tilt and height adjustment fatigue are added (see 4.3.9);



——Strength and fatigue requirements of seat locks are added (see 4.3.16);



——Requirements for lumbar support adjustment function are added (see 4.3.17);



——Requirement for lumbar support adjustment fatigue are added (see 4.3.18);



——Requirements for map pocket function are added (see 4.3.19);



——Requirements for map pocket fatigue are added (see 4.3.20);



——Ventilation function requirements are added (see 4.3.25);



——Definitions of adjustment system, folding seat, side-facing seats, rearward-facing seats, seat trim cover assy, seat covering and map pocket are added (see 3.5~3.11);



——General requirements for seat covering are added (see 4.1.5);



——General requirements for height-adjustable seats are added (see 4.1.6);



——General requirements for exposed plastic parts of seats are added (see 4.1.7);



——General requirements for height-adjustable head restraint are added (see 4.1.8);



——VOC (volatile organic compounds) test requirements for seat assembly components are added (see 4.1.13);



——The performance requirements for seat fabric are deleted;



——The emission performance test of nonmetallic materials is deleted.



This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee of Auto Standardization (SAC/TC 114).



This standard is not concerned with patent.



The previous edition of this standard is as follows:



——QC/T 740-2005.





Seat assembly of passenger car



1 Scope



This standard specifies the terms and definitions, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules as well as marking, packaging, transportation and storage for seat assembly of passenger car.



This standard applies to seat assembly of M1 vehicles.



This standard is not applicable to folding seats, side-facing seats and rearward-facing seats.



2 Normative references



The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.



GB 7258 Technical specifications for safety of power-driven vehicles operating on roads

GB 8410 Flammability of automotive interior materials

GB 11550 Motor vehicles—Seats head restraints performance requirements and test methods

GB 11551 The protection of the occupants in the event of a frontal collision for motor vehicle

GB 11552 The interior fittings of passenger car

GB 14167 Safety-belt anchorages, ISOFIX anchorages systems and ISOFIX top tether anchorages for vehicles

GB 15083 Strength requirement and test of automobile seats, their anchorages and any head restraints

GB/T 15089 Classification of power-driven vehicles and trailers

GB/T 29120 Procedure for H-point and R-point determination

GB/T 30512 Requirements for prohibited substances on automobiles

QC/T 55 Dynamic comfort test method for automobile seat

QC/T 805 Passenger car—Technique specification of slide for seat

QC/T 831 Technical specification of power slide for passenger car seat

QC/T 844 Technical specification of recliner for passenger car seats

QC/T 845 Passenger car—Technique specification of lock for seat

QC/T 950 Performance requirement and test of heating car cushion

ISO 17373:2005 Road vehicles—Sled test procedure for evaluating occupant head and neck interactions with seat/head restraint designs in low-speed rear-end impact



3 Terms and definitions



For the purpose of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply.



3.1

seat

a facility which may or may not be integral with the vehicle structure complete with trim cover, intended to seat one adult person. The term covers both an individual seat and part of a bench seat.



3.2

front passenger seat

a seat that the "foremost H-point" is located on or in front of the cross section passing through the driver's R point.



3.3

front seat cushion

component in the front seat that supports the buttocks of the occupant.



3.4

front seat back

component in the front seat that supports the back of the occupant.



3.5

adjustment system

the system by which the seat or its components can be adjusted to fit for the occupant. It may include (but not limited to) the following functions: longitudinal displacement; vertical displacement; angular displacement.



3.6

folding seat

the spare seat that is designed for adult occupants to use occasionally and is easy to operate and self-locked when in use. Normally, it is in a folded state.



3.7

side-facing seat

the seat for use in the operation of the vehicle, arranged facing the side of the vehicle so that the angle formed by the symmetrical vertical plane of the seat and the symmetrical vertical plane of the vehicle is 90°±10°.



3.8

rearward-facing seat

the seat for use in the operation of the vehicle, arranged facing the rear of the vehicle so that the angle formed by the symmetrical vertical plane of the seat and the symmetrical vertical plane of the vehicle is 0°±10°.



3.9

seat trim cover assy

the outermost layer of the seat made of fabric, leather and other materials for the purpose of protection and decoration.



3.10

seat covering

the outer surface of the seat cover.



3.11

map pocket/insert

pockets arranged on the back or side of the seat for inserting books, newspapers and other sundries.



4 Technical requirements



4.1 General



4.1.1 The seats shall meet the requirements of this standard, and be fabricated according to the drawings and technical documents approved through established procedures.



4.1.2 If the surfaces of seats and head restraint are covered with materials with Shore (A) hardness lower than 50, the rigid parts shall meet the requirements of GB 11552 or GB 15083.



4.1.3 All trim covers shall meet the sewing and appearance requirements of their corresponding drawings and technical documents.



4.1.4 Seat trim covers shall be free from pollution, damage, cracking and suture cracking.



4.1.5 The seat covering shall be free of unacceptable wrinkles, bulges, curved stitches, scraggy feeling and other defects agreed by both parties.



4.1.6 When the seats of height-adjustable seats is adjusted to the forward and upward limit position, there shall be no visible gap between the lower end of the seat back and the rear of the seat cushion recognized by both parties.



4.1.7 All exposed plastic parts of seats shall meet the appearance requirements of their corresponding drawings and technical documents.



4.1.8 When the height-adjustable head restraint is locked at any position, it shall conform to the technical requirements of the drawings and technical documents for the distance difference from its left and right lower end respectively to the upper surface of the seat back.



4.1.9 The H-point measurement of the seat shall be carried out according to GB/T 29120, with the measurement error controlled within ±15 mm and the torso angle error within ±3°.



4.1.10 Installation torque shall meet the requirements of design drawings and technical documents.



4.1.11 The dimension of the seat installation position shall comply with the design requirements and shall be tested by inspection tools.



4.1.12 Each adjustment system and shifting system shall be equipped with locking system capable of self-latching at any use position.



4.1.13 VOC (volatile organic compounds) requirements and test methods of seat assembly components shall conform to the requirements of drawings and technical documents.



4.2 Safety requirements



4.2.1 Cushion width and depth



The cushion width and depth shall meet the requirements of GB 7258.



4.2.2 Flammability



The flammability shall meet the requirements of GB 8410.



4.2.3 Performance of seat head restraint



The performance of the seat head restraint shall meet the requirements of GB 11550.



4.2.4 Safety-belt anchorages, ISOFIX anchorages systems and top tether anchorages



Safety-belt anchorages, ISOFIX anchorages systems and ISOFIX top tether anchorages shall meet the requirements of GB 14167.



4.2.5 Strength of seat system



The strength of the seat system shall meet the requirements of GB 15083.



4.2.6 Frontal crash



During and after the sled acceleration or deceleration test, the dummy can be completely restrained by the safety belt assembly, and the anchorage between the seat and the floor shall not be completely separated; the seat parts shall not be loosed or fractured, and the locking system shall not fail; permanent deformation that does not increase the degree of injury is allowed during the crash but the sharp edges and corners that cause additional injury to passengers in the vehicle shall not be produced; the displacement device that allows or helps passengers to pass through shall be in working state, and can be unlocked at least once, and the seat or part of the seat can be moved as required; the head restraint remains in the original locking position. See 5.1 for the test methods.



4.2.7 Rear crash



During and after the sled acceleration or deceleration test, the dummy can be completely restrained by the safety belt assembly, and the anchorage between the seat and the floor shall not be completely separated. Seat parts shall not be loose or fractured. The seat back can be tilted, and the maximum tilting angle of the seat back shall meet the requirements of drawings and technical documents. The seat locking system shall not be released and shall be well functional; permanent deformation that does not increase the degree of injury during the crash is allowed but sharp edges and corners that cause additional injury to passengers in the vehicle are not allowed; the displacement device that allows or helps passengers to pass through shall be in working state, and can be unlocked at least once, and the seat or part of the seat can be moved as required; the locking system of seat back still needs to keep its function; the seat back remains in the original locking position. See 5.2 for the test methods.



4.2.8 Neck protection in low-speed rear-end impact (whiplash test)



For neck protection in low-speed rear-end impact (whiplash test), see ISO 17373: 2005, and the evaluation standard shall conform to the requirements of relevant drawings and technical documents.



4.2.9 Side airbag system and its attached seat trim cover



The initiation of the side airbag shall not cause deformation or fracture of the frame, and other parts of the seat shall not affect the normal unfolding of the side airbag and shall not cause occupant injury. After the test, the seat assembly or the back cover is only allowed to explode at the specified position. During the test, the specific requirements of the cover, foam, splash, airbag module and seat back accessories shall conform to the provisions of the drawings and technical documents, and the unfolding time related to the airbag shall conform to the provisions of the drawings and technical documents. See 5.3 for the test methods.



4.2.10 Heating car cushion



The heating car cushion shall meet the requirements of QC/T 950.



4.2.11 Prohibited substances



Prohibited substances shall meet the requirements of GB/T 30512.



4.3 Strength, durability and functional requirements



4.3.1 Static stiffness of front seat frame assembly



Static stiffness test is to verify the stiffness of the front seat frame. Under the action of 500 N, the elastic deformation of the front seat frame shall not be greater than the target value. The measured value at S point shall be less than the maximum value listed in Table l. See 5.4 for the test methods.



Table 1 Stiffness requirements of front seat frame

Loading force F1 or F2

500 N F3

500 N F4 left

500 N F4 right

500 N F5 left

500 N F5 right

500 N F6 left

500 N F6 right

500 N

Measured value S1+S2 S3 S4 left S4 right S5 left S5 right S6 left

S6 right S6 left

S6 right

Maximum displacement

mm 4 1.5 3 3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5



4.3.2 Bumping and creeping



After the test, the sample shall have no abnormal conditions, without crack in seat frame, tearing in foam, or damage in the covering and cushion, and the maximum change of H-point is within the design requirements. See 5.5 for the test methods.



4.3.3 Dummy seating in and out



Test wear resistance of the covered seat by the dummy seating in and out; test the whole seat by dummy seating in and out 15,000 times. After the test, the seat covering shall not be broken, lumped, loose or exposed or damaged, and the stitches shall not be broken. See 5.6 for the test methods.



4.3.4 High and low temperature resistance of seats



The high and low temperature resistance of the seat shall meet the requirements of relevant drawings and technical documents.



4.3.5 Downward strength of front seat cushion



After the test, the front seat cushion frame and the fixed bracket of cushion frame shall not be cracked, the height adjustment system and the longitudinal locking system shall not be cracked and the longitudinal locking mechanism shall be functional and adjustable. See 5.7 for the test methods.



4.3.6 Longitudinal adjustment of seats



The seat longitudinal adjustment function shall meet the requirements of QC/T 805 (manual adjustment) and QC/T 831 (electric adjustment).



4.3.7 Fatigue of seat longitudinal adjustment



Fatigue of seat longitudinal adjustment shall meet the requirements of QC/T 805 (manual adjustment) and QC/T 831 (electric adjustment).



4.3.8 Forward tilt and height adjustment of seats



In the full stroke, the operating force of the height adjustment handle shall be less than 75 N in the upward and downward directions; the operating torque of the hand wheel height adjustment and cushion forward tilt adjustment mechanism shall be less than 3N·m. See 5.8 for the test methods.



4.3.9 Seat forward tilt and height adjustment fatigue



After the test, the forward tilt and height adjustment system functions shall be normal and automatic adjustment is not allowed and meet the requirements of seat forward tilt and height adjustment function test; there is no abnormal sound during the test. See 5.9 for the test methods.



4.3.10 Seat back frame assembly clearance



The seat back shall be gapless before and after continuous loading. When the loading force reaches 25 N, the gap of the seat back shall not exceed 3.5 mm. When the loading force reaches 147 N, the maximum clearance at the loading point shall not exceed 15 mm. See 5.10 for the test methods.



4.3.11 Stiffness of seat back frame assembly



The measured plastic deformation after unloading shall not exceed 10 mm. See 5.11 for the test methods.



4.3.12 Strength of seat back frame assembly



When the seat back reaches the target load 2, the back frame and angle adjuster shall not be damaged. The force-displacement curve obtained after the test shall conform to the requirements of drawings and technical documents. Before reaching the target load 2, the actual load value shall be greater than the target value. See 5.12 for the test methods.



4.3.13 Durability of seat back frame assembly



There is no abnormal sound during cyclic loading. After the test, the seat back adjustment and locking function normally; no parts are damaged. See 5.13 for the test methods.



4.3.14 Seat back adjustment function



The seat back adjustment function shall meet the requirements of QC/T 844.



4.3.15 Seat back adjustment fatigue



Seat back adjustment fatigue shall meet the requirements of QC/T 844.



4.3.16 Strength and fatigue of seat lock



The strength and fatigue of the seat lock shall meet the requirements of QC/T 845.



4.3.17 Lumbar support adjustment function



During the adjustment, smooth and uniform adjustment torque is ensured without fluctuation; abnormal noise is not allowed, and the maximum torque for manual adjustment is 3.5 N·m. See 5.14 for the test methods.



4.3.18 Lumbar support adjustment fatigue



After the test, the lumbar support adjustment functions normally and meets the requirements of 4.3.17. See 5.15 for the test methods.



4.3.19 Map pocket function



After the test, the map pocket shall not be damaged or the stitches not broken. The cover or buckle used to fix the map pocket shall not fall off. Other performance requirements of map pockets shall conform to the requirements of drawings and technical documents. See 5.16 for the test methods.

Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Technical requirements
5 Test methods
6 Inspection rules
7 Marking, packaging, transportation and storage

乘用车座椅总成
1 范围
本标准规定了乘用车座椅总成的术语和定义、技术要求、试验方法、检验规则及标志、包装、运输和贮存。
本标准适用于M1类车辆的座椅总成。
本标准不适用于折叠座椅、侧向座椅、后向座椅。
2规范性引用文件
下列文件对于本标准的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本标准。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本标准。
GB 7258机动车运行安全技术条件
GB 8410汽车内饰材料的燃烧特性
GB 11550汽车座椅头枕强度要求和试验方法
GB 11551汽车正面碰撞的乘员保护
GB 11552乘用车内部凸出物
GB 14167 汽车安全带安装固定点、ISOFIX固定点系统及上拉带固定点
GB 15083汽车座椅、座椅固定装置及头枕强度要求和试验方法
GB/T 15089 机动车辆及挂车分类
GB/T 29120 H点和R点确定程序
GB/T 30512 汽车禁用物质要求
QC/T 55 汽车座椅动态舒适性试验方法
QC/T 805乘用车座椅用滑轨技术条件
QC/T 831乘用车座椅用电动滑轨技术条件
QC/T 844乘用车座椅用调角器技术条件
QC/T 845 乘用车座椅用锁技术条件
QC/T 950 汽车座椅加热垫技术要求和试验方法
ISO 17373：2005 道路车辆 低速后碰情况下评估乘员头颈部与座椅/头枕设计的相互关系的滑车碰撞试验程序
3术语和定义
下列术语和定义适用于本标准。
3.1
座椅seat
供一个成年乘员乘坐且有完整面套并与车辆结构为一体或分体的乘坐设施。它包括单独的座椅或长条座椅的一个座位。
3.2
前排乘员座椅front passenger seat
“最前H点”位于过驾驶员R点的横截面上或在此横截面前方的座椅。
3.3
前排座椅座垫front seat cushion
在前排座椅中，支撑乘员臀部的部件。
3.4
前排座椅靠背front seat back
在前排座椅中，支撑乘员背部的部件。
3.5
调节装置adjustment system
能将座椅或其部件的位置调整到适应乘员乘坐姿态的装置。该装置可以有(但不限于)如下功能：纵向位移；垂直位移；角位移。
3.6
折叠座椅folding seat
设计供成年乘员偶尔使用且易于操作，在使用时能够自锁的备用座椅。通常情况下，其处于折叠状态。
3.7
侧向座椅 side-facing seat
车辆运行中使用的座椅，其面向车辆侧方布置，座椅的对称垂直面与车辆对称垂直面形成的角度为90°±10°。
3.8
后向座椅 rearward-facing seat
车辆运行中使用的座椅，其面向车辆后方布置，座椅的对称垂直面与车辆对称垂直面形成的角度为0°±10°。
3.9
座椅面套总成seat trim cover assy
以织物、皮革等材料制作的座椅最外层起保护、装饰作用的座椅覆盖物。
3.10
座椅护面seat covering
座椅面套的外表面。
3.11
地图袋 map pocket/insert
在座椅后背或侧面上设置的可插书籍、报刊等杂物的口袋。
4技术要求
4.1 一般要求
4.1.1 座椅应符合本标准的要求，并按经规定程序批准的产品图样和技术文件制造。
4.1.2如果座椅、头枕表面覆盖有邵尔(A)硬度低于50的材料，则其刚性部件应符合GB 11552或GB 15083的要求。
4.1.3所有面套应符合其对应图样和技术文件的缝制及外观要求。
4.1.4座椅面套应无污染、破损、开裂及缝线的开裂等缺陷。
4.1.5座椅护面应无供需双方约定的不能接受的褶皱，鼓起，缝线弯曲，凸凹不平感等缺陷。
4.1.6对于高度可调整的座椅，座垫调整至前倾向上极限位置时，座椅靠背下端与座垫后部之间应无供需双方认定的可见缝隙。
4.1.7所有座椅外露塑料件应符合其对应图样和技术文件的外观要求。
4.1.8对于高度可以调整的头枕，在头枕任意锁止位置，头枕左、右下端分别与座椅靠背上表面之间距离的差值应符合图样和技术文件的技术要求。
4.1.9座椅H点的测量按GB/T 29120，H点测量误差为±15 mm，躯干角度误差为±3°。
4.1.10安装扭矩应符合设计图样和技术文件的要求。
4.1.11 座椅安装位置尺寸应符合设计要求，采用检具检测。
4.1.12每个调节装置和移位装置都应具有自锁的锁止装置，保证在任何使用位置能够自锁。
4.1.13座椅总成零部件的VOC(可挥发性有机物)要求和试验方法应符合图样和技术文件的要求。
4.2安全要求
4.2.1座垫宽度和座垫深度。
座垫宽度和座垫深度应符合GB 7258的要求。
4.2.2燃烧特性。
燃烧特性应符合GB 8410的要求。
4.2.3座椅头枕的性能。
座椅头枕的性能应符合GB 11550的要求。
4.2.4安全带安装固定点、ISOFIX固定点系统及上拉带固定点。
安全带安装固定点、ISOFIX固定点系统及上拉带固定点应符合GB 14167的要求。
4.2.5座椅系统强度。
座椅系统强度应符合GB 15083的要求。
4.2.6正面碰撞。
在滑车加速或减速试验过程中和试验后，假人能够被安全带总成完好约束，座椅和地板之间的固定装置不允许完全分离；座椅零件不允许发生松脱或断裂，锁止装置不允许失效；允许在碰撞过程中产生不会增加伤害程度的永久变形，不允许产生对车内乘员造成额外伤害的尖锐棱角；允许或有助于乘员通过的移位装置应处于工作状态，且至少能保证解锁一次，并可按需要移动座椅或座椅的一部分；头枕保持在原锁止位置。试验方法见5.1。
4.2.7后面碰撞。
在滑车加速或减速试验过程中和试验后，假人能够被安全带总成完好约束，座椅和地板之间的固定装置不允许完全分离。座椅零件不允许发生松脱或断裂。靠背可倾斜，靠背最大倾斜角度应符合图样和技术文件要求。座椅锁止装置不允许松开，且应保持其功能完好；允许在碰撞过程中产生不会增加伤害程度的永久变形，不允许产生对车内乘员造成额外伤害的尖锐棱角；允许或有助于乘员通过的移位装置应处于工作状态，且至少能保证解锁一次，并可按需要移动座椅或座椅的一部分；靠背锁止装置仍需保持功能完好；头枕保持在原锁止位置。试验方法见5.2。
4.2.8低速后碰撞颈部保护(鞭打试验)。
低速后碰撞颈部保护(鞭打试验)参见ISO 17373：2005，评价标准应符合相关图样和技术文件的要求。
4.2.9侧面气囊系统及其附属的座椅面套。
侧面气囊的起爆不得引起骨架变形或断裂，座椅的其他零件不得影响侧面气囊的正常展开并不得导致乘员损伤。试验后，座椅总成或靠背面套仅允许在规定位置上爆开，试验过程中护面、泡沫、飞溅物、气囊模块、靠背附件的具体要求应符合图样和技术文件的规定，气囊相关的展开时间应符合图样和技术文件的规定。试验方法见5.3。
4.2.10加热垫。
加热垫应符合QC/T 950的要求。
4.2.11禁用物质。
禁用物质应符合GB/T 30512的要求。
4.3强度、耐久及功能要求
4.3.1前排座椅骨架总成静态刚度。
静态刚度试验是验证前排座椅骨架的刚度，前排座椅骨架在500 N的作用下，弹性变形应不大于目标值。在S点所测得的值应小于表l中所列出的最大值。试验方法见5.4。
表1 前排座椅骨架的刚度要求
加载力 F1或F2
500 N F3
500 N F4左
500 N R4右
500 N F5左
500 N F5右
500 N F6左
500 N F6右
500 N
测量值 S1+S2 S3 S4左 S4右 S5左 S5右 S6左
S6右 S6左
S6右
最大位移
mm 4 1.5 3 3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5

4.3.2颠簸和蠕动。
试验后，样品应元异常情况出现，座椅骨架无裂纹，泡沫无撕裂，护面和衬垫无破损，H点最大变动在设计要求范围之内。试验方法见5.5。
4.3.3模拟人体进出座椅。
模拟人体进出座椅试验对带面套的座椅进行护面耐磨性测试，模拟人体进出进行15 000次的整椅试验。试验后的座椅护面不应出现断裂、结团，不应脱散和露底，不允许出现损伤，缝线不允许断裂。试验方法见5.6。
4.3.4座椅耐高低温性。
座椅耐高低温性应符合相关图样和技术文件的要求。
4.3.5前排座椅座垫向下强度。
试验后，前排座椅座垫骨架和座垫骨架的固定支架应无裂纹，高度调节机构和纵向锁止机构无破裂，纵向锁止机构不失效，并可以调节。试验方法见5.7。
4.3.6座椅纵向调节功能。
座椅纵向调节功能应符合QC/T 805(手动调节)和QC/T 831(电动调节)的要求。
4.3.7座椅纵向调节疲劳。
座椅纵向调节疲劳应符合QC/T 805(手动调节)和QC/T 831(电动调节)的要求。
4.3.8座椅前倾和高度调节功能。
在全行程范围内，高度调节手柄向上和向下的操作力应小于75 N；手轮式高度调节和座垫前倾调节机构的操作扭矩应小于3 N·m。试验方法见5.8。
4.3.9座椅前倾和高度调节疲劳。
试验后，前倾和高度调节机构功能正常，不允许出现自动调节的情况；满足座椅前倾和高度调节功能试验的要求；试验过程中无异响。试验方法见5.9。
4.3.10靠背骨架总成间隙。
座椅靠背在持续加载前后应是无间隙的。当加载力到达25 N时，座椅靠背的间隙不应超过3.5 mm。当加载力达到147 N时，加载点最大间隙不应超过15 mm。试验方法见5.10。
4.3.11靠背骨架总成刚度。
卸载后测得的塑性变形应不超过10 mm。试验方法见5.11。
4.3.12靠背骨架总成强度。
当座椅靠背达到目标载荷2时，靠背骨架和调角器应无损坏。试验后所得的力-位移曲线应符合图样和技术文件的要求。在达到目标载荷2之前，实际加载值应大于目标值。试验方法见5.12。
4.3.13靠背骨架总成耐久性。
在循环载荷过程中无异响。试验后，座椅靠背调节及锁止功能正常；各部件无损坏。试验方法见5.13。
4.3.14靠背调节功能。
座椅靠背调节功能应符合QC/T 844的要求。
4.3.15靠背调节疲劳。
座椅靠背调节疲劳应符合QC/T 844的要求。
4.3.16座椅用锁的强度和疲劳。
座椅用锁的强度和疲劳应符合QC/T 845的要求。
4.3.17腰托调节功能。
调节过程中保证调节扭矩的顺畅均匀，不允许出现波动；不允许出现异响，手动调节扭矩最大为3.5 N·m。试验方法见5.14。
4.3.18腰托调节疲劳。
试验后，腰托调节功能正常，满足4.3.17的要求。试验方法见5.15。
4.3.19地图袋功能。
试验后地图袋不允许存在损坏、缝线断裂等现象，用于固定地图袋的面套或卡扣不允许脱落。地图袋的其他性能要求应符合图样和技术文件的要求。试验方法见5.16。
4.3.20地图袋疲劳。
试验后，地图袋不允许损坏、缝线断裂、变色等现象；用于地图袋固定的焊缝、螺栓、卡扣连接以及缝纫线不允许失效；地图袋的其他性能要求应符合图样和技术文件的要求。试验方法见5.17。
4.3.21座椅扶手强度。
垂直向下加载时座椅扶手的最大变形(弹性变形)不大于76 mm，塑性变形不大于25 mm；侧向加载时座椅扶手的最大变形(弹性变形)不大于25 mm，塑性变形不超过6 mm。试验方法见5.18。
4.3.22扶手耐久性。
试验后，扶手必须保持原有功能要求，无铰链机构缺陷，护面不应出现破裂、脱散和露底。试验过程中以及试验后不允许出现异响。试验方法见5.19。
4.3.23头枕功能。
头枕调节均匀平顺，头枕的安装和拆卸易于操作。头枕锁止按钮操作力应为20 N±10 N，头枕功能试验是沿头枕杆方向向上、向下调节，操作力应不大于100 N。
4.3.24头枕耐久性。
试验后，头枕功能及锁止装置正常，头枕的操作力应符合4.3.23的要求。试验过程中无异响。试验方法见5.20。
4.3.25通风功能。
通风的功能要求应符合相关图样和技术文件的要求。
4.3.26 电动座椅调节功能。
电动座椅及带记忆的电动座椅的调节功能应符合相关图样和技术文件的要求。
4.4座椅的舒适性
座椅的舒适性应符合图样和技术文件或QC/T 55的相关要求。
5试验方法
5.1正面碰撞试验
将前排座椅和安全带按设计位置安装在车身或模拟车身上，再将该车身或模拟车身牢固地安装在试验滑车上。将Hybird Ⅲ型试验假人参考GB 11551的规定摆放并约束在座椅上。座椅位置设置见表2(对于配备预紧功能的安全带，试验时应点火起爆。起爆时间由制造厂规定)。滑车试验波形：
a)滑车的加速度或减速度波形采用实车碰撞时B柱下方X向的试验波形；
b)或者采用如下波形：在不少于110 ms内的加速或减速过程中，至少在35 ms内保持20 g的加速度或减速度，加速度或减速度的峰值达到35 g。
表2正面碰撞试验座椅位置设置
试验假人 50％HⅢ 95％HⅢ
座椅纵向调节位置 中间位置或者最接近于中间位置的向后位置锁止 最后位置
座椅高度调节位置 设计位置或最低位置 最低位置
座垫倾斜角调节位置 设计位置或中间位置
靠背倾斜角度 向后倾斜，与铅垂方向成25°，或在设计位置
腰部支撑调节位置 设计位置或完全缩回的位置
头枕高度调节位置 设计位置或中间位置 最高位置
头枕倾斜角度调节位置 设计位置或中间位置
座椅扶手 放下的位置，若与假人放置位置干涉，则允许扶手处于抬起位置
安全带高度调节位置 中间位置或靠近中间偏上的固定位置 最上位置
摄像机 两侧至少各一个，拍摄速度≥1 000 fps
其他调节机构设置 其他调节机构设置为汽车制造厂设计位置

5.2后面碰撞试验
将前排座椅和安全带按设计位置安装在车身或模拟车身上，再将该车身或模拟车身牢固地安装在试验滑车上。将Hybird Ⅲ型试验假人参考GB 11551的规定摆放并约束在座椅上。座椅位置设置见表3。滑车试验应采取如下波形：在80 ms±10 ms的加速或减速过程中，至少在40 ms内保持10g的加速度或减速度，加速度或减速度的峰值达到16g。
表3后面碰撞试验座椅位置设置
试验假人 50％HⅢ 95％HⅢ
座椅纵向调节位置 中间位置或者最接近于中间位置的向后位置锁止 最后位置
座椅高度调节位置 设计位置或最低位置 最低位置
座垫倾斜角调节位置 设计位置或中间位置
靠背倾斜角度 向后倾斜，与铅垂方向成25°，或在设计位置
腰部支撑调节位置 设计位置或完全缩回的位置
头枕高度调节位置 设计位置或中间位置 最高位置
头枕倾斜角度调节位置 设计位置或中间位置
座椅扶手 放下的位置，若与假人放置位置干涉，则允许扶手处于抬起位置
安全带高度调节位置 中间位置或靠近中间偏上的固定位置 最上位置
摄像机 两侧至少各一个，拍摄速度≥1 000 fps
其他调节机构设置 其他调节机构设置为汽车制造厂设计位置

5.3侧面气囊系统及其附属的座椅面套试验
把前排座椅总成或靠背按照车辆的安装方式安装在试验夹具上，试验设置如座椅靠背角度、模拟车门的挡板位置、气囊模块点爆电流、点爆电流的持续时间等尽可能模拟车辆环境。
试验温度：低温-35℃±2.5℃、常温23℃±2.5℃和高温85℃±2.5℃。存放时间和点爆间隔时间应符合图样和技术文件的要求。
注：气囊模块打开时间根据图样和技术文件的规定和系统的要求而确定。
5.4前排座椅骨架总成静态刚度试验
把座椅骨架总成安装到模拟汽车安装位置的刚性试验夹具上，把试验夹具固定在测试平台上。
座椅调节：纵向调节到最后的位置，高度和前倾调节到最高的位置。座椅靠背角调节至设计位置。在测量点S处测量位移。
加载力F和测量点位移S见图1，其中：
a)F1/F2/F3：在座椅纵向中心平面内，以座椅靠背旋转中心为圆心，500 mm为半径做圆，与上横梁前表面的交点为加载点，垂直于靠背向后加载；

杆中心
调角器后固定点
F6左
F6右
F4+S4右
F4+S4左
F5+S5右
F5+S5左
图1 前排座椅骨架总成静态刚度试验加载力和测量点
b)F4：座垫支撑横梁上，距离调角器后固定点350 mm处，力的方向铅垂向下；
c)F5：调角器后固定点(座垫与靠背连接处，后方的连接螺栓轴线)；水平左右施加载荷；
d)F6：靠背旋转中心向上500 mm处，水平左右施加载荷。
试验过程：首先施加5 N的预载力，确保加载辅具与骨架总成接触，然后卸载至0 N，以此作为位移的初始测量位置，开始试验，试验过程中加载速度为100 mm/min。
5.5颠簸和蠕动试验
假臀和假背按照GB/T 29120的50百分位假人，包一层12 mm的泡沫和牛仔布(具体要求应符合图样和技术文件的要求)。把试验样品固定在颠簸蠕动试验机平台上，调整样品使其H点中心线与假臀或假背中心线对齐，调整假臀或假背的高低位置。座垫和靠背的颠簸频率为100次/min；蠕动(在水平面内沿竖直方向旋转蠕动)频率为4次/min，颠簸幅度(波峰至波谷)为30 mm。试验循环次数等试验要求见表4。假臀和假背应符合GB/T 29120的50百分位假臀和假背要求。
表4试验要求
试样 循环次数 负载
kg 颠簸频率
次/min 蠕动频率
次/min 蠕动角度
(°)
座垫 100 000 68 100 4 ±21
靠背 50 000 29 100 — —

5.6模拟人体进出座椅试验
模拟人体(假臀和假背)按照GB/T 29120的50百分位假人，包一层12 mm的泡沫和牛仔布(具体技术要求应符合图样和技术文件的要求)。
把座椅固定在模拟人体进出的试验台上，座椅调整至设计位置。推荐选择如下试验方法之一，也可按图样和技术文件要求，试验频率为4.5次/min，模拟人体进出试验次数为15 000次。
方法一：使用压力分布垫采集人体进出座椅的轨迹，再编制机器人的运行程序：
a)将压力分布垫平铺在座垫上，使用胶带将四边固定；
b)95％男性真人模拟进出汽车座椅过程，共采集5个位置的压力分布，90°，45°，0°，45°，90°(角度分别为进入座椅侧，95％男性真人纵向中心面与车辆行驶方向的夹角)；
c)使用机器人在相同的位置模拟真人进出座椅的过程，采集的压力分布与真人压力分布相近，记录5个位置的坐标，形成进出轨迹；
d)移除压力分布垫，开始试验。
方法二：根据模拟人体进出座椅的轨迹，编制机器人的运行程序：
a)模拟人体与座椅纵向呈30°水平挤压座垫侧翼进人座椅，座垫侧翼与靠背侧翼的压陷量为20 mm～30 mm。
b)当模拟人体H点移动到离座椅边缘约20 mm时，模拟人体整体沿竖直方向旋转(过H点的铅垂线作为旋转轴)，并逐渐向座椅纵向中心面靠近，此过程中，模拟人体假臀部分逐渐调整为与地面夹角为15°～20°，模拟人体靠背始终与靠背侧翼接触并有明显的压痕。最终移动到H点离座椅纵向中心面约15 mm，模拟人体纵向中心面与座椅纵向中心面约15°夹角。
c)模拟人体继续旋转，直到与座椅纵向中心面重合，H点与设计位置基本重合，模拟人体靠背部分与座椅靠背正常接触并存在明显挤压。
d)此时，模拟人体完全进入座椅，摆正，模拟人体下压直到载荷为575 N。
e)模拟人体开始移出座椅。模拟人体整体绕竖直方向旋转(过H点的铅垂线作为旋转轴)，并整体向外侧移动(向H点左/右前方移动)，旋转约15°，此时H点横向及纵向移动10 mm～15 mm，在此过程中，模拟人体靠背保持与座垫、靠背接触，压痕逐渐减弱。
f)然后，模拟人体继续旋转至与座椅纵向呈30°的位置，模拟人体假臀逐渐调整至水平，并始终挤压侧翼，压陷量保持在20 mm～30 mm，并逐渐减弱，在此过程中，模拟人体靠背保持与座椅靠背接触，最终移到H点至座椅边缘约25 mm的位置。
g)最后，模拟人体整体沿靠背侧翼面整体向斜外侧移出座椅，在此过程中，模拟人体靠背与座椅靠背接触逐渐减弱，直至整体移出座椅。
5.7前排座椅座垫向下强度试验
把前排座椅安装到模拟汽车安装位置的刚性试验夹具上，将试验夹具固定到工作台上，调整座椅到设计位置，加载座椅的压头直径为200 mm。系统中的力传感器精度为1％。对座垫加载5 880 N，保持一定时间后，加载至7 056 N。以上加载方向见图2。加载条件和持续时间见表5。达到持续时间后卸载。