1 General Provisions
1.0.1 This Code is formulated with a view to implementing technical and economic policies issued by the nation during ground treatment design and construction, and achieving safety and usability, advanced technology, economic rationality, quality guarantee and environmental protection.
1.0.2 This Code is applicable to the design, construction and quality inspection for the ground treatment of buildings.
1.0.3 Ground treatment shall use local materials in accordance with the requirements of engineering design and local conditions, so as to meet the requirements of environmental protection and resources conservation.
1.0.4 Ground treatment of buildings shall not only meet the requirements this Code but also comply with those in the current relevant ones of the nation.
2 Terms and Symbols
2.1 Terms
2.1.1 Ground treatment, ground improvement
Technical measures taken in order to increase ground bearing capacity and improve its deformability or permeability
2.1.2 Composite ground, composite foundation
Artificial foundation so formed by reinforcing or replacing partial soil mass that subsoil and vertical reinforcement jointly bear loads
2.1.3 Characteristic value of subsoil bearing capacity
Pressure value corresponding to specified deformation within linear deformation section of subsoil pressure deformation curve determined by load test, and its maximum value is the proportion limit value
2.1.4 Replacement layer of compacted fill
Compacted replacement layer formed by backfilling non-aggressive materials of stable nature and higher strength after excavating soft soil layer or uneven soil layer within certain range under the foundation base
2.1.5 Replacement layer of tensile reinforcement
Replacement layer formed by laying single-layer or multi-layer horizontal reinforced materials into the materials of the replacement layer
2.1.6 Preloaded ground, preloaded foundation
Consolidated and compacted foundation formed by preloading with surcharge of fill and/or vacuum preloading
2.1.7 Preloading with surcharge of fill
Ground treatment method to make the subsoil consolidated and compacted by adding loads on the ground
2.1.8 Vacuum preloading
Ground treatment method to make the subsoil consolidated and compacted by vacuumizing and draining the sealed membrane covering on the ground surface of shaft
2.1.9 Compacted ground, compacted fill
The ground with the fill compacted in layers by virtue of flat roller, vibrating roller, impact roller or other rolling equipment
2.1.10 Rammed ground, rammed earth
Ground with compacted pier body formed through subsoil compacting treatment (repeat raising the ram and loosening to make it free fall that will generate impact and vibration energy on the ground) or replacement
2.1.11 Composite foundation with sand-gravel columns
Composite foundation with vertical reinforcement of compacted sand-gravel formed by extruding gravel, sand or sand-gravel into the holes
2.1.12 Composite foundation with cement-fly ash-gravel piles
Composite foundation with vertical reinforcement formed by grouting the mixture of cement, fly ash and gravel with water in the soil
2.1.13 Composite foundation with rammed soil-cement columns
Composite foundation with vertical reinforcement formed by ramming in layers the mixture of cement and soil uniformly mixed to scale in the hole
2.1.14 Composite foundation with cement deep mixed columns
Composite foundation with vertical reinforcement formed by forced mixing of curing agent (with the cement as the main material) and subsoil with deep mixer
2.1.15 Composite foundation with jet grouting
Composite foundation with vertical reinforcement of soil-cement formed by cutting and mixing with the soil mass by the spraying jet of high-pressure cement paste ejecting from the horizontal nozzle through the rotation and lifting of drill pipe
2.1.16 Composite foundation with compacted soil-lime columns
Composite foundation with vertical reinforcement formed by ramming in layers the soil-lime filled in the hole
2.1.17 Composite foundation with impact displacement columns
Composite foundation with vertical reinforcement formed by column impact holing method and ramming in layers the fill
2.1.18 Composite foundation with multiple reinforcement of different materials or lengths
Composite foundation formed by reinforcing with reinforcement of two and more kinds of different materials or reinforcement of the same material but different length
2.1.19 Ground improvement by permeation and high hydrofracture grouting
Ground treatment method by grouting the cement paste or other chemical grout into the subsoil layer to strengthen the coupling of soil particles, so as to improve the soil mass strength, decrease deformation and reduce permeability
2.1.20 Micropile
Root pile, precast concrete pile or steel pipe pile with a diameter not greater than 300mm formed with pile driving machinery or other small devices in the soil
2.2 Symbols
2.2.1 Action and action effect
E——The compacting energy generated by dynamic compaction or dynamic compaction replacement;
1 General Provisions
2 Terms and Symbols
2.1 Terms
2.2 Symbols
3 Basic Requirements
4 Replacement Layer of Compacted Fill
4.1 General Requirements
4.2 Design Considerations
4.3 Construction
4.4 Inspection
5 Preloaded Ground
5.1 General Requirements
5.2 Design Considerations
5.3 Construction
5.4 Inspection
6 Compacted Ground and Rammed Ground
6.1 General Requirements
6.2 Compacted Ground
6.3 Rammed Ground
7 Composite Foundation
7.1 General Requirements
7.2 Composite Foundation with Sand-gravel Columns
7.3 Composite Foundation with Cement Deep Mixed Columns
7.4 Composite Foundation with Jet Grouting
7.5 Composite Foundation with Compacted Soil-Lime Columns or Compacted Soil Columns
7.6 Composite Foundation with Rammed Soil-Cement Columns
7.7 Composite Foundation with Cement Fly-Ash Gravel Piles
7.8 Composite Foundation with Impact Displacement Columns
7.9 Composite Foundation with Multiple Reinforcement of Different Materials or Lengths
8 Ground Improvement by Permeation and High Hydrofracture Grouting
8.1 General Regulations
8.2 Design Considerations
8.3 Construction
8.4 Inspection
9 Ground Improvement by Micropiles
9.1 General Requirements
9.2 Root Piles
9.3 Driven Cast-in-place Piles
9.4 Grouting Piles with Steel-pipe
9.5 Inspection
10 Inspection and Monitoring
10.1 Inspection
10.2 Monitoring
Appendix A Key Points for Load Test on Treatment Ground
Appendix B Key Points for Load Test on Composite Foundation
Appendix C Key Points for Load Test on Single Pile of Composite Foundation
Explanation of Wording in This Code
List of Quoted Standards
