This document specifies requirements for the manufacture of welded and seamless steel pipes for use in pipeline transportation systems in the petroleum and natural gas industries, including two product specification levels (PSL 1 and PSL 2).
This document is applicable to the manufacture, inspection, marking, coating, recording and loading of welded and seamless pipes for use in pipeline transportation systems in the petroleum and natural gas industries. The manufacture and inspection of steel pipes for pure hydrogen transmission pipelines shall be carried out with reference to this document.
This document is not applicable to cast pipes.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain requirements which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 9253 Petroleum and natural gas industries - Threading, gauging and thread inspection of casing, tubing, and line pipe threads
TSG Z8001 Examination rules for nondestructive testing inspectors of special equipment
ISO 6507-1 Metallic materials - Vickers hardness test - Part 1: Test method
ISO 6508-1 Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 1: Test method
API Spec 5L:2018 Line pipe
ASTM E18 Standard test methods for rockwell hardness of metallic materials
ASTM E92 Standard test methods for vickers hardness and knoop hardness of metallic materials
3 Terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms given in API Spec 5L:2018 apply.
4 Information to be supplied by the purchaser
In addition to the requirements of API Spec 5L:2018, Clause 7, if agreed, the purchase order for a specific order batch shall also include which of the following requirements apply:
a) Requirements of grain size, banded structure and inclusions of raw materials for PSL 2 pipes with resistance to ductile fracture propagation in gas transmission pipelines (see 5.2);
b) Hydrostatic test of jointers (see 5.3);
c) PSL 2 pipe ordered for pure hydrogen transmission pipelines (see Annex A);
d) Evaluation of abnormal fractures in drop-weight tear (DWT) test (see Annex B).
Foreword I Introduction VI 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms 4 Information to be supplied by the purchaser 5 Technical requirements 5.1 General 5.2 Grain size, banded structure and inclusions of PSL 2 pipe with resistance to ductile fracture propagation 5.3 Hydrostatic test of jointer 5.4 Hardness test of PSL 2 pipe 5.5 Maximum permissible outside weld bead height at pipe ends of SAW and COW pipes 5.6 Location of test pipe for Charpy impact test of weld and HAZ in case of welding deviation 5.7 Requirements for actual pressure during hydrostatic test with end-sealing ram 5.8 Re-inspection of guided-bend test 5.9 Inspection of qualification test of repair welding operators 5.10 Equivalent standard for the qualification and certification of NDT personnel 5.11 Equipment calibration for radiographic testing of welds 5.12 EPRG guidelines - Method 1 5.13 Ordering of PSL 2 pipe for pure hydrogen transmission pipelines 5.14 Evaluation of abnormal fractures in drop-weight tear (DWT) test 5.15 Marking Annex A (Informative) Ordering of PSL 2 pipe for pure hydrogen transmission pipelines A.1 General A.2 Additional information to be supplied by the purchaser A.3 Manufacturing A.4 Acceptance limit A.5 Surface conditions, imperfections, and defects A.6 High-frequency welded (HFW) pipe weld burrs A.7 Inspection A.8 Steel pipe marking Annex B (Informative) Recommended practice for evaluation of abnormal fracture in DWT test B.1 General B.2 Definition and classification of abnormal fracture B.3 Evaluation of abnormal fracture Bibliography
石油天然气工业 管线输送系统用钢管 1 范围 本文件规定了石油天然气工业管线输送系统用焊接钢管(以下简称“焊管”)和无缝钢管(以下简称“无缝管”)的制造要求,其包括两种产品规范水平(PSL1和PSL2)。 本文件适用于石油天然气工业管线输送系统用焊管和无缝管的制造、检验、标志、涂层、记录和装载。纯氢输送管道用钢管的制造和检验参照本文件执行。 本文件不适用于铸铁管。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中,注日期的引用文件,仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件;不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB/T 9253 石油天然气工业 套管、油管和管线管螺纹的加工、测量和检验 TSG Z8001 特种设备无损检测人员考核规则 ISO 6507-1 金属材料 维氏硬度试验 第1部分:试验方法(Metallic materials—Vickers hardness test—Part 1: Test method) ISO 6508-1 金属材料 洛氏硬度试验 第1部分:试验方法(Metallic materials—Rockwell hard-ness test—Part 1: Test method) API Spec 5L:2018 管线钢管(Line pipe) ASTM E18 金属材料洛氏硬度标准试验方法(Standard test methods for rockwell hardness of metallic materials) ASTM E92 金属材料维氏硬度和努氏硬度标准试验方法(Standard test methods for vickers hardness and knoop hardness of metallic materials) 3 术语、定义、符号和缩略语 API Spec 5L:2018界定的术语、定义、符号和缩略语适用于本文件。 4 由购方提供的信息 除API Spec 5L:2018中第7章的规定外,对于具体的订货批,如果协议,订货合同应注明下列哪些条款适用: a) 输气管线用抗延性断裂扩展的PSL2钢管原料的晶粒度、带状组织和夹杂物要求(见5.2); b) 对接钢管的静水压试验(见5.3); c) 订购纯氢输送管道用PSL2钢管(见附录A); d) 落锤撕裂(DWT)试验异常断口评价(见附录B)。 5 技术要求 5.1 通则 除5.2~5.15中规定的补充要求和例外情况,以及API Spec 5L:2018中附录A、附录L、附录O和附录P外,本文件应按API Spec 5L:2018中相关章节的规定执行。 如果没有具体指出某要求适用于何种水平的钢管,则该要求对PSL1和PSL2钢管同样适用。 除另有协议外,如果购方根据预期服役条件协议选用多个特殊用途补充要求时,钢管应符合特殊用途补充要求中最严苛的要求。 5.2 抗延性断裂扩展的PSL2钢管的晶粒度、带状组织和夹杂物 当订购输气管线用抗延性断裂扩展的PSL2钢管时,如果协议,可规定原料的晶粒度、带状组织和夹杂物要求。 5.3 对接钢管的静水压试验 如果用来焊制对接钢管的管段在对接前已进行了静水压试验且合格,经协议,对接钢管可不进行静水压试验。 5.4 PSL2钢管硬度试验 5.4.1 要求 PSL2钢管管体、焊缝和热影响区(HAZ)的硬度应符合下列要求: a) 钢级不高于L450/X65的钢管,硬度不大于265HV10或25HRC; b) L485/X70钢级钢管,硬度不大于275HV10或26HRC; c) L555/X80钢级钢管,硬度不大于285HV10或28HRC; d) L625/X90钢级钢管,硬度不大于300HV10或30HRC; e) L690/X100钢级钢管,硬度不大于310HV10或31HRC; f) L830/X120钢级钢管,硬度值由购方与制造商协议确定。 5.4.2 检验频次 所有PSL2钢管管体、焊缝和热影响区的硬度检验频次为同一试验批为一批,每批一次。 5.4.3 试样数量、方向和位置 PSL2钢管硬度试验各试块试样数量、方向和位置应符合表1的规定。 表1 PSL2钢管硬度试验各试块试样数量、方向和位置 钢管类型 取样位置 硬度试验各试块试样的数量、方向和位置 规定外径Dmm <219.1 219.1~<323.9 323.9~<508 ≥508 SMLS,非冷扩径[见API Spec 5L:2018中图5a)] 管体 1T 1T 1T 1T SMLS,冷扩径[见API Spec 5L:2018中图5a)] 管体 1T 1T 1T 1T HFW[见API Spec 5L:2018中图5b)] 焊缝 1W 1W 1W 1W SAWL或COWL[见API Spec 5L:2018中图5b)] 焊缝 1W 1W 1W 1W SAWH或COWH[见API Spec 5L:2018中图5c)] 焊缝 1W 1W 1W 1W 钢带(卷)/钢板对头焊缝 1WS 1WS 1WS 1WS 5.4.4 试验方法 5.4.4.1 母材硬度试验应采用HV10维氏试验方法或HR15N洛氏试验方法,HV10维氏试验按照ISO 6507-1或ASTM E92的规定进行,HR15N洛氏试验按照ISO 6508-1或ASTM E18的规定进行。有争议时,应采用HV10维氏试验方法仲裁。 HAZ和焊缝的硬度试验应按照ISO 6507-1或ASTM E92进行HV10维氏试验。 在无缝管管体和焊管的焊接接头母材区域硬度试验中,当单点硬度读数超过相应验收极限时,如果3点中最小值与在这3点附近加取的6点中最大值的平均值不超过相应验收极限,且单点读数超过相应验收极限的幅度不多于10 HV10或2 HRC(选两者中适用者),也可视为该单点合格。 5.4.4.2 无缝管的硬度试验位置应按API Spec 5L:2018中图H.1a)的规定,但下列情况除外: a) 对于t<4.0mm的钢管,仅应在厚度中部的横向进行试验; b) 对于4.0mm≤t<6mm的钢管,仅应在内和外表面横向进行试验; c) 如果协议,每一全厚度位置的3点[如API Spec 5L:2018中图H.1a)所示]压痕硬度试验是可接受的。 5.4.4.3 焊管的硬度试验位置应包括焊缝横截面。SAW管硬度压痕点应在母材、可见的HAZ和焊缝上,如图1所示;HFW管硬度压痕点应在母材、可见的HAZ、焊缝中心线上,如API Spec 5L:2018中图H.1c)、API Spec 5L:2018中图H.1d)所示,但下列情况除外: a) 对于t<4.0mm的钢管,仅应在厚度中部的横向进行试验; b) 对于4.0mm≤t<6mm的钢管,仅应在内和外表面横向进行试验; c) 如果协议,只要硬度压痕点仍位于母材上,母材的硬度压痕点与焊缝中心线的距离可小于API Spec 5L:2018中图H.1c)的规定。 单位为毫米
a 焊缝中心线。 b 距熔合线0.75mm。 c 距熔合线1t。 d 自内表面和外表面。 图1 SAW管硬度试验位置 5.5 SAW管和COW管的管端最大允许外焊道高度 SAW管和COW管的管端最大允许外焊道高度应符合表2的规定。如果协议,应采用修磨方法将钢管每端至少各150mm范围内的外焊道余高去除,使得修磨后焊道高出邻近钢管表面不超过0.5mm。 表2 SAW和COW管的管端最大允许外焊道高度 规定壁厚t mm 最大外焊道高度a mm ≤13.0 3.5 >13.0 4.5 a 由制造商选择,高于允许值的外焊道可修磨至可接收高度。