标准编号:	GB/T 39361-2020
中文名称:	海水冷却水排放要求
英文名称:	Discharge requirements for cooling seawater
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
发布机构:	国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2020-11-19
实施日期:	2021-6-1
标准状态:	valid
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	11000 字
翻译价格(元):	770.0
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Discharge requirements for cooling seawater 1 Scope This standard specifies the control requirements, monitoring requirements and result determination methods for discharging cooling seawater. This standard is applicable to enterprises that discharge cooling seawater to sea areas or estuarine waters (the annual probability for salinity greater than 0.5% is greater than 10%). For seawater cooling construction projects, their environmental impact assessment, environmental protection facilities design and environmental protection acceptance may also refer to this standard. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 12763.2 Specifications for oceanographic survey - Part 2: Marine hydrographic observation GB/T 12763.4 Specifications for oceanographic survey - Part 4: Survey of chemical parameters in sea water GB/T 15441 Water quality - Determination of the acute toxicity - Luminescent bacteria test GB 17378.4 The specification for marine monitoring - Part 4: Seawater analysis GB 18421 Marine biological quality GB 18486 Standard for pollution control of sewage marine disposal engineering GB 18668 Marine sediment quality GB/T 33584.2 Seawater quality requirements and analysis methods for seawater cooling system - Part 2: Determination of zinc HJ/T 92 Technical requirements for monitoring of total amount of pollutants in waste water HJ/T 373 Technical specifications of quality assurance and quality control for monitoring of stationary pollution source (on trial) HJ 585 Water quality - Determination of free chlorine and total chlorine - Titrimetric method using N,N-diethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine HJ 586 Water quality - Determination of free chlorine and total chlorine - Spectrophotometric method N,N-diethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine HY/T 147.1 Code of practice for marine monitoring technology - Part 1: Seawater HY/T 147.6 Code of practice for marine monitoring technology - Part 6: Marine hydrology, meteorology and sea ice 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 cooling seawater seawater used as heat exchange medium in the seawater cooling system Note: It includes seawater from once-through cooling system and seawater from recirculating cooling system. 3.2 seawater from once-through cooling system seawater in the once-through seawater cooling system, which is directly discharged after a heat exchange in the heat exchange equipment 3.3 seawater from recirculating cooling system seawater in the recirculating seawater cooling system, which is cooled by a cooling tower and then recycled for use after a heat exchange in the heat exchange equipment 3.4 effluent volume amount of wastewater discharged outside the legal boundaries of the enterprise from the cooling seawater discharge outlet Note: It includes the cooling discharge water and various seawater-based wastewater that need to be discharged together with the cooling discharge water. 3.5 benchmark effluent volume per unit product upper limit of cooling water discharged per unit product Note: The unit is m3/t or m3/(MW·h). 3.6 initial dilution number of times the cooling seawater is diluted when the exit momentum and buoyancy actions (under which, the cooling seawater will be mixed with the environmental water body and diluted after it is discharged) are essentially complete Note: It is revised from Definition 3.4 of GB 18486-2001. 3.7 mixing zone superimposed (i.e., envelope) area where the concentration of pollutants in nearby waters exceeds the average target limit of water quality in the waters at each instant due to continuous discharge of cooling seawater Note: It is revised from Definition 3.5 of GB 18486-2001. 4 Control requirements for discharging cooling seawater 4.1 The quality of discharged cooling seawater shall meet those specified in Table 1.   Table 1 Requirements for quality of discharged cooling seawater S.N. Water quality index Unit Limit Monitoring position 1 Suspended substance (SS) mg/L ≤30 Cooling seawater discharge outlets of enterprises or shafts on the shore Man-made increment ≤20 (executed where there is a background value) 2 Water temperature ℃ Man-made seawater temperature rise shall not exceed 9℃ a (10℃ b) in summer and 12℃ a (16℃ b) in winter in terms of the local temperature at that time. Cooling seawater discharge outlets of enterprises or shafts on the shore Man-made seawater temperature drop shall not exceed 5℃ c in terms of the local temperature at that time. Man-made seawater temperature rise or temperature drop c shall not exceed 4℃ in summer and 3℃ in winter in terms of the local temperature at that time. Edges of mixing zone 3 pH value - 6.0~9.0, and at the same time, it shall not exceed the normal pH variation range of the water area by 0.5pH Cooling seawater discharge outlets of enterprises or shafts on the shore 4 Chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) mg/L ≤7 mg/L Man-made increment ≤2 (executed where there is a background value) 5 Inorganic nitrogen (counted by N) mg/L ≤1.0 6 Total residual chlorine d mg/L <0.1 7 Total chromium e mg/L ≤0.5 8 Hexavalent chromium e mg/L ≤0.05 9 Copper f mg/L ≤0.1 10 Zinc mg/L ≤0.5 11 Total phosphorus (counted by P) mg/L ≤0.5 Man-made increment ≤0.05 (executed where there is a background value) 12 Petroleum g mg/L <5.0 Cooling seawater discharge outlets of enterprises or shafts on the shore 13 Acute toxicity (HgCl2 toxicity equivalence) mg/L 0.07 Notes: Items listed under numbers 1~3, 6 and 13 are applicable to seawater from once-through cooling system, and Items listed under numbers 1~13 are applicable to seawater from recirculating cooling system. a It is applicable to thermal power industry and other industries. b It is applicable to nuclear power units. c It is applicable to industries that take seawater as the heat source of liquefied natural gas (LNG). d Test the total residual chlorine when adding chlorine-based biocide. e Test the content of total chromium and hexavalent chromium when adding chromate corrosion inhibitor. f Test the content of copper in cooling water system with copper-containing chemicals and/or copper materials. g It is applicable to oil refining enterprises. 4.2 The benchmark effluent volume per unit product of cooling seawater shall comply with those specified in Table 2. Table 2 Benchmark effluent volume per unit product of cooling seawater Industry Cooling mode Limit Position for monitoring pollutant discharge Thermal power Direct current <120m3/(MW·h) The gauge position of effluent volume is the same as the position for monitoring pollutant discharge Circulation <3.0m3/(MW·h) Nuclear power Direct current <230m3/(MW·h) Circulation <6.0m3/(MW·h) Others Direct current - Circulation <3.0m3/t 4.3 The selection of cooling seawater discharge outlet and the design of the effluent discharge system shall make the initial dilution of the cooling discharge water at a time guarantee percentage of 90% in a year meet the requirements of GB 18486. 4.4 The determination of mixing zones for discharging cooling seawater into the sea shall comply with the requirements of GB 18486. 4.5 The cooling seawater should be discharged independently. If it is really necessary to discharge the cooling seawater together with the wastewater from other seawater sources, the latter shall not reduce the discharge quality of the cooling seawater; otherwise, the wastewater from other seawater sources shall be treated. 4.6 The discharge of the cooling seawater shall not cause oil film, floating foam and other floating substances on the surface of the receiving water.   4.7 The discharge outlet of the cooling seawater should be set offshore, selected in the sea area which is conducive to the transport and diffusion of pollutants to the open sea, and selected by following the principle of keeping away the vortex and wave breaking zones caused by specific terrain such as headland. The discharge outlet should not be close to intertidal zones, and floodplain discharge is prohibited. 4.8 The site selection of the cooling seawater discharge outlets shall not affect the fish migration pathway or the use functions of the adjacent functional areas outside the mixing zone. In the estuary, the lateral width of the mixing zone shall not exceed 1/4 of the width of the estuary. 4.9 The type of the cooling seawater discharge outlet should be determined by comparison and selection to minimize the influence range of the cooling seawater. 4.10 The water quality of the sea area where the discharge outlet is located, the requirements for functional areas, and other surrounding emission sources shall be considered comprehensively in case of calculating the allowable discharge amount of various pollutants in Table 1. For key sea areas where total discharge amount of pollutants is controlled, the indexes for control of total discharge amount of pollutants in this sea area shall be considered in case of determining the allowable discharge amount of pollutants in cooling seawater. 4.11 If two or more different types of seawater-based wastewater with different effluent concentrations are discharged from the same discharge outlet, the effluent concentration of the mixed wastewater shall be calculated in accordance with Annex A. 4.12 The maximum allowable discharge load capacity of water quality indexes of the cooling seawater discharged shall be calculated in accordance with Annex B. 4.13 The maximum allowable total annual discharge amount of water quality indexes of the cooling seawater discharged shall be calculated in accordance with Annex C. 4.14 The cooling seawater shall not cause degradation and change of biological community structure outside the mixing zones of pollutant receiving area. 4.15 The cooling seawater shall not cause toxic substances to be enriched to harmful extent in sediments or organisms in the pollutant receiving area, that is, the quality of sediments in the pollutant receiving area cannot meet the requirements of GB 18668 and the biological quality cannot meet the requirements of GB 18421. 4.16 For cooling seawater, the recycling disposal method should be preferred.

Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Control requirements for discharging cooling seawater 5 Monitoring requirements 6 Result judgment Annex A (Normative) Calculation of maximum allowable effluent concentration of pollutants in mixed wastewater Annex B (Normative) Calculation of maximum allowable discharge load of pollutants in cooling seawater Annex C (Normative) Calculation of maximum allowable total annual discharge amount of pollutants in cooling seawater

ICS 07.060；13.030.20 Z 60 中华人民共和国国家标准 GB/T 39361—2020 海水冷却水排放要求 Discharge requirements for cooling seawater 2020-11-19发布 2021-06-01实施 国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会 发布 前 言 本标准按照GB/T 1.1—2009给出的规则起草。 本标准由中华人民共和国自然资源部提出。 本标准由全国海洋标准化技术委员会(SAC/TC 283)归口。 海水冷却水排放要求 1 范围 本标准规定了海水冷却水排放的控制要求、监测要求和结果判定方法。 本标准适用于向海域或河口水域(含盐量大于0.5%的年概率大于10%)排放海水冷却水的企业。海水冷却工程建设项目的环境影响评价、环境保护设施设计和竣工环境保护验收可参照使用。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB/T 12763.2 海洋调查规范 第2部分：海洋水文观测 GB/T 12763.4 海洋调查规范 第4部分：海水化学要素调查 GB/T 15441 水质 急性毒性的测定 发光细菌法 GB 17378.4 海洋监测规范 第4部分：海水分析 GB 18421 海洋生物质量 GB 18486 污水海洋处置工程污染控制标准 GB 18668 海洋沉积物质量 GB/T 33584.2 海水冷却水质要求及分析检测方法 第2部分：锌的测定 HJ/T 92 水污染物排放总量监测技术规范 HJ/T 373 固定污染源监测质量保证与质量控制技术规范(试行) HJ 585 水质 游离氯和总氯的测定 N，N-二乙基-1，4-苯二胺滴定法 HJ 586 水质 游离氯和总氯的测定 N，N-二乙基-1，4-苯二胺分光光度法 HJ/T 147.1 海洋监测技术规程 第1部分：海水 HJ/T 147.6 海洋监测技术规程 第6部分：海洋水文、气象与海冰 3 术语和定义 下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 海水冷却水 cooling seawater 在海水冷却系统中，作为换热介质的海水。 注：包括海水直流冷却水和海水循环冷却水。 3.2 海水直流冷却水 seawater from once-through cooling system 在海水直流冷却系统中，经过换热设备完成一次热交换后直接排放的海水。 3.3 海水循环冷却水 seawater from recirculating cooling system 在海水循环冷却系统中，经换热设备完成一次热交换后，再经冷却塔冷却、并循环使用的海水。 3.4 排水量 effluent volume 从海水冷却水排放口流出，向企业法定边界以外排放的废水的量。 注：包括冷却排放水以及需要随冷却排放水一起排放的各种外排海水源废水量。 3.5 单位产品基准排水量 benchmark effluent volume per unit product 生产单位产品排放的冷却水量的上限值。 注：单位为立方米每吨(m3/t)或立方米每兆瓦时[m3/(MW·h)]。 3.6 初始稀释度 initial dilution 冷却水排出后，在出口动量和浮力作用下与环境水体混合并被稀释，在出口动量和浮力作用基本完结时冷却水被稀释的倍数。 注：改写GB 18486—2001，定义3.4。 3.7 混合区 mixing zone 冷却水连续排出，各个瞬时造成附近水域污染物浓度超过该水域水质目标限值的平面范围的叠加(亦即包络)区域。 注：改写GB 18486—2001，定义3.5。 4 海水冷却水排放控制要求 4.1 海水冷却水排放水质应符合表1的规定。 表1 海水冷却水排放水质要求 序号 水质指标 单位 限值 监控位置 1 悬浮物(SS) mg/L ≤30 企业海水冷却水排放口或岸边竖井 人为增加量≤20(有本底值的情况下执行) 2 水温 ℃ 人为造成的海水温升夏季不超过当时当地9℃a(10℃b)，冬季不超过当时当地12℃a(16℃b) 企业海水冷却水排放口或岸边竖井 人为造成的海水温降不超过当时当地5℃c 人为造成的海水温升或温降c夏季不超过当时当地4℃，冬季不超过当时当地3℃ 混合区边缘 3 pH值 — 6.0~9.0，同时不超出该水域正常变动范围的0.5pH单位 企业海水冷却水排放口或岸边竖井 4 化学需氧量(CODMn) mg/L ≤7 mg/L 人为增加量≤2(有本底值的情况下执行) 5 无机氮(以N计) mg/L ≤1.0 6 总余氯d mg/L <0.1 7 总铬e mg/L ≤0.5 8 六价铬e mg/L ≤0.05 9 铜f mg/L ≤0.1 10 锌 mg/L ≤0.5 11 总磷(以P计) mg/L ≤0.5 人为增加量≤0.05有本底值的情况下执行 12 石油类g mg/L <5.0 企业海水冷却水排放口或岸边竖井 13 急性毒性(HgCl2毒性当量) mg/L 0.07 注：第1~3、6、13项适用于海水直流冷却水排放水质，第1~13项适用于海水循环冷却水排放水质。 a适用于火电和其他行业。 b适用于核电机组。 c适用于以海水作为气化液化天然气 (LNG)热源的行业。 d在投加氯基杀生剂时检测总余氯。 e在投加铬酸盐类缓蚀剂时检测总铬和六价铬的含量。 f在投加含铜化学品和 /或含有铜材质的冷却水系统中检测铜含量。 g适用于炼油企业。 4.2 海水冷却水单位产品基准排水量按表2的规定执行。 表2 海水冷却水单位产品基准排水量 行业 冷却方式 限值 排放监控位置 火电 直流 <120m3/(MW·h) 排水量计量位置与污染物排放监控位置相同 循环 <3.0m3/(MW·h) 核电 直流 <230m3/(MW·h) 循环 <6.0m3/(MW·h) 其他 直流 — 循环 <3.0m3 t 4.3 海水冷却水排放口的选取和放流系统的设计应使冷却排放水的初始稀释度在一年90%的时间保证率下满足GB 18486的规定。 4.4 海水冷却水入海排放混合区的确定按GB 18486的规定执行。 4.5 海水冷却水宜独立排放。当确需与其他海水源的废水合流排放时，其他海水源的废水不应降低海水冷却水的排放水质；否则，应对其他海水源的废水进行处理。 4.6 海水冷却水排放不得导致受纳水体表面出现油膜、浮沫和其他漂浮物质。 4.7 海水冷却水的排放口宜离岸设置，选在有利于污染物向外海输移扩散的海域，并避开由岬角等特定地形引起的涡流及波浪破碎带。排放口不宜贴近潮间带，禁止漫滩排放。 4.8 海水冷却水排放口的选址不应影响鱼类洄游通道，不应影响混合区外邻近功能区的使用功能。在河口区，混合区范围横向宽度不得超过河口宽度的1/4。 4.9 海水冷却水排放口型式宜经比选确定，尽可能减少海水冷却水影响范围。 4.10 计算表1中各类污染物的允许排放量时，应综合考虑排放口所在海域的水质状况、功能区的要求和周边的其他排放源。对实施污染物排放总量控制的重点海域，确定海水冷却水中污染物的允许排放量时，应考虑该海域的污染物排放总量控制指标。 4.11 同一排放口排放两种或两种以上不同类别的海水源废水，且每种废水的排放浓度又不相同时，混合废水的排放浓度按附录A 计算。 4.12 海水冷却水排放水质指标最高允许排放负荷量按附录B计算。 4.13 海水冷却水排放水质指标最高允许年排放总量按附录C计算。 4.14 海水冷却水不应导致纳污水域混合区以外生物群落结构的退化和改变。 4.15 海水冷却水不应导致有毒物质在纳污水域沉积物或生物体中富集到有害的程度，即不应导致纳污水域沉积物质量不能满足GB 18668的规定，生物质量不能满足GB 18421的规定。 4.16 海水冷却水宜优先选择循环利用处置方式。 5 监测要求 5.1 企业应在表1规定的监控位置，按HJ/T 373的要求设置采样点，在污染物排放监控位置应设置排污口标志、排水量计量装置和水温监测装置。 5.2 新建企业和现有企业安装污染物排放自动监控设备的要求，按HJ/T 92的规定执行。 5.3 对海水冷却水污染物排放情况进行监测的频次和采样时间等要求，按HJ/T 92的规定执行。 5.4 企业产品产量的核定，以法定报表为依据。 5.5 企业应按照HJ/T 373的规定，对排污状况进行监测，并保存原始监测记录。 5.6 海水冷却水排放水质分析方法按表3的规定执行。 表3 海水冷却水水质分析方法 水质指标 分析方法 引用标准 悬浮物 (SS) 重量法 GB 17378.4 水温 (1)温盐深仪 (CTD)定点测温 GB/T 12763.2 (2)表层水温表法 GB 17378.4 (3)颠倒温度表法 GB 17378.4 (4)温盐深剖面仪法 HJ/T 147.6 (5)数字测温仪法 HJ/T 147.6 pH值 玻璃电极法 GB 17378.4 化学需氧量 (CODMn) 碱性高锰酸钾法 GB 17378.4 无机氮(以N计)a 氨氮 (1)靛酚蓝分光光度法 GB 17378.4 (2)次溴酸盐氧化法 GB 17378.4 (3)流动分析法 HJ/T 147.1 (4)便携式光谱仪法 HJ/T 147.1 亚硝酸盐氮 (1)萘乙二胺分光光度法 GB 17378.4 (2)流动分析法 HJ/T 147.1 (3)便携式光谱仪法 HJ/T 147.1 销酸盐氮 (1)镉柱还原法 GB 17378.4 (2)锌-镉还原法 GB/T 12763.4 (3)流动分析法 HJ/T 147.1 (4)便携式光谱仪法 HJ/T 147.1 总余氯 (1)N，N-二乙基 -1，4-苯二胺滴定法 HJ 585 2 N，N-二乙基-1，4-苯二胺分光光度法 HJ 586 总铬 (1)无火焰原子吸收分光光度法 GB 17378.4 (2)电感耦合等离子体质谱法 HJ/T 147.1 六价铬 二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法 GB 17378.4 铜 (1)无火焰原子吸收分光光度法 (连续测定铜、铅和镉 ) GB 17378.4 (2)阳极溶出伏安法(连续测定铜、铅和镉) GB 17378.4 (3)火焰原子吸收分光光度法 GB 17378.4 (4)电感耦合等离子体质谱法 HJ/T 147.1 锌 (1)电感耦合等离子体质谱法 HJ/T 147.1 (2)锌试剂分光光度法 GB/T 33584.2 (3)火焰原子吸收分光光度法 GB 17378.4 (4)阳极溶出伏安法 GB 17378.4 总磷 (1)过硫酸钾氧化法 GB/T 12763.4 (2)流动分析法 HJ/T 147.1 石油类 (1)荧光光度法 GB 17378.4 (2)紫外分光光度法 GB 17378.4 (3)重量法 GB 17378.4 急性毒性(HgCl2毒性当量) 发光细菌法 GB/T 15441 注：有多种分析方法的水质指标，在测定结果出现争议时，以方法 ⑴的测定为仲裁结果。 a无机氮=氨氮+亚硝酸盐氮+硝酸盐氮。 5.7 初始稀释度的监测按GB 18486的规定执行。 5.8 混合区的监测按GB 18486的规定执行。 6 结果判定 本标准采用单项判定法，当监测指标单项超标时，即判定为不符合排放要求。 附 录 A (规范性附录) 混合废水中污染物最高允许排放浓度的计算 海水冷却水排放口同时排放两种或两种以上海水源工业废水，且每种工业废水中同一污染物的排放标准又不同时，可采用式(A.1)计算混合排放时该污染物的最高允许排放浓度(ρM)。 (A.1) 式中： ρM——混合废水中某污染物最高允许排放浓度，单位为毫克每升(mg/L)； ρi——不同工业废水某污染物最高允许排放浓度，单位为毫克每升(mg/L)； Qi——不同工业的单位产品基准排水量，单位为立方米每兆瓦时[m3/(MW·h)]或立方米每吨(m3/t)，本标准未作规定的行业其单位产品基准排水量由地方环保部门与有关部门协商确定； Yi——i产品产量，单位为兆瓦时(MW·h)或吨(t)，以监测当月的日平均值计。 附 录 B (规范性附录) 海水冷却水中污染物最高允许排放负荷的计算 海水冷却水中污染物最高允许排放负荷按式(B.1)计算： L=ρ×Q×10-3 (B.1) 式中： L——海水冷却水中污染物最高允许排放负荷，单位为千克每兆瓦时[kg/(MW·h)]或千克每吨(kg/t)； ρ——海水冷却水中某污染物最高允许排放浓度，单位为毫克每升(mg/L)； Q——单位产品基准排水量，单位为立方米每兆瓦时[m3/(MW·h)]或立方米每吨(m3/t)。 附 录 C (规范性附录) 海水冷却水中污染物最高允许年排放总量的计算 海水冷却水中某污染物最高允许年排放总量按式(C.1)计算： G=L×Y×10-3 (C.1) 式中： G——海水冷却水中某污染物最高允许年排放量，单位为吨(t)； L——海水冷却水中某污染物最高允许排放负荷，单位为千克每兆瓦时[kg/(MW·h)]或千克每吨(kg/t)； Y——核定的产品年产量，单位为兆瓦时(MW·h)或吨(t)。