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GB/T 2423 Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods is divided into several parts according to test methods. This is Part 35 of GB/T 2423. This part is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This part replaces GB/T 2423.35-2005 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products- Part 2: Test Methods-Test Z/AFc: Combined cold/vibration(sinusoidal) tests for both heat-dissipating and non-heat-dissipating specimens, GB/T 2423.36—2005 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2: Test Methods - Test Z/BFc: Combined dry heat/vibration(vibration)(sinusoidal) tests for both heat-dissipating and non-heat-dissipating specimens, and GB/T 2424.22-1986 Basic environmental testing procedures for electric and electronic products; Guidance for combined temperature (cold and heat) vibration (sinusoidal) tests. This part integrates the contents of GB/T 2423.35-2005, GB/T 2423.36-2005 and GB/T 2424.22-1986. The following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 2423.35-2005, GB/T 2423.36-2005 and GB/T 2424.22-1986: ——the applicable scope of the test is expanded, it allows for the possibility to conduct combined test using different kinds of vibration excitation – sine, random or mixed mode – or shocks, with climatic conditions – high and low temperature, change of temperature or constant and cyclic damp heat. ——the details of the test requirements in the original standard are not described in this part. This part, by means of translation, is identical to IEC 60068-2-53: 2010 Environmental testing - Part 2-53: Tests and guidance - Combined climatic (temperature/humidity) and dynamic (vibration/shock) tests The Chinese documents identical to the normative international documents given in this part are as follows: ——GB/T 2421.1-2008 Environmental testing - General and guidance (IEC 60068-1: 1988, IDT); ——GB/T 2423.1-2008 Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Tests A: Cold (IEC 60068-2-1: 2007, IDT) ——GB/T 2423.2-2008 Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Tests B: Dry heat (IEC 60068-2-2: 2007, IDT) ——GB/T 2423.3-2016 Environmental testing - Part 2: Testing method - Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state (IEC 60068-2-78: 2012, IDT) ——GB/T 2423.4-2008 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2: Test method - Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12h+12h cycle) (IEC 60068-2-30: 2005, IDT) ——GB/T 2423.5-2008 Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test Ea and guidance: Shock (IEC 60068-2-27: 2008, IDT) ——GB/T 2423.10-2019 Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests methods - Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal) (IEC 60068-2-6: 2008, IDT) ——GB/T 2423.22-2012 Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests methods - Test N: Change of temperature (IEC 60068-2-14: 2009, IDT) ——GB/T 2423.56-2018 Environmental testing-Part 2: Test methods - Test Fh: Vibration, broadband random and guidance (IEC 60068-2-64: 2008, IDT) ——GB/T 2423.58-2008 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2: Tests -Test Fi: Vibration - Mixed Mode (IEC 60068-2-80: 2005, IDT) For the convenience of use, the following editorial changes are made in this part: ——the name of this standard is modified; ——In Table 1, “×” is replaces by “√” This part is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Electric and Electronic Product Environment Technology of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 8). The previous editions replaced by this part are as follows: ——GB/T 2423.35—1986, GB/T 2423.35—2005; ——GB/T 2423.36—1986, GB/T 2423.36—2005; ——GB/T 2424.22—1986. Introduction Equipment and components are required to function without significant reduction in performance when subjected to different environmental parameters. The type and severity of the environmental parameters depend on the operational, transport and storage environments to which the equipment and components are subjected. The environmental effects on the performance of equipments in the tropics and subtropics are totally different from those in arctic regions. Individual parameters cause a variety of different and overlapping effects on the equipment and components. The manufacturer and the user expect that equipment and components will survive the environments to which they will be subjected. This expectation may be assessed by exposure of the specimen to a range of simulated environmental parameters controlled in the laboratory. The severity of the environmental parameters is often increased to obtain meaningful results in a relatively short period of time. This allows assessment of the likely effects of applied environmental conditions. The combination of temperature, humidity and vibration occurs especially in the domains of automotive, rail and aerospace environments. Environmental testing—Part 2: Tests and guidance— Combined climatic (temperature/humidity) and dynamic (vibration/shock) test 1 Scope This part of GB/T 2423 provides the test methods and guidance for testing equipment or components under combined climatic and dynamic conditions. The purpose of combined testing is to investigate to what extent the equipment or components are affected by combined climatic and dynamic tests. The method of combined tests applies to detecting electrical, mechanical or other physical variations. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60068-1 Environmental testing—Part 1: General and guidance IEC 60068-2-1 Environmental testing—Part 2-1: Tests—Test A: Cold IEC 60068-2-2 Environmental testing—Part 2-2: Tests—Test B: Dry heat IEC 60068-2-6 Environmental testing—Part 2-6: Tests—Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal) IEC 60068-2-14 Environmental testing—Part 2-14: Tests—Test N: Change of temperature IEC 60068-2-27 Environmental testing—Part 2-27: Tests—Test Ea and guidance: Shock IEC 60068-2-30 Environmental testing—Part 2-30: Tests—Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12 h+ 12 h cycle) IEC 60068-2-64 Environmental testing—Part 2-64: Tests—Test Fh: Vibration, broadband random(digital control)and guidance IEC 60068-2-78 Environmental testing—Part 2-78: Tests Test Cab, Damp heat, steady state IEC 60068-2-80 Environmental testing—Part 2-80: Tests—Test Fi: Vibration—Mixed mode 3 Testing 3.1 General All parameters such as temperatures, cold, dry heat, temperature change, type of vibration, exposure time to temperature, exposure time to vibration, number of shocks, repetition time of shocks, axis of shock or vibration, state of operation and so on, shall be selected from the relevant IEC 60068-2 standards or relevant specification. The combinations of environmental conditions shall be selected to ensure that electrical and mechanical performances of the specimen are satisfactory under storage, transportation and operational conditions. Certain combinations of possible tests shown in Table 1 may not be practicable. Examples of these include the following: ——full sweep of sinusoidal vibration spectrum not completed during change of temperature or temperature cycling; ——temperature stabilization of dynamic non linear systems, e.g. anti-vibration mounts during vibration with change of temperature or temperature cycling; ——full cycle of mixed mode vibration during change of temperature or temperature cycling. Table 1 Allowable combinations of IEC standards Climatic tests Dynamic tests Shock IEC 60068-2-27 Vibration (sinusoidal) IEC 60068-2-6 Vibration (broad band random) IEC 60068-2-64 Vibration (mixed mode) IEC 60068-2-80 Cold IEC 60068-2-1 √ √ √ √ Dry heat IEC 60068-2-2 √ √ √ √ Change of temperature IEC 60068-2-14 √ √ √ √ Damp heat, cyclic IEC 60068-2-30 √ √ √ √ Damp heat, constant IEC 60068-2-78 √ √ √ √ Specimens may be repositioned for shock or vibration along another axis at standard climatic conditions according to IEC 60068-1, as required by the relevant specification. The dynamic test shall be continued when the required test temperature and humidity have been reached. 3.2 Temperature information If cold or dry heat temperature testing is required, the exposure time shall not commence until all parts of the specimen have reached a temperature within at least 3K of the working space temperature. For heat-dissipating specimens, the period of exposure shall not begin until the temperature of the specimens changes not more than 1K within 1h at the stabilized working space temperature. The last hour of the temperature-soaking time shall be considered to be the first hour of the exposure period. If a damp heat constant testing is required, the exposure time shall not commence until all parts of the specimen have reached a temperature within at least 3K of the temperature, and a relative humidity within 3% of the humidity, within the working space of the test chamber. For heat-dissipating specimens, the period of exposure shall not begin until the temperature of the specimens changes not more than 1K within 1h at the stabilized working space temperature. The last hour of the temperature-soaking time shall be considered to be the first hour of the exposure period. If slow temperature change test or damp heat cyclic test is performed, the required exposure time starts with the beginning of temperature change. If the specimen is mounted on shock absorbers, time shall be given for temperature stabilization of the absorber elements. 3.3 Dynamic test information The relevant specification shall contain dynamic test information, which includes following details (see also Clause 5): a) identification of dynamic test ( such as sinusoidal, random, mixed mode vibration or impact); b) severities of dynamic stress; c) axis and directions of dynamic stress; d) duration and timing of dynamic stress (see Annex A); e) IEC 60068-2-47 shall be referred to concerning mounting of specimen; f) other details specified in the reference standards. 3.4 Initial measurement and functional performance test The specimen shall be submitted to the visual, dimensional, functional and any other checks prescribed by the relevant specification. 3.5 Operating condition of specimen In the case of electrically-operated specimens, the times at which the power supply shall be powered on or off and the voltage of the power supply within each temperature cycle shall be specified in the relevant specification. The times at which other functions such as cooling, heating and various loads are switched on or off shall be stipulated in the relevant specification or controlled by a special type of test equipment. 3.6 Mechanical conditioning of specimen The mechanical conditioning of the specimen per cycle shall preferably be performed in the last hour of the hot or cold phase, i.e. prior to the changeover to the following limit temperature, or shall be performed in any other combination which can be defined in the relevant specification. If the specimen is operated by power supply, this shall be connected for the duration of the mechanical conditioning. 4 Final measurements The specimen shall be submitted to the visual, dimensional and functional checks prescribed by the relevant specification. The relevant specification shall provide the criteria upon which the acceptance or rejection of the specimen is to be based. 5 Information to be given in the relevant specification The relevant specification shall contain the following details as far as they are applicable: a) exposure time to temperature; b) test chamber temperature change rate; c) test temperature; d) number of temperature cycles; e) combined test schedule; f) vibration severity; g) number of cycles, by damp heat, cyclic; h) shock severity; i) axis and directions of shock and/or vibration; j) state of operation; k) number of specimens, l) humidity if relevant for combined test; m) preconditioning; n) type and scope of initial measurement; o) period of operation; p) type and scope of intermediate measurement; q) recovery; r) type and scope of final measurement; s) criteria for evaluation; t) type and scope of test report. 6 Information to be given in the test report When this test included in the relevant specification, the following details shall be given where applicable: a) customer (name and address); b) test laboratory (name, address and details of accreditation – if any); c) test dates (dates when test was run); d) type of test (kind of vibration or shock, cold or dry heat, slow temperature change, damp heat, cyclic or constant); e) required values (temperature, humidity, acceleration, frequency range, etc.); f) purpose of test (development, qualification, etc.); g) test standard, edition; h) relevant laboratory test procedure (code and issue); i) test specimen description (drawing, photo, quantity build status, etc.); j) test chamber and vibration system identity (manufacturer, model number, unique id, etc.); k) performance of test apparatus (set point temperature control, set point acceleration control, air flow, etc.); l) air velocity and direction (air velocity and direction of incident air to the specimen); m) uncertainties of measurement system (uncertainties data, including temperature stability of transducer sensitivities); n) Calibration data (last and next due date); o) initial, intermediate and final measurements (initial, intermediate and final measurements); p) required severities (from relevant specification); q) test severities (measuring points, data, etc.); r) performance of test specimens (results of functional tests etc.); s) observations during testing and actions taken (any pertinent observations); t) summary of test (test summary); u) distribution (distribution list). Foreword I Introduction III 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Testing 4 Final measurements 5 Information to be given in the relevant specification 6 Information to be given in the test report Annex A (informative) Examples of test sequences Annex B (informative) Guidance on combined climatic and dynamic testing Bibliography ICS 19.040 K 04 中华人民共和国国家标准 GB/T 2423.35—2019/IEC 60068-2-53:2010 代替 GB/T 2423.35—2005,GB/T 2423.36—2005,GB/T 2424.22—1986 环境试验 第2部分:试验和导则 气候(温度、湿度)和动力学(振动、冲击) 综合试验 Environmental testing—Part 2: Tests and guidance— Combined climatic (temperature/humidity) and dynamic (vibration/shock) tests [IEC 60068-2-53:2010,Environmental testing—Part 2-53: Tests and guidance—Combined climatic (temperature/humidity) and dynamic (vibration/shock) tests,IDT] 2019-06-04 发布 2020-01-01 实施 国家市场监督管理总局 中国国家标准化管理委员会 发布 前言 GB/T 2423《环境试验 第2部分》按试验方法分为若干部分。 本部分为GB/T 2423的第35部分。 本部分按照GB/T 1.1—2009给出的规则起草。 本部分代替GB/T 2423.35—2005《电工电子产品环境试验 第2部分:试验方法 试验Z/AFc:散热和非散热试验样品的低温/振动(正弦)综合试验》、GB/T 2423.36—2005《电工电子产品坏境试验 第2部分:试验方法 试验Z/BFc:散热和非散热试验样品的高温/振动(正弦)综合试验》和GB/T 2424.22—1986《电工电子产品基本环境试验规程 温度(低温、高温)和振动(正弦)综合试验导则》。本部分整合了GB/T 2423.35—2005、GB/T 2423.36—2005、GB/T 2424.22—1986的内容,与其相比,主要技术变化如下: ——扩大了试验的适用范围,可以使不同的振动激励(正弦、随机、混合模式或冲击)与不同的气候条件(低温、高温、温度变化和恒定或交变湿热)进行综合试验。 ——对于原标准的对试验要求的具体细节,本部分不再详细叙述。 本部分使用翻译法等同采用IEC 60068-2-53:2010《环境试验 第2-53部分:试验和导则 气候(温度/湿度)和动力学(振动/冲击)综合试验》。 与本部分中规范性引用的国际文件有一致性对应关系的我国文件如下: ——GB/T 2421.1—2008电工电子产品环境试验概述和指南(IEC 60068-1:1988,IDT); ——GB/T 2423.1—2008电工电子产品环境试验 第2部分:试验方法 试验A:低温(IEC 60068-2-1:2007,IDT); ——GB/T 2423.2—2008电工电子产品环境试验 第2部分:试验方法 试验B:高温(IEC 60068-2-2:2007,IDT); ——GB/T 2423.3—2016环境试验 第2部分:试验方法 试验Cab:恒定湿热试验(IEC 60068-2-78:2012,IDT); ——GB/T 2423.4—2008电工电子产品环境试验 第2部分:试验方法 试验Db:交变湿热(12h+12h循环)(IEC 60068-2-30:2005,IDT); ——GB/T 2423.5—2019环境试验 第2部分:试验方法 试验Ea和导则:冲击(IEC 60068-2-27:2008,IDT); ——GB/T 2423.10—2019环境试验 第2部分:试验方法 试验Fc:振动(正弦)(IEC 60068-2-6:2007,IDT); ——GB/T 2423.22—2012电工电子产品环境试验 第2部分:试验方法 试验N:温度变化(IEC 60068-2-14:2009,IDT); ——GB/T 2423.56—2018环境试验 第2部分:试验方法 试验Fh:宽带随机振动和导则(IEC 60068-2-64:2008,IDT); ——GB/T 2423.58—2008电工电子产品 环境试验 第2-80部分:试验方法试验Fi:振动混合模式(IEC 60068-2-80:2005,IDT)。 为便于使用,本部分做了下列编辑性修改: ——修改了标准名称。 ——表1中用“√”代替了“×”。 本部分由全国电工电子产品环境条件与环境试验标准化技术委员会(SAC/TC 8)提出并归口。 本部分所代替标准的历次版本发布情况为: ——GB/T 2423.35—1986,GB/T 2423.35—2005; ——GB/T 2423.36—1986,GB/T 2423.36—2005; ——GB/T 2424.22—1986。 引言 当处于不同环境条件下,规定设备和组件的性能不出现明显的下降。 对设备和组件试验的环境的类型和严酷度取决于工作、运输和储存环境,环境对设备的影响在热带、亚热带地区与北极区是完全不同的,个别参数对设备和组件会引起很大变化或重叠效应。生产商和使用者都希望设备和组件能够耐受产品所经历的各种环境。为了在相对较短的时间内获得明显的结果,通过提高环境条件的严酷度等级,可在较短的时间内在实验室内通过将样品暴露在一定范围环境条件下进行评估,因此,可以通过施加相似环境条件而估计出接近实际的试验效果。 尤其在汽车、轨道交通和航空航天领域,都存在温度、湿度和振动的综合环境。 环境试验 第2部分:试验和导则 气候(温度、湿度)和动力学(振动、冲击) 综合试验 1范围 GB/T 2423的本部分提供了对设备或组件进行气候和动力学综合试验的方法和导则。 综合试验的用途是调查设备或组件受到气候和动力学综合试验影响的程度。 本综合试验方法适用于检查电的、机械的或其他物理的变化。 2规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 IEC 60068-1 环境试验 第1部分:概述和指南(Environmental testing—Part 1:General and guidance) IEC 60068-2-1 环境试验 第2-1部分:试验方法 试验A:低温(Environmental testing—Part 2-1:Tests-Test A:Cold) IEC 60068-2-2 环境试验 第2-2部分:试验方法 试验B:高温(Environmental testing—Part 2-2:Tests—Test B:Dry heat) IEC 60068-2-6 环境试验 第2-6部分:试验方法 试验Fc:振动(正弦)[Environmental testing—Part 2-6:Tests—Test Fc:Vibration(sinusoidal)] IEC 60068-2-14 环境试验 第2-14部分:试验方法 试验N:温度变化(Environmental testing—Part 2-14:Tests—Test N:Change of temperature) IEC 60068-2-27 环境试验 第2-27部分:试验方法 试验Ea和导则:冲击(Environmental tes-ting—Part 2-27:Tests—Test Ea and guidance:Shock) IEC 60068-2-30 环境试验 第2-30部分:试验方法 试验Db:交变湿热(12 h+12 h循环)(Environmental testing—Part 2-30:Tests—Test Db:Damp heat,cyclic(12 h+ 12 h cycle)) IEC 60068-2-64 环境试验 第2-64部分:试验方法 试验Fh:振动,宽带随机(数字控制)和导则[Environmental testing—Part 2-64:Tests—Test Fh:Vibration,broadband random(digital control)and guidance] IEC 60068-2-78 环境试验 第2-78部分:试验方法 试验Cab:恒定湿热试验(Environmental testing—Part 2-78:Tests Test Cab,Damp heat,steady state) IEC 60068-2-80 环境试验 第2-80部分:试验方法 试验Fi:振动 混合模式(Environmental testing—Part 2-80:Tests—Test Fi:Vibration—Mixed mode) 3试验 3.1总则 试验的参数包括温度、低温、干热、温度变化、振动类型、温度暴露时间、振动持续时间、冲击次数、冲击重复时间、振动或冲击的轴向、工作状态等,可以在IEC 60068-2的有关部分或有关规范中选择。 选择环境条件时,应使样品在所选择的储存、运输和使用条件下,保持电性能和机械性能完好。 表1给出了一些综合试验,其中可能无法实行的列举如下: ——在温度变化或温度循环中,正弦振动扫频可能不能完整完成; ——动力学非线性系统的温度稳定,例如:抗振装置的温度变化或温度循环的振动试验; ——在温度变化或温度循环中,混合模式振动试验的完整循环。 表1 IEC 标准认可的综合试验 气候试验 动力学试验 冲击 IEC 60068-2-27 振动(正弦) IEC 60068-2-6 振动(宽带随机) IEC 60068-2-64 振动(混合模式) IEC 60068-2-80 低温 IEC 60068-2-1 √ √ √ √ 高温 IEC 60068-2-2 √ √ √ √ 温度变化 IEC 60068-2-14 √ √ √ √ 湿热循环 IEC 60068-2-30 √ √ √ √ 稳态湿热 IEC 60068-2-78 √ √ √ √ 在符合IEC 60068-1的标准气候条件下,有关规范可以规定试验样品在冲击或振动试验时变换轴向。当达到试验所需的温度和湿度时,应继续动力学测试。 3.2 温度的信息 如果规定进行低温或高温试验,暴露时间的计算从样品所有部位温度与工作空间温度相差达到3K开始。对散热型样品,除非样品在恒温的工作空间中,温度在1h内变化不超过1 K,否则不开始计时。达到温度浸透的最后1小时时间应视为暴露期间的第1小时。 如果规定恒定湿热试验,样品的任何部分的温度在试验箱工作空间温度3 K和相对湿度3%以内时,开始计算暴露时间 对散热型样品,在恒温的工作空间内,样品在1h内温度变化不超过1 K,才开始暴露计时。达到温度浸透的最后1小时时间应视为暴露期间的第1小时 如果进行慢速温度变化试验或湿热循环试验,规定试验的暴露时间从温度变化开始时计算。 如果受试样品安装在冲击减震器上,试验则应在减震部件温度稳定后开始计时。 3.3动力学试验信息 有关规范应包含试验的动力学信息,包括以下详细内容(也可参见第5章): a)动力学试验的特征(如正弦、随机、混合模式振动或冲击); b)动力学应力的严酷度等级; c)动力学应力的轴线和方向; d)动力学应力的持续时间和计时(参见附录A); e)受试样品安装应参考IEC 60068-2-47; f)相关标准规定的其他细节。 3.4 初始测量和功能试验 应对受试样品进行目视检查、尺寸、功能和有关规范规定的其他检查。 3.5 样品的工作条件 带电工作的样品,有关规范应规定在每个温度循环中的供电电源开或关的时刻和供电电压。 其他功能,如在制冷、加热和各种负载条件,开或关的时刻,都应在有关规范中规定,或由专用的试验设备进行控制。 3.6 样品的机械条件 样品每个循环的机械条件试验更适宜在高温段或低温段的最后1小时进行,例如,在达到极限温度之前,或将要进行有关规范规定的另一种综合试验之前。如果受试样品由电源供电工作,那么在机械条件过程中应保持连接状态。 4最终测试 应对受试样品进行目视、尺寸、功能和有关规范规定的其他检查。 有关规范应提供受试样品接收或拒收的判据。 5有关规范应给出的信息 只要适用,有关规范应包含下列内容: a)温度条件下的暴露的时间; b)试验箱的温度变化速率; c)试验温度; d)温度循环数; e)综合试验进程表; f)振动试验严酷度等级; g)湿热循环的循环数, h)冲击试验的严酷度等级; i)冲击和/或振动试验的轴线和方向; j)工作状态; k)受试样品的数量; l)湿度,如果有相应的综合试验; m)预处理; n)初始测量的类型和范围; o)工作时间; p)中间测量的类型和范围; q)恢复; r)最终测量的类型和范围; s)评估标准; t)试验报告的类型和范围。 6 试验报告应给出的信息 当有关规范采用本试验时,规范的编写者就应按下述各项提供材料: a)客户(姓名和地址); b)实验室(姓名、地址和其他资质证明信息); c)试验日期(试验进行的日期); d)试验类型(振动或冲击的种类,低温或高温、温度缓变、湿热的循环或恒定); e)规定值(温度、湿度、加速度、频率范围等); f)试验目的(研制、鉴定试验等); g)标准编号,版本; h)相关的实验室程序(编码和版本); i)受试样品描述(图纸、照片、数量组成情况等); j)试验箱和振动系统标识(生产商、型号、唯一性标识等); k)试验设备的性能(设置点温度控制、设置点加速度控制、空气流等); l)风速和方向(有可能吹向受试样品的风速和方向); m)测量系统的不确定度(不确定度数据,包括传感器的灵敏度的温度稳定性); n)校准日期(最后和下次应校准日期); o)初始、中间和最终测量(初始、中间和最终测量); p)规定的严酷等级(来自有关规范); q)试验严酷度(测量点、数据等); r)受试样品的性能(功能试验的结果等); s)试验中观察到的信息和所采取的措施(所有相关观察); t)试验摘要(试验摘要); u)发放(发放清单)。 附录A (资料性附录) 试验顺序示例 图A.1~图A.4给出了气候条件(温度和/或湿度)、动力学条件(振动或冲击)和电负荷条件综合的顺序。 温度 震动或冲击 开启 关闭 负载 开启 关闭 说明: T ——规定的温度; t1 ——温度未稳定时期; t2~t13——温度稳定时期; t2~t6,t8~t10,t12——任意类型的振动或冲击时间; t3,t5,t7,t9,t11——电负荷或功能检测时刻。 图A.1 有低温或湿热试验的顺序示例 温度 振动或冲击 开启 关闭 负载 开启 关闭 说明: T1——规定的低温; T2——规定的高温; t1——温度未稳定时间; t2——温度从T1变化到T2,未稳定的时间; t3、t4——高温稳定温度时间; t5——温度从T2变化到T1时间 t6、t7——低温稳定温度时间; t8——温度从T1变化到T2时间; t9,t10——高温稳定温度时间; t11——温度从T2变化时间; t12、t13——低温稳定温度时间; t2~t6,t8~t10,t12——任意类型的振动或冲击时间; t3,t5,t7,t9,t11——电负荷或功能检测时间。 图A.2 带温度慢变的试验顺序示例 说明: rh——规定的相对湿度; T1——规定的低温; T2——规定的高温; t1——温度和湿度未稳定时间; t2、t3——温度从T1变化到T2时间; t4~t7——高温稳定温度时间; t8、t9——温度从T2变化到T1时间; t10~t13——低温稳定温度时间; t3、t4,t7~t9,t11——任意类型的振动或冲击时间; t3,t5,t7,t9,t11——电负荷或功能检测时机。 注:在温度变化过程中湿度并不保持稳定。在到达下一-步骤前重新稳定在3%内。 图A.3带湿热循环的试验顺序示例 说明: rh——规定的相对湿度; t——规定的温度; t1——温度和湿度未稳定时间段; t2~t3,t7~t8,t11~t12 ——施加任意类型的振动或冲击时间段; t3,t5,t7,t9,t11——电负荷或功能检测时机。 图A.4有恒定湿热的试验顺序示例 附录B (资料性附录) 气候和动力学综合试验导则 B.1总则 本导则基于IEC 60068的不同部分,为温度和/或湿度与振动或冲击综合试验的应用提供了基本的解释。 综合试验时,IEC 60068-1《环境试验 第1部分:概述和指南》应与IEC 60068-2中相关部分的优选参量一起使用。 B.2试验过程应考虑因素 对于综合试验,有必要用较高的风速,因为: a)散去来自振动台的热; b)受试样品周围的空气环流可能因振动台的存在而减弱。 B.3环境条件 低温、高温以及振动对材料的影响如下: a)低温和高温都可以改变材料的性能。此外,振动则可以加剧损伤。由不同的材料或黏性材料、弹性材料构成的设备,在温度、湿度、振动综合试验中可能非常敏感。 b)在极端温度下,特征频率可能发生变化,从而导致振动放大。在低温下橡胶弹性材料的减震器的特性会发生明显变化。 B.4 试验设备 可以用不同的试验设备进行温度、湿度和振动的综合试验。典型的是在电动振动台的上面加装一个气候试验箱(见图B.1)或将电动振动台放在气候试验箱内。 如果将气候试验箱置于电动振动台上,可用振动台台面将台体与气候试验箱进行热隔离。隔热部件不准许产生附加振动。振动台与试验箱间不准许存在机械耦合,避免导致试验箱被损坏。 B.5环境条件的测量 B.5.1 温度的测量 测量温度的装置应能经受高量值应力。因此,温度传感器应安装牢固,而且不改变样品的动力学特性。 B.5.2 加速度的测量 加速度计和电缆应能经受规定的温度和湿度。加速度计应在所有需要的温度上进行校准,因为其灵敏度将随温度而变化。如果这个变化不是线性的,应按照适用的振动或冲击试验标准,考虑振动幅值容差。如果加速度计的灵敏度随温度变化,建议采取适当的补偿机制。否则,在适用的振动试验标准中,加速度容差可能超出规定。应在试验报告中作相应记录。 加速度计的固定材料应在整个试验的温度和湿度范围内保持其物理特性。 试验箱壁 受试样品 隔膜 热隔离 振动台 图B.1 典型试验装置示意 参考文献 [1]IEC 60068-2-33 Environmental testing—Part 2-33:Tests—Guidance on change of temperature tests [2]IEC 60068-2-47 Environmental testing—Part 2-47:Tests—Mounting of specimens for vibration,impact and similar dynamic tests [3]ISO 16750(all parts)Road vehicles—Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment
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