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Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard replaces GB/T 18164-2008 Specifications of amusement rides wonder wheel category. In addition to editorial changes, the following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 18164-2008: ——The scope is modified (see clause 1; clause 1 of Edition 2008); ——The clause “Terms and definitions” is added (see clause 3); ——The requirements for risk assessment are added (see 5.1); ——The technical requirements for the following aspects are added: pedestal, wind load, and falling object prevention, connection of decorations at high heights, redundant braking device or mechanical locking device, anti-skid measures of the floor, the synchronously operated platform that facilitate boarding and alighting, slewing bearing connection, horizontal movement of the cabin, tolerance and error compensation of the axis position of the rotating arm of Type D wonder wheel, measures for reducing the duration of idle swing of the cabin, strength check of output shaft of driving device for Type C wonder wheel, and waterproofing measures for the cars of Types A and B wonder wheels (see 5.2); ——The technical requirements are added for tie-down safety device, lever locking device, blocking structure of the seat, car door lock, safety and warning signs of cars, car structure of Types A and B wonder wheels, measures to prevent car door pinching, etc. (see 5.3); ——The technical requirements are added for fail-safe principle, motor capacity verification, sensor protection, starting-up interlock function, lightning protection device, video surveillance system, communication transmission system, bias loading and stall prevention, electrical control system of ancillary facilities, standby power supply for Types A and B wonder wheels, smoke alarm, etc. (see 5.4); ——The technical requirements are added for emergency rescue standby power supply, emergency generator, independent rescue equipment, rescue linkage mechanism, etc. (see 5.5); ——The technical requirements are added for metal structure protection, paint film adhesion, hot (dip) galvanizing, etc. (see 5.6); ——The technical requirements are added for appearance, test on main technical parameters, stress test and operation test (see 5.7); ——The clause "Requirements for inspection, detection and test" is added (see clause 6); ——The clause “Accompanying documents, marking, packaging, transport and storage” is added (see clause 7). This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of SAC/TC 250 the National Technical Committee on Ropeway and Entertainment Facilities of Standardization Administration of China. The previous editions of this standard are as follows: ——GB/T 18164-2000 and GB/T 18164-2008. Specifications of amusement rides wonder wheel category 1 Scope This standard specifies the general principles, technical requirements, requirements for inspection, detection and test, accompanying documents, marking, packaging, transport and storage of wonder wheel type of amusement rides. This standard is applicable to wonder wheel type of amusement rides. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 191 Packaging - Pictorial marking for handling of goods GB/T 755 Rotating electrical machines - Rating and performance GB/T 1184-1996 Geometrical tolerancing - Geometrical tolerances for features without individual tolerance indications GB/T 1804-2000 General tolerances - Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual tolerance indications GB 8408 Large-scale amusement device safety code GB/T 8923 (All parts) Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products - Visual assessment of surface cleanliness GB/T 9286-1998 Paints and varnishes - Cross cut test for films GB/T 13384 General specifications for packing of mechanical and electrical product GB/T 13912 Metallic coatings - Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles - Specifications and test methods GB/T 16855.1 Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1: General principles for design GB/T 20306 Amusement devices terminology GB/T 20438 (All parts) Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems GB/T 28265-2012 Safeguard specifications of amusement rides GB/T 34370 (All parts) Nondestructive testing of amusement equipments GB/T 34371 Risk assessment for amusement ride - General principles GB 50057 Code for design protection of structures against lightning GB 50222-2017 Code for fire prevention in design of interior decoration of buildings MH/T 6012-2015 Aeronautical obstacle light 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 20306 and the following apply. 3.1 wonder wheel with main axis type wonder wheel type of amusement ride whose bearing frame is composed of pillars and is equipped with a supporting shaft for the large turning plate (which is equipped with a number of cars) to rotate about Note: See Annex A, Figure A.1. 3.2 wonder wheel without main axis type wonder wheel type of amusement ride with an enclosed guide rail fixed on the building structure in the vertical plane, and with the cars distributed on and operating along the guide rail Note: See Figure A.2. 3.3 pendulum type wonder wheel type of amusement ride whose bearing frame is composed of tilt columns and is equipped with a supporting shaft for the swinging boom to swing or rotate about, and the swinging boom is equipped with cabins at its lower end, which may rotate about or may be fixed to it Note: See Figure A.3. 3.4 top spin type wonder wheel type of amusement ride whose bearing frame in the vertical plane is equipped with supporting shafts (half shafts or through shafts) on the inside, and each supporting shaft is equipped with a rotating arm, one end of which is connected to a cabin that can rotate forward and backward with the rotating arm while swinging freely; if the rotating arm is equipped with a pivoting joint, the two arms may rotate asynchronously, and the cabins can twist along any direction Note: See Figure A.4. 3.5 time and space shuttle type wonder wheel type of amusement ride whose vertical pillar is equipped with a supporting shaft which is installed with a rotating arm which can rotate forward and backward and is connected to a cabin at one end; the cabin may be fixed to the rotating arm or swing from side to side Note: See Figure A.5. 3.6 flying carpet type wonder wheel type of amusement ride whose cabin is connected to one end of the rotating arm, and performs translational movement with the swinging arm around the supporting shaft, while rotating in forward and backward directions Note: The rotating arm is generally of double-arm or four-arm type, and the supporting vertical pillar is of double-pillar or four-pillar type accordingly (see Figure A.6). 3.7 pendulum loop type wonder wheel type of amusement ride whose supporting shaft is installed on the upper end of the vertical pillar and is stretched out and equipped with rotating arms on both ends; one end of the rotating arm is connected to a cabin, which, either fixed to the swinging arm or rotating about it, drives the rotating arm to rotate along the fixed annular inner slideway and can rotate in the forward and backward directions Note: See Figure A.7. 3.8 other type wonder wheel type of amusement ride other than those defined in 3.1 to 3.7, but with the rider cabin rotating or swinging about the horizontal axis and moving in a similar manner 3.9 fail-safe mode designed to avoid bigger failures or accidents, under which, if the equipment fails, its control system or mechanical mechanism can maintain the safe state or change to the safe state 3.10 height vertical distance from the installation base surface to the highest point of the equipment body when the equipment stops running, excluding lightning rods and decorations 3.11 single point of failure part, structural connection point or electrical element on the amusement ride, of which the failure will lead to failure of the entire equipment or endanger the safety of riders 4 General principles 4.1 The design, manufacture, installation, reconstruction, repair, test and inspection, as well as marking, packaging, transport and storage for wonder wheel type of amusement rides shall meet the relevant requirements of GB 8408 and of this standard. 4.2 The common types and main technical parameters for wonder wheel type of amusement rides should be selected according to Table 1. Table 1 Main technical parameters for common types of wonder wheel type of amusement rides Type code Type name Main technical parameters Typical equipment A Wonder wheel with main axis type Height, number of cabins, swing diameter, capacity of each cabin and rotating speed Traditional wonder wheel B Wonder wheel without main axis type Height, number of cabins, swing diameter, capacity of each cabin and rotating speed Wonder wheel without axis C Pendulum type Height, number of cabins, swing diameter, capacity of each cabin, acceleration and unilateral swinging angle Big swing hammer and pirate ship D Top spin type Height, swing diameter, capacity of each cabin, rotating speed and acceleration Top spin, splash spin E Time and space shuttle type Height, number of cabins, swing diameter, capacity of each cabin, rotating speed and acceleration Time and space shuttle, scream ride F Flying carpet type Height, swing diameter, capacity of each cabin, rotating speed and acceleration Two-arm flying carpet, four-arm flying carpet G Pendulum loop type Height, swing diameter, capacity of each cabin, rotating speed and acceleration Pendulum loop H Other type Height, number of cabins, swing diameter, capacity of each cabin, rotating speed, acceleration, dip angle (swinging angle) Swinging wonder wheel 5 Technical requirements 5.1 Basic requirements 5.1.1 The design documents for wonder wheel type of amusement rides shall at least include design specifications, design calculation, instructions for use and maintenance, risk assessment reports, design verification outline and a complete set of design drawings conforming to relevant national standards. 5.1.2 Risk assessment shall be carried out for wonder wheel type of amusement rides in accordance with GB/T 34371 during the design. The assessment shall also be carried out for wonder wheel type of amusement rides that need to be reconstructed and that continue to be used after the service life of the complete machine expires. Risk assessment shall be carried out from the aspects such as stressed structure and stressed components, electrical control system and components, operating environment of equipment, obstacles around equipment, human factors, unexpected factors and emergency rescue, and single point of failure shall be identified. In the design phase, unacceptable risks shall be avoided and there shall be free of single point of failure that may not be detected or monitored. 5.1.3 Critical shafts (pins) that are difficult to be inspected and detected on wonder wheel type of amusement rides shall be designed with infinite life. 5.2 Machinery and structure 5.2.1 Where the pedestal is connected by flange, the percentage of contact spots on the installation contact surface shall not be less than 70% and the maximum clearance at the edge of the installation contact surface shall not be greater than 1 mm. 5.2.2 The joint between each pedestal and foundation of Type C wonder wheel should be provided with a structure resistant to transverse shear or corresponding measures. 5.2.3 When calculating extreme wind for the structure of wonder wheel type of amusement rides, the wind load with a return period of at least 50 years in the permitted place of use shall be adopted, with the wind directions vertical to and parallel with the surface of the turning plate taken into account. For coastal and typhoon regions, the wind load with a return period of 100 years should be adopted. 5.2.4 Where the height of Types A and B wonder wheels is no less than 40m, the ice load shall be taken into account based on the design service environment when calculating the live load applied to the components of the complete machine. The maximum allowable wind speed and ground roughness shall be clearly specified in the instructions for use and maintenance of Types A and B wonder wheels. Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 General principles 5 Technical requirements 5.1 Basic requirements 5.2 Machinery and structure 5.3 Carrying system 5.4 Electrical control system 5.5 Emergency rescue 5.6 Surface protection 5.7 Complete machine 6 Requirements for inspection, detection and test 6.1 General requirements 6.2 Machinery and structures 6.3 Carrying system 6.4 Electrical control system 6.5 Emergency rescue 6.6 Surface protection 6.7 Complete machine 7 Accompanying documents, marking, packaging, transport and storage 7.1 Accompanying documents and marking 7.2 Packaging, transport and storage Annex A (Informative) Schematic diagram of common types of wonder wheel type of amusement rides Annex B (Informative) Examples of common critical shafts (pins) and critical welds Annex C (Informative) Schematic diagram of maximum space height of car 观览车类游乐设施通用技术条件 1 范围 本标准规定了观览车类游乐设施的总则,技术要求,检验、检测与试验要求,随机文件、标志、包装、运输和贮存。 本标准适用于观览车类游乐设施。 2规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB/T 191 包装储运图示标志 GB/T 755 旋转电机定额和性能 GB/T 1184—1996 形状和位置公差 未注公差值 GB/T 1804—2000一般公差 未注公差的线性和角度尺寸的公差 GB 8408大型游乐设施安全规范 GB/T 8923(所有部分)涂覆涂料前钢材表面处理 表面清洁度的目视评定 GB/T 9286—1998 色漆和清漆 漆膜的划格试验 GB/T 13384机电产品包装通用技术条件 GB/T 13912金属覆盖层 钢铁制件热浸镀锌层技术要求及试验方法 GB/T 16855.1机械安全 控制系统安全相关部件 第1部分:设计通则 GB/T 20306 游乐设施术语 GB/T 20438(所有部分)电气、电子、可编程电子安全相关系统的功能安全 GB/T 28265—2012 游乐设施安全防护装置通用技术条件 GB/T 34370(所有部分)游乐设施 无损检测 GB/T 34371 游乐设施风险评价 总则 GB 50057建筑物防雷设计规范 GB 50222—2017建筑内部装修设计防火规范 MH/T 6012—2015 航空障碍灯 3术语和定义 GB/T 20306界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 有主轴摩天轮型wonder wheel with main axis type 由立柱组成的支承架上装有支承轴,大转盘绕支承轴旋转,大转盘上装有多个轿厢随转盘一起旋转的观览车类游乐设施。 注:参见.附录A图A.1。 3.2 无主轴摩天轮型wonder wheel without main axis type 封闭导轨固定于垂直面内的建筑结构上,轿厢分布于导轨并可沿导轨运行的观览车类游乐设施。 注:参见图A.2。 3.3 摆锤型pendulum type 由倾斜柱组成的支承架上装有支承轴,摆动吊臂绕支承轴来回摆动或旋转,吊臂下端装有座舱,座舱绕摆动吊臂旋转,或与吊臂固定的观览车类游乐设施。 注:参见图A.3。 3.4 邀游太空型top spin type 垂直平面内的支承架内侧装有支承轴(半轴或通轴),支承轴上各装有回转臂,回转臂一端与座舱连接。座舱可随同回转臂正反方向旋转,同时可自由摆动。当回转臂装有摆动关节时,两个臂可不同步转动,座舱随之上下左右扭动的观览车类游乐设施。 注:参见图A.4。 3.5 时空穿梭型time and space shuttle type 垂直立柱上端装有支承轴,支承轴上装有回转臂,回转臂一端与座舱连接,回转臂可正反向旋转,座舱与回转臂固定或可左右摆动的观览车类游乐设施。 注:参见图A.5。 3.6 飞毯型 flying carpet type 座舱与回转臂一端连接,随回转臂绕支承轴作平移运动,可作正反向转动的观览车类游乐设施。 注:回转臂一般为双臂或四臂,对应支承立柱为双柱或四柱(参见图A.6)。 3.7 摩天环车型pendulum loop type 垂直立柱上端装有支承轴,支承轴两端伸出分别装有回转臂,回转臂一端为座舱。座舱沿固定环形内滑道驱动回转臂旋转,可正反方向旋转。座舱与回转臂固定或可绕其转动的观览车类游乐设施。 注:参见图A.7。 3.8 其他型 other type 设备乘人部分绕水平轴回转或摆动及运动形式类似,但不属于3.1~3.7定义的观览车类游乐设施。 3.9 故障-安全 fail-safe 设备出现故障后,其控制系统或机械机构能够维持安全状态或向安全状态转移,以避免出现更大故障或事故的模式。 3.10 高度height 设备停止运行时从安装基面至设备本体最高点之间的垂直距离,不含避雷针和装饰物。 3.11 单一失效点single point of failure 游乐设施上的一个零件、结构连接点或电气元件,其失效将会导致整个设备失效或严重危及乘客安全。 4 总则 4.1 观览车类游乐设施的设计、制造、安装、改造、修理、试验和检验、标志、包装、运输和贮存应满足GB 8408的有关规定和本标准的相关要求。 4.2 观览车类游乐设施常见型式和主要技术参数宜按表1选取。 表1 观览车类常见型式主要技术参数 型式 代号 型式名称 主要技术参数 典型设备 A 有主轴摩天轮型 高度、座舱数量、回转直径、单舱承载人数、转速 传统摩天轮 B 无主轴摩天轮型 高度、座舱数量、回转直径、单舱承载人数、转速 无轴摩天轮 C 摆锤型 高度、座舱数量、回转直径、单舱承载人数、加速度、单侧摆角 大摆锤、海盗船 D 遨游太空型 高度、回转直径、单舱承载人数、转速、加速度 遨游太空、波浪翻滚 E 时空穿梭型 高度、座舱数量、回转直径、单舱承载人数、转速、加速度 时空穿梭、狂呼 F 飞毯型 高度、回转直径、单舱承载人数、转速、加速度 双臂飞毯、四臂飞毯 G 摩天环车型 高度、回转直径、单舱承载人数、转速、加速度 摩天环车 H 其他型 高度、座舱数量、回转直径、单舱承载人数、转速、加速度、倾角(或摆角) 摇摆观览车 5 技术要求 5.1 基本要求 5.1.1 观览车类游乐设施的设计文件应至少包括设计说明书、设计计算书、使用维护说明书、风险评价报告、设计验证大纲及符合国家相关标准的全套设计图纸。 5.1.2观览车类游乐设施设计阶段应按GB/T 34371进行风险评价,需要改造的或整机使用年限到期后仍继续使用的观览车类游乐设施也应进行风险评价。风险评价应分别从受力结构与受力零部件、电气控制系统与部件、设备运行环境、设备周围障碍物、人为因素、意外因素、应急救援等方面进行,并对单一失效点进行辨识。设计阶段应避免不可接受的风险,不应有不可检测或监测的单一失效点。 5.1.3观览车类游乐设施难以检验检测的重要轴(销轴)应按无限寿命设计。 5.2机械及结构 5.2.1 柱脚采用法兰连接时,安装接触面的接触斑点百分率应不少于70%且安装接触面边缘最大间隙不应大于1 mm。 5.2.2 C型观览车各柱脚与基础连接处宜设有抗横向剪力的结构或有相应的措施。 5.2.3观览车类游乐设施结构在计算极限风时,至少取允许使用地50年一遇的风载,风向应考虑垂直转盘面和平行转盘面的两个方向。对于海边和有台风的地区,宜按照100年一遇风载选取。 5.2.4 A型、B型观览车高度不小于40 m时,整机构件的活载荷计算应根据设计使用环境考虑裹冰载荷。A型、B型观览车的使用维护说明书中应明确允许的最大风速及地面粗糙度。 5.2.5 A型、B型观览车高度不小于40 m时,应进行安装验算。 5.2.6 主体支承轴实际轴心线与其理论轴心线的平行度偏差应不大于两支承中心距离设计值的1/1 500。 5.2.7 A型观览车采用垂直立柱结构支承时,立柱中心线与水平面的垂直度偏差不大于设计值的1/1 000。 5.2.8 A型观览车两立柱上转盘支承轴轴承或回转支承中心的距离与其设计值的偏差不大于1/1 000。 5.2.9 A型观览车转盘上驱动环的径向圆跳动和端面圆跳动偏差不大于驱动环直径的1/1 500。 5.2.10 A型观览车采用销齿轮传动时,销齿轮径向圆和端面圆跳动偏差不应大于销柱齿轮节圆直径的1/2 000,齿轮应安装误差补偿装置。 5.2.11 C型观览车主轴中心线水平度及主轴与摆臂的垂直度不大于1/1 000。 5.2.12 A型观览车转盘轮辐采用部分或全部缆索结构时,缆索应调节适度,不应有弯曲、垂曲等明显松弛的现象,缆索之间不应相互接触。上半圆位置的缆索在满载和15 m/s的风载下应大于最小设计拉力。 5.2.13 A型观览车停运时,应设有限制转盘因风载荷而产生转动和横向移动的装置。 5.2.14 A型、B型观览车运行过程中,应无明显打滑(下滑)现象。 5.2.15 A型、B型观览车转盘垂直投影下方宜设置防高空坠物设施或人员隔离设施。 5.2.16观览车类游乐设施各主要受力结构及高空装饰物应连接牢固。 5.2.17观览车类游乐设施各可动部件应运动平稳、灵活,不应有明显的抖动、爬行、卡滞、跳动、异响等现象。 5.2.18上下乘客时有溜车可能的观览车类游乐设施,应有冗余的制动装置或机械锁定装置,座舱不应有危及乘客上下的摆动。 5.2.19辅助上下客的同步站台应运行平稳可靠,相对运行速度不大于0.3 m/s。 5.2.20频繁换向的C型、D型、E型、F型观览车回转支承的连接应设置可靠的定位措施。 5.2.21 A型、B型观览车的偏载工况的计算,应考虑最大设计风速为15 m/s且连续满载轿厢数为总轿厢数的1/4和3/4的正常运行情况以及1/2的非正常运行情况。 5.2.22 A型观览车摩擦轮驱动系统应设驱动轮压紧装置。转盘直径大于40 m的A型观览车宜采用随动系统压紧装置。其他类型观览车,当采用充气轮胎摩擦轮驱动时,摩擦轮胎对摩擦盘的压力应可调整,保证驱动、制动有效。 5.2.23 D型观览车左、右回转臂轴线的同轴度及回转法兰安装面与地面的垂直度不大于1/1 000。 5.2.24 E型、G型观览车,由于轴承游隙或回转支承虚位造成的座舱横向游动量应小于摆臂回转半径的1/1 000。 5.2.25 D型观览车转臂与座舱连接处设置补偿功能,以保证两臂运行自如。 5.2.26 D型观览车旋转臂与座舱臂连接采用十字节结构时,宜采用整体锻造结构。 5.2.27 C型、D型、E型观览车停止运行或失电时应设有防止座舱空摆次数过多的措施,空摆时间不应超过5 min。 5.2.28 F型观览车类游乐设施摆臂的上、下轴孔中心线距离尺寸应保持一致,线性尺寸偏差值应不低于GB/T 1804—2000中规定的m级(中等级),摆臂上、下轴孔中心线平行度、垂直度应不低于GB/T 1184—1996中10级精度要求。 5.2.29 F型观览车类游乐设施载人平台与摆臂连接轴中心线平行度应不低于GB/T 1184—1996中10级精度要求,两轴中心线距离尺寸应与对应的立柱主轴中心线距离尺寸一致,线性尺寸偏差值应不低于GB/T 1804—2000中规定的m级(中等级)。当采用四个连接点时,平台两端的每一对连接轴应同心。 5.2.30 F型观览车类游乐设施立柱上的支承轴(两轴或四轴)应在同一水平面上,偏差应小于被测值的1/1 000。支承轴轴心线平行度、垂直度应不低于GB/T 1184—1996中11级精度要求。四轴时,位于同一轴心线的两个半轴的同轴度应不低于GB/T 1184—1996中10级精度要求。 5.2.31 G型观览车类游乐设施圆环内圆滚道的径向圆跳动偏差不大于内圆直径的5/1 000,滚道表面平整、没有明显的凹凸缺陷。 5.2.32 G型观览车类游乐设施轿厢的驱动轮与滚道接触良好、压紧力适当、运行平稳,应设有压紧力自补偿装置。 5.2.33 G型观览车类游乐设施驱动臂支承轴轴心线应与滚道圆平面垂直,驱动臂中心线与回转轴轴心线垂直度偏差不大于1/1 000。 5.2.34 A型观览车转盘支承轴宜采用整体加工轴,当采用焊接结构时应选用可焊性好的材料,焊后应进行消除应力处理。 5.2.35 A型、B型观览车轿厢吊挂轴宜设置保险装置。 5.2.36 C型观览车摆臂驱动装置输出轴应进行抗弯、抗扭和疲劳强度校核,校核时冲击系数不小于1.5。 5.2.37 观览车类游乐设施的重要轴(销轴)和重要焊缝应进行无损检测,无损检测方法和要求按GB/T 34370执行。常见的重要轴(销轴)和重要焊缝示例参见附录B。 5.2.38 A型、B型观览车轿厢应设防积水措施,轿厢内的底板与支承结构之间的排水口应方便检查和维修。 5.3 乘载系统 5.3.1 按照GB 8408加速度分区要求,加速度在区域4和区域5的观览车类游乐设施,应设置两套独立的乘客束缚装置或一套失效安全的束缚装置,安全压杠应设至少两套锁紧装置,锁紧装置应便于检查。 5.3.2按照GB 8408加速度分区要求,加速度在区域4和区域5的观览车类游乐设施,乘客座椅面两边和前部应设有效拦挡结构,压杠锁紧后,座椅面前部拦挡结构与压杠前端之间的最小距离L不大于70 mm,如图1所示。 图1 座椅面前部拦挡结构与压杠前端之间的最小距离L 5.3.3 A型、B型观览车轿厢门及其固定和锁紧装置的结构应能够抵抗乘客沿着轿厢门开启方向的推力,其推力应按作用点位于轿厢门锁紧位置且不小于1 kN计算。 5.3.4 A型、B型观览车在运行过程中,轿厢门锁不能从内部打开。 5.3.5 A型、B型观览车当轿厢为外开门时,轿厢与支承结构间的最小距离L,应保证轿厢开门最大宽度时,门与支承结构间不相互干涉(参见附录C图C.3)。 5.3.6 A型、B型观览车轿厢在转盘上的分布间隔合理,当相邻轿厢外廓按照理论最大回转半径旋转时,其间距L(参见图C.4)应能保证两轿厢不相互干涉。 5.3.7 A型、B型观览车轿厢窗户能打开时应加拦挡物,拦挡物间隙设置应防止乘客头部和身体伸出。非封闭式轿厢,应设防止乘客在运行中与周围障碍物相干涉的安全装置或留出不小于500 mm的安全距离。 5.3.8 A型、B型观览车应在轿厢显著位置设安全警示标识,明确额定乘客数量和乘坐时应注意的事项。 5.3.9 A型、B型观览车非封闭轿厢地板与拦挡物的高度不小于1 200 mm。轿厢进出口不应高出踏台300 mm。 5.3.10 A型、B型观览车运行高度不小于40 m时,轿厢应设有轿厢与地面联络的系统,封闭式轿厢宜设空调装置,并应设有通气孔。 5.3.11 A型、B型观览车吊挂式轿厢内的底板与水平面之间夹角不大于15°。A型、B型观览车吊挂式轿厢应设减小轿厢摆动频率和摆动角度的阻尼装置。采用伺服装置维持内部底板水平的轿厢,当伺服装置故障时,应有自动脱离装置。 5.3.12 A型、B型观览车环抱式轿厢内的底板与水平面之间夹角不大于2.5°,保持轿厢内的底板水平状态的机构应可靠。采用伺服装置维持内部底板水平的轿厢,当伺服装置故障时,应有自动脱离装置。 5.3.13 A型、B型观览车轿厢悬挂轴轴承应保持润滑良好、转动灵活。 5.3.14 A型、B型观览车轿厢支承结构及其连接螺栓和焊缝应方便检查和维修。 5.3.15 A型、B型观览车的门窗玻璃应具有足够的强度。 5.3.16 A型、B型座舱门自动关闭时应有防夹伤装置,夹持力不大于150 N,防夹伤装置应工作正常。 5.3.17 A型、B型观览车轿厢设有电气装置时,其轿厢及其装饰材料的燃烧性能等级宜不低于GB 50222—2017中A级,并设置灭火装置。灭火装置要固定可靠、取用方便,并有明显的使用标识。如使用灭火器时,灭火器应在有效期内。设有电气装置时,轿厢内电缆应采用阻燃电缆。 5.4电气控制系统 5.4.1 安全相关电气控制系统应符合故障安全原则,设计时应至少考虑出现信号采集、控制线路断线、供电线路断线、短路、接地等故障时导向安全。 5.4.2观览车类游乐设施采用多台电机同时驱动时,各电机应载荷均衡、工作平稳。 5.4.3控制系统安全部件的选用宜符合GB/T 16855.1的规定;控制系统电气电子可编程器件中的硬件和软件的选用宜符合GB/T 20438的规定。 5.4.4 当观览车使用地点的海拔高度超过1 000 m时,应按GB/T 755的规定对电动机容量进行校核,超过2 000 m时,应对电器件进行校核。 5.4.5根据结构和功能要求,集电器可采用轴向或端面滑环的结构型式。滑环应选用导电性能良好的材料。 5.4.6集电器电刷和滑环应接触良好,每个滑环上应设置不少于两个电刷接入点,并满足电流容量要求。 5.4.7室外外露的集电器应采取防水措施或具有防水功能,满足外露情况下的使用要求。 5.4.8观览车类游乐设施的控制及通信采用无线传输系统时,应采取措施抑制电磁干扰的产生和提高设备抗电磁干扰度。 5.4.9有超速可能的观览车类游乐设施应设置防超速装置,防超速装置应安全可靠。 5.4.10 观览车类游乐设施应设有正、反向运转或摆动的控制,采用自动控制或手动控制时,应使每个运动能单独控制。 5.4.11 安全防护装置选用的传感器防护应符合GB/T 28265—2012中4.4.5的要求。 5.4.12 观览车类游乐设施高度大于45 m时,应设置航空障碍警示灯,警示灯应符合MH/T 6012—2015的要求。 5.4.13采用升降站台或移动平台的观览车类游乐设施,设备运行时应有可靠的防止站台误动作的措施,并采用联锁控制。 5.4.14按照GB 8408的要求,加速度在区域4和区域5的观览车类游乐设施,应设有安全压杠闭合并锁紧后才能启动的联锁控制功能。安全压杠闭合最大锁紧位置应能有效锁紧乘客须知中允许乘坐的最大乘客。 5.4.15高度大于15 m的室外观览车类游乐设施应设防雷装置,采用接闪杆的应在杆塔处设置引下线;采用等电位接地的,当法兰盘过渡电阻大于0.03 Ω时,应在法兰盘设置跨接线,并应采取防闪电电涌侵入的措施。高度超过60 m的,还应增加防侧向雷击的防雷装置。防雷装置应符合GB 50057的规定,并经过相关部门验收合格。 5.4.16观览车类游乐设施应设有视频监控系统,保证设备运行时整机运行情况处于随时监控状态,监控显示画面应清晰无干扰。 5.4.17观览车类游乐设施的控制及通信采用有线传输系统时,应使用带屏蔽层的通信线。 5.4.18上下客站台地面以及吊厢地板应设有防滑措施。A型、B型观览车应具有防止偏载失速的功能。 5.4.19 C型观览车应设置两套独立的极限位置检测装置,极限位置检测装置应灵敏可靠,正常运转时处于冗余状态。 5.4.20 A型、B型观览车类游乐设施的装饰照明等附属设施的电气控制系统应独立于观览车类游乐设施的电气控制系统。 5.4.21 A型、B型观览车轿厢采用自动推拉门时,应设置锁紧信号反馈系统。当设备故障失电或断电时,工作人员可从外部打开轿厢门。 5.4.22 A型、B型观览车驱动系统采用常开式制动装置时,其制动装置应配备不小于运转两圈容量的在线式UPS或备用电源。 5.4.23 A型、B型观览车每轿厢乘员不少于20人时,宜设置烟雾报警器。 5.5应急救援 5.5.1 设备发生故障、断电或其他可预见的意外情况时,应有必要的应急救援装备和乘客疏导措施,避免长时间高空滞留,保证乘客的安全。 5.5.2应急救援备用电源、应急发电机应随时保持在可用状态,宜设置为充电状态与开机联锁,应急发电机油量应充足。 5.5.3对于一端有配重的观览车类游乐设施,当动力电源失去或制动后,座舱应能靠自重回到下客位置,并有可靠的操作措施避免卡在死点位置。对于两端都安装座舱的型式,应配置备用电源及手动救援措施,确保乘客的安全疏散。 5.5.4 A型、B型观览车高度大于120 m或单个轿厢载客超过20人时,宜设置一套独立运行的救援设备。 5.5.5 A型、B型观览车设备应与当地消防部门建立联动机制,在极端情况下联合救援,一年至少演练一次。 5.5.6 A型、B型观览车高度不小于40 m时,应有一套备用电气控制系统,并与主电气控制系统有效隔离。 5.6 表面防护 5.6.1 游乐设施金属结构应采取适当的表面防护措施,如涂防锈漆、热(浸)镀锌等,或采用不锈钢材料。 5.6.2采用涂防锈漆进行金属结构表面防护,涂装前应进行除锈处理,达到GB/T 8923中的Sa2级;主要受力构件之外的构件应达到Sa2或St2级(手工除锈)。漆面应均匀、细致、光亮、完整和色泽一致,不应有粗糙不平、漏漆、错漆、皱纹、针孔及严重流挂等缺陷。推荐漆膜总厚度不小于80 μm。漆膜附着力应符合GB/T 9286中规定的一级质量要求。 5.6.3采用热(浸)镀锌进行金属结构表面防护的,热(浸)镀锌层应符合GB/T 13912的规定。 |
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GB/T 18164-2020, GB 18164-2020, GBT 18164-2020, GB/T18164-2020, GB/T 18164, GB/T18164, GB18164-2020, GB 18164, GB18164, GBT18164-2020, GBT 18164, GBT18164 |