Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This document is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives for standardization—Part 1: Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents.
This standard replaces GB/T 11640-2011 Seamless aluminium alloy gas cylinders, and the following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 11640-2011:
——In the applicability of scope, the scope of nominal volume is modified, and the upper limit of volume is adjusted to 150L (see Clause 1; Clause 1 of Edition 2011);
——Aluminum alloy material designation 7032 and 7060 for aluminum cylinders are added (see 5.1.1.1);
——The compatibility requirements are modified (see 5.1.1.3; 5.1.3 of Edition 2011);
——The calculation formula of design of wall thickness is modified (see 5.2.2.3; 5.2.1.3 of Edition 2011);
——The control requirements for heat treatment temperature and time are added (see 5.3.5.2);
——The provision that the volume residual deformation rate can be exempted for aluminum cylinders of 12L and below is added (see 6.2.2);
——The relevant regulations on leak-before-break test of high-strength aluminum cylinders with minimum guaranteed yield strength greater than 380MPa are added (see 6.10);
——The requirement for gases suitable for filling in aluminum cylinders is deleted (see Annex C of Edition 2011).
This document is prepared with reference to ISO 7866: 2012 Gas cylinders—Refillable seamless aluminium alloy gas cylinder—Design, construction and testing, and is not equivalent to ISO 7866: 2012.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Gas Cylinder of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 31).
The previous editions of this standard are as follows:
——It was first issued as GB 11640-1989 in 1989;
——It was first revised to GB/T 11640-2001 in 2001, and second revised in 2011;
——This is the third revision.
Seamless aluminum alloy gas cylinders
1 Scope
This document specifies the terms and definitions, symbols, types and parameters, technical requirements, test methods and conformity indicators, inspection rules, marking, coating, packaging, transportation, storage, product certificate and batch inspection quality certificate of seamless aluminum alloy gas cylinders (hereinafter referred to as "aluminum cylinders").
This document is applicable to the design and manufacture of refillable aluminum cylinders with nominal working pressure not greater than 30MPa, nominal volume not greater than 150L, ambient temperature of -40°C to 60°C and used to contain compressed gas or liquefied gas.
This document is not applicable to cylinder pressure vessels attached to transportation tools and machinery and equipment.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 192 General purpose metric screw threads—Basic profile
GB/T 196 General purpose metric screw threads—Basic dimensions
GB/T 197 General purpose metric screw threads—Tolerances
GB/T 228.1 Metallic materials—Tensile testing—Part 1: Method of test at room temperature
GB/T 230.1 Metallic materials—Rockwell hardness test—Part 1: Test method
GB/T 231.1 Metallic materials—Brinell hardness test—Part 1: Test method
GB/T 232 Metallic materials—Bend test
GB/T 3191 Aluminium and aluminium alloys extruded bars, rods
GB/T 3245.1 Inspection method for structure of wrought aluminum and aluminum alloy products—Part 1: Inspection method for microstructure
GB/T 3246.2 Inspection method for structure of wrought aluminum and aluminum alloy products—Part 2: Inspection method for macrostructure
GB/T 3880.1 Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy plates, sheets and strips for general engineering—Part 1: Technical conditions of delivery
GB/T 3880.2 Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy plates, sheets and strips for general engineering—Part 2: Mechanical properties
GB/T 3880.3 Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy plates, sheets and strips for general engineering—Part 3: Tolerances on forms and dimensions
GB/T 3934 Specification of gauges for general purpose screw threads
GB/T 4437.1 Aluminium and aluminium alloy extruded tubes—Part 1: Seamless tubes
GB/T 6519 Ultrasonic inspection of wrought aluminium and magnesium alloy products
GB/T 7144 Coloured cylinder mark for gases
GB/T 7999 Optical emission spectrometric analysis method of aluminum and aluminum alloys
GB/T 8335 Special threads for gas cylinders
GB/T 8336 Special thread gauges for gas cylinders
GB/T 9251 Methods for hydrostatic test of gas cylinders
GB/T 9252 Method for pressure cycling test of gas cylinders
GB/T 12137 Methods for leakage test of gas cylinders
GB/T 13005 Terminology of gas cylinders
GB/T 15385 Method for hydraulic burst test of gas cylinder
GB/T 15970.6-2007 Corrosion of metals and alloys—Stress corrosion testing—Part 6: Preparation and use of pre-cracked specimens for tests under constant load or constant displacement
GB/T 20975 (All parts) Methods for chemical analysis of aluminium and aluminium alloys
YS/T 67 Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy columniform ingots
ISO 11114-1 Gas cylinders—Compatibility of cylinder and valve materials with gas contents—Part 1: Metallic materials
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 13005 and the following apply.
3.1.1
solution treatment
thermal treatment which consists of heating aluminum cylinder shell to a suitable temperature and holding them at that temperature long enough to allow surplus phase fully dissolved in the solid solution, and then rapidly cooling to obtain supersaturated solid solution
3.1.2
batch
quantity of aluminum cylinders heat treated in the same period according to the same design, the same furnace number, the same manufacturing process and the same heat treatment specification
Note: When the control conditions of quality factors are the same, the products heat treated in different furnaces may consist a batch.
3.1.3
yield stress
value corresponding to the 0.2% non-proportional elongation
3.1.4
design stress factor
ratio of equivalent wall stress at test pressure to the guaranteed minimum yield strength
3.1.5
artificial ageing
heat treatment process of aluminum cylinder shell after solution treatment and heat preservation at proper temperature, in which the solute phase is precipitated to give an increased yield stress and tensile stress
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply.
A——percentage elongation after fracture, %;
a——fatigue crack length, mm;
a0——original thickness of tensile specimen, mm;
b0——original width of tensile specimen, mm;
C——circumferential tear width of blasting breach, mm;
Df——diameter of the indenter in bend test, mm;
Di——nominal inner diameter of cylindrical shell, mm;
D0——nominal outer diameter of cylindrical shell, mm;
E——modulus of elasticity;
F——design stress factor;
KIAPP——applied elastic stress stress, MPa·m1/2;
L0——length of artificial defect, mm;
l0——original gauge length of tensile specimen, mm;
pb——actual burst pressure, MPa;
ph——hydraulic test pressure, MPa;
pw——nominal working pressure, MPa;
py——measured yield pressure, MPa;
R——radius of indenter cutting edge for flattening test, mm;
Rc——cutting radius of tools, mm;
R e——minimum guaranteed yield stress of shell material after heat treatment, MPa;
Rea——measured yield stress, MPa;
ReSLC——mean yield stress of two specimens representing SLC specimen prepared from test aluminum cylinders at ambient temperature, MPa;
Rg——minimum guaranteed tensile strength of shell material after heat treatment, MPa;
Rm——measured tensile strength, MPa;
r——inner corner radius of the cylinder, mm;
rc——top angle radius of the tool tip, mm;
r1——inner radius of the cylinder, mm;
S——design wall thickness of cylindrical shell, mm;
Sa——actual wall thickness of cylindrical shell, mm;
Sa0——actual mean wall thickness of cylindrical shell, mm; In: mm;
SLC——Crack under constant load;
S0——Original cross-sectional area of the tensile specimens, mm2. In: mm2;
S——Thickness of cylinder bottom center, mm;
T——Indenter spacing for flattening test, mm;
V——Nominal volume, L;
V1——Crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD), in mm, which refers to the component of mode 1 (also called opening mode) of crack displacement caused by elastic and plastic deformation, which is measured at the crack surface with the largest elastic displacement per unit load.
4 Types and parameters
4.1 Types
Generally, the typical structure of aluminum cylinder shell shall comply with the type shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Structural types of aluminum cylinder shell
4.2 Parameters and marks
4.2.1 The tolerance of nominal volume of aluminum cylinders shall meet those specified in Table 1.
Table 1 Tolerance of nominal volume of aluminum cylinders
Nominal volume V /L Tolerance/%
V≤2 +20
0
2
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
4 Types and parameters
5 Technical requirements
6 Test methods and acceptance criteria
7 Inspection rules
8 Marking, coating, packaging, transportation and storage
9 Product certificate, and quality certificate for batch inspection
Annex A (Informative) Corrosion test
Annex B (Normative) Crack test under constant load
Annex C (Normative) Valve assembly torque of aluminum cylinder
Annex D (Informative) Calculation method for shear stress safety factor of thread
Annex E (Informative) Description and judgment on manufacturing defects of aluminum cylinders
Annex F (Normative) Flattening test method
Annex G (Informative) Quality certificate for batch inspection of seamless aluminum alloy gas cylinder
铝合金无缝气瓶
1 范围
本文件规定了铝合金无缝气瓶(以下简称“铝瓶”)的术语和定义、符号、型式和参数、技术要求、试验方法和合格指标、检验规则、标志、涂敷、包装、运输、储存及产品合格证和批量检验质量证明书等要求。
本文件适用于设计、制造公称工作压力不大于30 MPa,公称容积不大于150 L,使用环境温度-40℃~60℃,用于盛装压缩气体或液化气体的可重复充装的铝瓶。
本文件不适用于运输工具和机器设备上附属的瓶式压力容器。
2规范性引用文件
下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件不可少的条款。其中,注日期的引用文件,仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件;不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
GB/T 192普通螺纹 基本牙型
GB/T 196 普通螺纹 基本尺寸
GB/T 197普通螺纹 公差
GB/T 228.1金属材料 拉伸试验 第1部分:室温试验方法
GB/T 230.1 金属材料 洛氏硬度试验 第1部分:试验方法
GB/T 231.1金属材料 布氏硬度试验 第1部分:试验方法
GB/T 232金属材料 弯曲试验方法
GB/T 3191 铝及铝合金挤压棒材
GB/T 3245.1 变形铝及铝合金制品组织检验方法 第1部分:显微组织检验方法
GB/T 3246.2变形铝及铝合金制品组织检验方法 第2部分:低倍组织检验方法
GB/T 3880.1一般工业用铝及铝合金板、带材 第1部分:一般要求
GB/T 3880.2 一般工业用铝及铝合金板、带材 第2部分:力学性能
GB/T 3880.3 一般工业用铝及铝合金板、带材 第3部分:尺寸偏差
GB/T 3934普通螺纹量规 技术条件
GB/T 4437.1 铝及铝合金热挤压管 第1部分:无缝圆管
GB/T 6519变形铝、镁合金产品超声波检验方法
GB/T 7144气瓶颜色标志
GB/T 7999铝及铝合金光电直读发射光谱分析方法
GB/T 8335 气瓶专用螺纹
GB/T 8336 气瓶专用螺纹量规
GB/T 9251 气瓶水压试验方法
GB/T 9252 气瓶压力循环试验方法
GB/T 12137 气瓶气密性试验方法
GB/T 13005 气瓶术语
GB/T 15385 气瓶水压爆破试验方法
GB/T 15970.6—2007金属和合金的腐蚀 应力腐蚀试验 第6部分:恒载荷或恒位移下的预裂纹试样的制备和应用
GB/T 20975(所有部分)铝及铝合金化学分析方法
YS/T 67变形铝及铝合金圆铸锭
ISO 11114-1气瓶 气瓶和瓶阀材料与盛装气体的相容性 第1部分:金属材料(Gas cylinders—Compatibility of cylinder and valve materials with gas contents—Part 1:Metallic materials)
3术语和定义、符号
3.1术语和定义
GB/T 13005界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
3.1.1
固溶处理 solution treatment
将铝瓶瓶体加热至适当温度并保温,使过剩相充分溶解到固溶体中,然后快速冷却以获得过饱和固溶体的热处理工艺。
3.1.2
批量 batch
按同一设计、同一炉罐号材料、同一制造工艺以及同一热处理规范,在同一时期内热处理的铝瓶所限定的数量。
注:质量要素控制条件相同时.不同炉热处理的产品可组成一批。
3.1.3
屈服强度 yield stress
规定非比例延伸率为0.2%时的强度。
3.1.4
设计应力系数design stress factor
水压试验压力下等效壁应力和屈服强度保证值的比值。
3.1.5
人工时效处理 artificial ageing
铝瓶瓶体经固溶处理后在适当的温度下保温,使强化相沉淀析出,以提高其屈服强度和拉伸强度的热处理工艺。
3.2 符号
下列符号适用于本文件。
A——断后伸长率,%;
a——疲劳裂纹长度,单位为毫米(mm);
a0——拉伸试样的原始厚度,单位为毫米(mm);
b0——拉伸试样的原始宽度,单位为毫米(mm);
C——爆破破口环向撕裂宽度,单位为毫米(mm);
Df——弯曲试验的压头直径,单位为毫米(mm);
Di——筒体公称内径,单位为毫米(mm);
D0——筒体公称外径,单位为毫米(mm);
E——弹性模量,单位为兆帕(MPa);
F——设计应力系数(见5.2.2.3);
KIAPP——施加的弹性应力强度,单位为兆帕二分之一次方米(MPa·m1/2);
L0——人工缺陷长度,单位为毫米(mm);
l0——拉伸试样的原始标距,单位为毫米(mm);
pb——实测爆破压力,单位为兆帕(MPa);
ph——水压试验压力,单位为兆帕(MPa);
pw——公称工作压力,单位为兆帕(MPa);
py——实测屈服压力,单位为兆帕(MPa);
R——压扁试验的压头刃口半径,单位为毫米(mm);
Rc——刀具切削半径,单位为毫米(mm);
Re——瓶体材料热处理后的最小屈服强度保证值,单位为兆帕(MPa);
Rea——实测屈服强度,单位为兆帕(MPa);
RcSLC——在室温条件下,从试验铝瓶中制备的代表SLC试样部位的两件试样屈服应力的平均值,单位为兆帕(MPa);
Rg——瓶体材料热处理后的最小抗拉强度保证值,单位为兆帕(MPa);
Rm——实测抗拉强度,单位为兆帕(MPa);
r——瓶底内转角半径,单位为毫米(mm);
rc——刀尖顶角半径,单位为毫米(mm);
r1——瓶底内形半径,单位为毫米(mm);
S——筒体设计壁厚,单位为毫米(mm);
Sa——筒体实测壁厚,单位为毫米(mm);
Sa0——筒体实测平均壁厚。单位为毫米(mm);
SLC——恒载荷裂纹;
S0——拉伸试样的原始横截面积。单位为平方毫米(mm2);
S1——瓶底中心厚度,单位为毫米(mm);
T——压扁试验的压头间距,单位为毫米(mm);
V——公称容积,单位为升(L);
V1——裂纹开口位移(CMOD),单位为毫米(mm),指由弹性和塑料变形引起裂纹位移的模式1(也叫开口模式)的组成部分,在单位载荷弹性位移最大的裂纹面测得。
4型式和参数
4.1 型式
铝瓶瓶体典型结构一般应符合图1所示的型式。
a)双口
b)H形底
c)凸形底
d)凸形底有底座
图1 铝瓶瓶体结构型式
4.2参数及标记
4.2.1 铝瓶的公称容积的允许偏差应符合表1的规定。
表1 铝瓶的公称容积的允许偏差
公称容积V/L 允许偏差/%
V≤2 +20
0
2440 8Sao 15Sao
注:压头间距大于或等于瓶体外径时,由弯曲试验代替。
图5 弯曲示意图
6.4.4.2合格指标
目测试样无裂纹。
6.4.5压扁试验
6.4.5.1 试验方法
6.4.5.1.1压扁试验方法按附录F的规定执行。
6.4.5.1.2压头间距见表4。
6.4.5.1.3 压扁试验可采用试样瓶或试样环。对于试样环的压扁试验,应从瓶体上截取宽度为瓶体壁厚的4倍且不小于25 mm的试样环,只能对试样环的边缘进行机加工,对试样环采用平压头进行压扁。
6.4.5.2合格指标
目测试样无裂纹。
6.5硬度试验
6.5.1 试验方法
硬度检测按GB/T 230.1或GB/T 231.1执行。
6.5.2 合格指标
硬度值应符合设计要求。
6.6水压试验
6.6.1 试验方法
水压试验按GB/T 9251执行。
6.6.2 合格指标
在试验压力下,至少保压30 s,压力表指针不应回降,瓶体不应泄漏或明显变形。容积残余变形率不应大于5%,12 L及以下铝瓶可免做容积残余变形率。
6.7气密性试验
6.7.1 试验方法
气密性试验按GB/T 12137执行。
6.7.2 合格指标
带瓶阀出厂的铝瓶以及充装可燃或有毒介质的铝瓶应进行气密性试验。气密性试验压力为公称工作压力pw,保压至少1 min,瓶体、瓶阀和瓶体瓶阀联接处均不应泄漏。因装配而引起的泄漏现象,允许返修后重做试验。
6.8水压爆破试验
6.8.1 试验方法
6.8.1.1 水压爆破试验按GB/T 15385执行。
6.8.1.2 水压爆破试验时弹性变形区域升压速率不应超过0.5 MPa/s,再以尽可能恒定的速率加压直至爆破。
6.8.1.3应自动绘制出压力-时间或压力-进水量曲线,以确定瓶体的屈服压力和爆破压力值。
6.8.2 合格指标
6.8.2.1 铝瓶瓶体实测屈服压力py和实测爆破压力pb应符合下列要求:
a)py≥ph/F;
b)pb≥1.6ph。
6.8.2.2爆破破口为纵向塑性破口,无碎片,破口上无明显金属缺陷,瓶体上的破口形状与尺寸应符合图6的规定。
图6破口形状与尺寸示意图
6.9压力循环试验
6.9.1 试验方法
6.9.1.1 试验方法按GB/T 9252执行。
6.9.1.2循环压力上限应不低于铝瓶的水压试验压力,循环压力下限应不高于水压试验压力的10%(且不超过3 MPa)。
6.9.1.3压力循环试验用样瓶,应选择底部实际厚度接近于设计厚度最小值的铝瓶,其底部厚度尺寸应不超过最小设计底厚的1.15倍。
6.9.2 合格指标
6.9.2.1 压力循环至少12 000次的过程中,瓶体不应泄漏或破裂。
6.9.2.2试验后铝瓶要测量底部厚度,其底部厚度尺寸实测值应符合6.9.1.3的规定。
6.10未爆先漏试验
6.10.1 要求
6.10.1.1 未爆先漏试验方法分为压力循环和加压泄漏两种,可采用其中一种试验方法进行。
6.10.1.2试验应选择筒体实际壁厚接近设计壁厚的铝瓶,其壁厚应不超过筒体设计壁厚的1.15倍。
6.10.2取样
6.10.2.1 取样数量
抽取2只铝瓶进行试验。
6.10.2.2制样
分别在2只铝瓶筒体外表面中部最小壁厚处加工一条纵向缺陷,缺陷长度L0不小于4倍筒体设计壁厚。用于加工缺陷的刀具厚度约为12.5 mm,顶角为45°~60°,刀尖顶角半径rc为0.25 mm±0.025 mm。当铝瓶筒体公称外径小于或等于140 mm时,刀具切削直径(2Rc)为20 mm。当铝瓶筒体公称外径大于140 mm时,刀具切削直径(2Rc)为30 mm。缺陷深度应不小于缺陷处实测厚度的60%。缺陷和刀具示意见图7。
单位为毫米
a)缺陷示意图
b)刀具示意图
图7缺陷和刀具示意图
6.10.3压力循环
6.10.3.1 试验方法
按6.9.1进行压力循环试验,循环速率应不超过5次/min,循环压力上限应不低于2/3ph×(Sa/S)。
6.10.3.2 合格指标
6.10.3.2.1 压力循环至瓶体失效,瓶体不应发生爆破,且测量的泄漏缺陷总长度不超过1.1L0,则铝瓶通过试验。
6.10.3.2.2如果压力循环试验过程中,裂纹扩展偏离径向,可重新取2只铝瓶进行试验,如果其中任意1只铝瓶不合格,则铝瓶未通过试验。
6.10.3.2.3直径和压力不大于已通过试验的铝瓶,可不进行此项试验。
6.10.4加压泄漏
6.10.4.1 试验方法
按6.6.1进行加压泄漏试验,加压时间不少于1 min至2/3ph×(Sa/S),保压10 s,继续升压至泄漏。