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Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. The code drafting group has revised this code through conducting extensive investigation, carefully summarizing practical experiences, referring to relevant international and foreign advanced standards and widely soliciting for opinions according to the "Notice on Printing and Distributing the Development and Revision Plan of National Engineering Construction Standards and Codes in 2014" (JIANBIAO [2013], No. 169) issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. Main technical contents of this code are: 1. general provisions; 2. terms; 3. basic requirements; 4. construction preparation; 5. construction survey; 6. segment production and acceptance; 7. tunnelling construction; 8. construction of special section; 9. segment assembly; 10. back-fill grouting; 11. tunnel waterproofing; 12. construction safety and environmental protection; 13. shield maintenance and service; 14. construction transport; 15.construction monitoring; 16. tunnel acceptance. Main technical contents revised in this code include: 1. technical contents of selection and configuration of shield are added; 2. the requirements of breakthrough survey tolerance of oil & gas and municipal tunnels, segment assembly quality and formed tunnel quality control are added; 3. survey requirements for secondary horizontal control network in plain or mountain regions are added; 4. technical requirements for site acceptance of steel segment are added; 5. shield empty-push and construction measures for the section with noxious gas are added; 6. technical contents such as monitoring frequency and monitoring early warning are added; 7. the requirements of segment assembly quality of railway tunnel and quality control of formed tunnel are added. In this code, the provisions printed in bold type are compulsory, and must be enforced strictly. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (MOHURD) is in charge of the administration of this code and the explanation of the compulsory provisions, and the Center of Science and Technology and Industrialization Development of MOHURD is responsible for the explanation of specific technical contents. If there are any comments or suggestions during the process of implementing this code, please send them to the Center of Science and Technology and Industrialization Development of MOHURD (address: No.9, Sanlihe Road, Beijing; 100835). Contents Foreword i 1 General Provisions 1 2 Terms 1 3 Basic Requirements 3 4 Construction Preparation 4 4.1 Preliminary Investigation 4 4.2 Technical Preparation 4 4.3 Selection and Configuration of Shield 5 4.4 Facilities Preparation 7 4.5 Working Shaft 8 5 Construction Survey 9 5.1 General Requirements 9 5.2 Ground Control Survey 10 5.3 Connection Survey 12 5.4 Control Survey in Tunnel 12 5.5 Tunnelling Construction Survey 14 5.6 Breakthrough Survey 16 5.7 As-built Survey 17 6 Segment Production and Acceptance 17 6.1 General Requirements 17 6.2 Raw Material 18 6.3 Mould of Reinforced Concrete Segment 18 6.4 Steel Skeleton 19 6.5 Concrete 21 6.6 Reinforced Concrete Segment 22 6.7 Steel Segment 24 6.8 Storage and Carriage of Segment 25 6.9 Acceptance for Segment 26 7 Tunnelling Construction 27 7.1 General Requirements 27 7.2 Shield Assembly and Debugging 29 7.3 Shield Site Acceptance 29 7.4 Shield Launching 30 7.5 Earth Pressure-balanced Shield Construction 31 7.6 Slurry Shield Construction 31 7.7 Shield Position and Stance Control 32 7.8 Work in Chamber 32 7.9 Shield Arrival 33 7.10 U-turn, Station-crossing and Empty-push 34 7.11 Shield Disassembly 34 8 Construction of Special Section 34 8.1 General Requirements 34 8.2 Construction Measures 35 9 Segment Assembly 39 9.1 General Requirements 39 9.2 Assembly 40 9.3 Assembly Quality Control 40 9.4 Repairing 42 10 Back-fill Grouting 42 10.1 General Requirements 43 10.2 Grouting Materials and Parameters 43 10.3 Grouting 43 11 Tunnel Waterproofing 44 11.1 General Requirements 44 11.2 Joint Waterproofing 44 11.3 Special-site Waterproofing 45 12 Construction Safety and Environmental Protection 45 13 Shield Maintenance and Service 46 14 Construction Transport 47 14.1 General Requirements 47 14.2 Horizontal Transport 47 14.3 Vertical Transport 48 14.4 Pipeline Transport 48 15 Construction Monitoring 48 15.1 General Requirements 48 15.2 Around Tunnel Monitoring 50 15.3 Tunnel Structure Monitoring 51 15.4 Frequency of Monitoring 51 15.5 Control Value and Early Warning of Monitoring 52 15.6 Monitoring Results and Feedback 53 16 Tunnel Acceptance 53 Explanation of Wording in This Code 55 List of Quoted Standards 56 Code for Construction and Acceptance of Shield Tunnelling Method 1 General Provisions 1.0.1 This code is formulated with a view to strengthening the management of shield tunnelling construction, unifying the construction technology and quality acceptance criteria of shield tunnelling and ensuring the project safety, environmental safety and project quality during construction process. 1.0.2 This code is applicable to the construction and acceptance of tunnelling of prefabricated segment assembly which is constructed with shield tunnelling method. 1.0.3 The construction and acceptance of shield tunnelling shall not only meet the requirements stipulated in this code, but also comply with those in the current relevant national standard. 2 Terms 2.0.1 shield the whole-section push-type mechanical equipment for tunnel construction, which is composed of host and back-up equipment and completes operations such as tunnelling, residue discharging and segment assembly under the steel shell protection. It is classified into earth pressure balanced shield, slurry balanced shield, open shield and air pressure balanced shield according to the stabilization method of excavated surface 2.0.2 working shaft the shaft used for shield assembly, disassembly, u-turn, empty-push, segment lifting and muck conveying, etc., including shield launching working shaft, shield arrival working shaft, inspection working shaft, etc. 2.0.3 shield launching the construction process of shield tunnelling 2.0.4 shield arrival the construction process of shield reaching the arrival position 2.0.5 shield cradle the support device used for maintaining such positions and stances as shield launching and arrival 2.0.6 reaction frame the support device providing reaction for shield launching and tunnelling 2.0.7 segment the basic unit of prefabricated lining ring of tunnel; segment types include reinforced concrete segment, fiber concrete segment, steel segment, cast iron segment, composite segment, etc. 2.0.8 temporary segment temporary segment transferring pushing force for the shield launching and tunnelling 2.0.9 mould loosening the process of opening the top or side template of reinforced concrete segment mould 2.0.10 demoulding the process of separating the reinforced concrete segment from mould 2.0.11 sealing gasket the strip waterproof material inlaid in segment joint 2.0.12 back-fill grouting the construction process of filling grout in the gap between tunnel lining ring and stratum 2.0.13 articulation the device connected with hydraulic oil cylinder and may adjust the relative position and stance of front and rear shells 2.0.14 shield u-turn the process of shield turning after completing a section of tunnel during shield construction 2.0.15 shield station-crossing the process of hauling or pushing the shield by special equipment to make it pass through the station/working shaft 2.0.16 shield empty-push the shield tunnelling process without soil excavation 2.0.17 shield position and stance the space state of shield host, which is generally described with such parameters as lateral deviation, vertical deviation, pitching angle, azimuth angle, roll angle and cut mileage 2.0.18 ovality the ratio of the difference between maximum diameter and minimum diameter to the design inside diameter of tunnel after the circular tunnel segments are lined and assembled into rings, which is expressed in permillage 2.0.19 step the deviation of joint between adjacent segments 3 Basic Requirements 3.0.1 For the construction of shield tunnelling method, construction management system shall be provided, quality control and inspection system shall be established and safety and environmental protection measures shall be taken. 3.0.2 The type and technical performance of shield shall meet the requirements of engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions, line conditions, environmental protection and tunnel structure design. 3.0.3 Special construction scheme and emergency plan for shield construction shall be prepared according to the shield type, geological conditions and project practices. 3.0.4 The raw material, semi-finished product and finished product of project shall be subject to site acceptance, and may only be used after being judged as acceptable. 3.0.5 The construction site shall meet the land use, construction transport requirements of working shaft, gantry crane, segment storage, slurry station, sludge treatment facilities, materials, muck stacking, charging room, power supply and distribution station, control room, warehouse, etc. 3.0.6 Shield position and stance shall be monitored during construction. 3.0.7 For the construction of shield tunnelling method, project informationization management shall be carried out, and remote monitoring system should be configured. 3.0.8 During construction, the adjacent buildings, underground pipelines, roads and rail transit lines shall be monitored, and necessary technical measures shall be taken for important buildings (structures) or those with special requirements. 3.0.9 Quality conformity indexes shall meet the following requirements: 1 The quality of dominant item, where reaching 100%,shall be deemed as acceptable; 2 The quality of general item, where reaching 95% or above, shall be deemed as acceptable; 3 Complete construction quality acceptance basis and quality acceptance record shall be provided. 4 Construction Preparation 4.1 Preliminary Investigation 4.1.1 Prior to construction, the engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions of the construction section shall be investigated; where necessary, geological survey shall be supplemented. 4.1.2 Site survey and investigation shall be carried out for the ground buildings (structures) within the influence range of the project; detailed investigation shall be carried out for buildings (structures) requiring reinforcement or foundation underpinning; where necessary, appraisal shall be carried out and construction scheme shall be prepared in advance. 4.1.3 Investigation shall be carried out for underground obstacles, underground structures and underground pipelines within the influence range of the project; where necessary, exploration shall be carried out. 4.1.4 Environmental investigation for project shall be carried out according to the environmental protection requirements of the project site. 4.2 Technical Preparation 4.2.1 The following information shall be provided prior to tunnel construction: 1 Engineering geological and hydrogeological survey report; 2 Investigation report on environment, underground pipelines and obstacles along the tunnel; 3 Design drawing information and project technology requirement documents required for construction; 4 Relevant contract documents of project construction; 5 Construction organization design; 6 Relevant information of the proposed shield. 4.2.2 Prior to shield tunnelling construction, the following works shall be completed: 1 Recheck for the position mileage and coordinates of each working shaft, the manufacturing precision of tunnel portal ring and the height and coordinates after installation; 2 Inspection and acceptance of such facilities as shield cradle, temporary segment and reaction frame as well as orientation survey data; 3 Segment reservation; 4 Various statements of shield tunnelling construction; 5 Inspection and acceptance of tunnel portal soil reinforcement and tunnel portal ring hermetic sealing devices. 4.2.3 Construction organization design shall meet the quality, safety, construction period and environmental protection requirements. 4.2.4 Technical training and technical disclosure shall be carried out prior to construction. 4.2.5 Survey and monitoring preparation shall be completed according to project characteristics and environmental conditions prior to construction. 4.3 Selection and Configuration of Shield 4.3.1 Shield selection and configuration shall be applicable, reliable, advanced and economic; the configuration shall include cutter head, hydraulic thrust cylinder, segment assembly machine, screw conveyor, slurry circulation system, articulation, muck conditioning system, grouting system, etc. Foreword i 1 General Provisions 2 Terms 3 Basic Requirements 4 Construction Preparation 4.1 Preliminary Investigation 4.2 Technical Preparation 4.3 Selection and Configuration of Shield 4.4 Facilities Preparation 4.5 Working Shaft 5 Construction Survey 5.1 General Requirements 5.2 Ground Control Survey 5.3 Connection Survey 5.4 Control Survey in Tunnel 5.5 Tunnelling Construction Survey 5.6 Breakthrough Survey 5.7 As-built Survey 6 Segment Production and Acceptance 6.1 General Requirements 6.2 Raw Material 6.3 Mould of Reinforced Concrete Segment 6.4 Steel Skeleton 6.5 Concrete 6.6 Reinforced Concrete Segment 6.7 Steel Segment 6.8 Storage and Carriage of Segment 6.9 Acceptance for Segment 7 Tunnelling Construction 7.1 General Requirements 7.2 Shield Assembly and Debugging 7.3 Shield Site Acceptance 7.4 Shield Launching 7.5 Earth Pressure-balanced Shield Construction 7.6 Slurry Shield Construction 7.7 Shield Position and Stance Control 7.8 Work in Chamber 7.9 Shield Arrival 7.10 U-turn, Station-crossing and Empty-push 7.11 Shield Disassembly 8 Construction of Special Section 8.1 General Requirements 8.2 Construction Measures 9 Segment Assembly 9.1 General Requirements 9.2 Assembly 9.3 Assembly Quality Control 9.4 Repairing 10 Back-fill Grouting 10.1 General Requirements 10.2 Grouting Materials and Parameters 10.3 Grouting 11 Tunnel Waterproofing 11.1 General Requirements 11.2 Joint Waterproofing 11.3 Special-site Waterproofing 12 Construction Safety and Environmental Protection 13 Shield Maintenance and Service 14 Construction Transport 14.1 General Requirements 14.2 Horizontal Transport 14.3 Vertical Transport 14.4 Pipeline Transport 15 Construction Monitoring 15.1 General Requirements 15.2 Around Tunnel Monitoring 15.3 Tunnel Structure Monitoring 15.4 Frequency of Monitoring 15.5 Control Value and Early Warning of Monitoring 15.6 Monitoring Results and Feedback 16 Tunnel Acceptance Explanation of Wording in This Code List of Quoted Standards 1 总 则 1.0.1为加强盾构法隧道工程施工管理,统一盾构法隧道工程的施工技术及质量验收标准,确保施工过程的工程安全、环境安全和工程质量,制定本规范。 1.0.2本规范适用于盾构法施工的预制管片拼装式隧道工程的施工及验收。 1.0.3盾构法隧道工程的施工及验收除应符合本规范外,尚应符合国家现行有关标准的规定。 2术 语 2.0.1盾构shield 在钢壳体保护下完成隧道掘进、出渣、管片拼装等作业,由主机和后配套设备组成的全断面推进式隧道施工机械设备。根据开挖面的稳定方式,分为土压平衡式盾构、泥水平衡式盾构、敞开式盾构和气压平衡式盾构。 2.0.2工作井working shaft 盾构组装、解体、调头、空推、吊运管片和输送渣土等使用的竖井,包括盾构始发工作井、盾构接收工作井、检查工作井等。 2.0.3盾构始发shield launching 盾构开始掘进的施工过程。 2.0.4盾构接收shield arrival 盾构到达接收位置的施工过程。 2.0.5盾构基座shield cradle 用于保持盾构始发、接收等姿态的支撑装置。 2.0.6反力架reaction frame 为盾构始发掘进提供反力的支撑装置。 2.0.7管片segment 隧道预制衬砌环的基本单元,管片的类型有钢筋混凝土管片、纤维混凝土管片、钢管片、铸铁管片、复合管片等。 2.0.8负环管片temporary segment 为盾构始发掘进传递推力的临时管片。 2.0.9开模 mould loosening 打开钢筋混凝土管片模具上部或侧部模板的过程。 2.0.10出模demoulding 钢筋混凝土管片脱离模具的过程。 2.0.11防水密封条sealing gasket 镶嵌于管片接缝处的条状防水材料。 2.0.12壁后注浆back-fill grouting 用浆液填充隧道衬砌环与地层之间空隙的施工工艺。 2.0.13铰接装置articulation 以液压油缸连接,可调节前后壳体相对姿态的装置。 2.0.14盾构调头shield u-turn 盾构施工完成一段隧道后调转方向的过程。 2.0.15盾构过站 shield station-crossing 利用专用设备把盾构拖拉或顶推通过车站/工作井的过程。 2.0.16盾构空推shield empty-push 盾构不需要土体开挖的推进过程。 2.0.17盾构姿态shield position and stance 盾构主机的空间状态,通常采用横向偏差、竖向偏差、俯仰角、方位角、滚转角和切口里程等参数描述。 2.0.18椭圆度ovality 圆形隧道管片衬砌拼装成环后隧道最大与最小直径的差值与隧道设计内径的比值,以千分比表示。 2.0.19错台step 相邻管片接缝处的偏差。 3基本规定 3.0.1盾构法隧道施工应具有施工管理体系,应建立质量控制和检验制度,并应采取安全和环境保护措施。 3.0.2盾构类型和技术性能应满足工程地质和水文地质条件、线路条件、环境保护和隧道结构设计的要求。 3.0.3盾构施工专项施工方案和应急预案应根据盾构类型、地质条件和工程实践制定。 3.0.4工程原材料、半成品和成品进场应进行验收,质量合格后方可使用。 3.0.5 施工现场的场地应满足工作井、龙门吊、管片存放、浆液站、泥浆处理设施、材料、渣土堆放、充电间、供配电站、控制室、库房等生产设施用地和施工运输要求。 3.0.6 施工期间应监控盾构姿态。 3.0.7盾构法隧道施工应实施项目信息化管理,宜配置远程监控系统。 3.0.8施工期间应对邻近的建筑物、地下管线、道路与轨道交通线路等进行监测,并应对重要或有特殊要求的建(构)筑物采取必要的技术措施。 3.0.9质量合格指标应符合下列规定: 1主控项目的质量达到100%时,应为合格; 2一般项目的质量达到95%及以上时,应为合格; 3应具有完整的施工质量验收依据和质量验收记录。 4施工准备 4.1前期调查 4.1.1施工前,应对施工地段的工程地质和水文地质情况进行调查,必要时应补充地质勘察。 4.1.2对工程影响范围内的地面建(构)筑物应进行现场踏勘和调查,对需加固或基础托换的建(构)筑物应进行详细调查,必要时应进行鉴定,并应提前做好施工方案。 4.1.3对工程影响范围内的地下障碍物、地下构筑物及地下管线等应进行调查,必要时应进行探查。 4.1.4根据工程所在地的环境保护要求,应进行工程环境调查。 4.2技术准备 4.2.1隧道施工前,应具备下列资料: 1工程地质和水文地质勘察报告; 2隧道沿线环境、地下管线和障碍物等的调查报告; 3施工所需的设计图纸资料和工程技术要求文件; 4工程施工有关合同文件; 5施工组织设计; 6拟使用盾构的相关资料。 4.2.2盾构掘进施工前,应完成下列工作: 1复核各工作井井位里程及坐标、洞门圈制作精度和安装后的高程和坐标; 2盾构基座、负环管片和反力架等设施及定向测量数据的检查验收; 3管片储备; 4盾构掘进施工的各类报表; 5洞口前土体加固和洞门圈密封止水装置检查验收。 4.2.3施工组织设计应满足质量、安全、工期和环保要求。 4.2.4施工前应进行技术培训与技术交底。 4.2.5施工前应根据工程特点和环境条件,完成测量和监测的准备工作。 4.3盾构选型与配置 4.3.1盾构选型与配置应适用、可靠、先进、经济,配置应包括刀盘、推进液压缸、管片拼装机、螺旋输送机、泥水循环系统、铰接装置、渣土改良系统和注浆系统等。 4.3.2盾构选型依据应包括下列内容: 1工程地质和水文地质勘察报告; 2隧道线路及结构设计文件; 3施工安全; 4施工环境及其保护要求; 5工期条件; 6辅助施工方法; 7类似工程施工经验。 4.3.3盾构的壳体结构应能保证在其所承受的正常施工荷载作用下,各结构件均应处于安全可靠状态。 4.3.4刀盘应符合下列规定: 1刀盘结构的强度和刚度应满足工程要求; 2刀盘结构形式应适应地质条件,刀盘面板应采取耐磨措施,刀盘开口率应能满足盾构掘进和出渣要求; 3刀具的选型和配置应根据地质条件、开挖直径、切削速度、掘进里程、最小曲线半径及地下障碍物情况等确定; 4刀盘添加剂喷口的数量及位置应根据地质条件、刀盘结构、刀盘开挖直径等确定。 4.3.5刀盘主驱动应符合下列规定: 1刀盘主驱动形式应根据地质和环境要求确定,最大设计扭矩应满足地质条件和脱困要求; 2刀盘转速应根据地质条件和施工要求确定,转速应可调; 3刀盘驱动主轴承密封应根据覆土厚度、地下水位、添加剂注入压力、掘进里程等确定。 4.3.6推进液压缸应采取分区控制,每个分区液压缸应具备行程监测功能。总推力应根据推进阻力的总和及所需的安全系数确定。 4.3.7管片拼装机的自由度应满足拼装要求,各动作应准确可靠,操作应安全方便。 4.3.8螺旋输送机的结构和尺寸应根据工程地质和水文地质条件、盾构直径和掘进速度等确定。后闸门应具有紧急关闭功能。 4.3.9泥水循环系统应根据地质和施工条件等确定,并应具备掘进模式和旁通模式,流量应连续可调,可配置渣石处理装置。 4.3.10 铰接装置应满足隧道轴线曲率半径的要求,最大推力应大于前后壳体姿态变化引起的阻力,每组铰接液压缸应具备行程监测功能。 4.3.11 渣土改良系统和注浆系统应与地质条件相适应。注浆系统应具备物料注入速度和注入压力调节功能。 4.3.12人舱和保压系统应满足作业人员开仓作业要求,人舱宜采用并联双舱式。 4.3.13盾构主机和后配套设备结构应满足导向系统的安装和通视要求,盾构掘进管理系统应与导向系统实现数据交互。 4.4设施准备 4.4.1 辅助设施应根据盾构类型、掘进方法和施工工艺要求等配置。 4.4.2辅助设施应符合下列规定: 1 根据工程需要和环境保护要求,应配置符合盾尾同步注浆需要的浆液站,泥水平衡盾构应设置相应的泥水输送和处理装置; 2应选择合理的水平和垂直运输设备; 3供电设备应满足盾构施工要求。 4.4.3盾构始发和接收工作井内设施应符合下列规定: 1 始发工作井内盾构基座应具备盾构组装、调试和始发条件; 2接收工作井内盾构基座应能安全接收盾构,并应满足盾构检修、解体或整体移位的要求; 3工作井内应布置必要的排水或泥浆设施; 4洞门密封装置应满足盾构始发和接收密封要求。 4.5工作井 4.5.1工作井应符合下列规定: 1根据地质条件和环境条件,应选择安全经济和对周边影响小的施工方法。 2始发工作井的长度应大于盾构主机长度3m,宽度应大于盾构直径3m。 3接收工作井的平面内净尺寸应满足盾构接收、解体和调头的要求; 4始发、接收工作井的井底板应低于始发和到达洞门底标高,并应满足相关装置安装和拆卸所需的最小作业空间要求。 5工作井预留洞门直径应满足盾构始发和接收的要求,并应按下式计算: Ds≥H·tanα+(D/cosα)+Δe+Δs+Δg (4.5.1) 式中:Ds——工作井预留洞门直径(m); H——洞门井壁厚度(m); α——隧道轴线与洞门轴线的夹角(°),通常取平面或纵坡夹角值; D——盾构外径(m); Δe——设计规定的始发或接收工作井预留口直径大于盾构外径的差值(m),始发工作井取0.10m,接收工作井取0.20m; Δs——测量误差(m),取0.10m; Δg——盾构基座安装高程误差(m),取0.05m。 6洞门圈、密封及其他预埋件等应在盾构始发或接收前按要求完成安设,并应符合质量要求。 4.5.2当洞口段土体不能满足盾构始发和接收对防水、防坍等安全要求时,应采取加固措施。 5施工测量 5.1一般规定 5.1.1施工测量应包括地面控制测量、联系测量、隧道内控制测量、掘进施工测量、贯通测量和竣工测量。 5.1.2测量前,应对施工现场进行踏勘,收集相关测量资料,办理测量资料交接手续,并应对既有测量控制点进行复测和保护。 5.1.3施工前,应根据周边环境、地面控制网、盾构进入隧道方式、贯通长度和贯通精度,以及盾构配置的导向系统的精度、特点和人工测量仪器精度等,制定施工测量方案。 5.1.4隧道贯通测量限差应符合表5.1.4规定。 表5.1.4隧道贯通测量限差(mm) 隧道类型 横向贯通测量限差 高程贯通测量 限差 L<4 4≤L<7 7≤L<10 地铁隧道 100 — — 50 公路隧道 100 150 200 70 铁路隧道 100 130 160 50 水工隧道 100 150 — 75 市政隧道 100 150 200 70 油气隧道 100 150 200 70 注:L为隧道贯通长度(km)。 5.1.5 同一贯通区间内始发和接收工作井所使用的地面近井控制点间应进行联测,并应与区间内的其他地面控制点构成附合路线或附合网。 5.1.6隧道贯通后应分别以始发和接收工作井的隧道内近井控制点为起算数据,采用附合路线形式,重新测设地下控制网。 5.1.7地面施工测量控制点应埋设在施工影响的变形区以外。当施工现场条件限制时,埋设在变形区内的施工测量控制点使用前应进行检测。 5.2地面控制测量 5.2.1平面和高程控制网应与线路工程整体控制网联测,线路整体控制网应满足国家现行相关标准的要求。 5.2.2平面控制网应分为两个等级,一等控制网宜采用全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)网,二等控制网宜采用导线网。高程控制网可采用水准测量方法一次布网。 5.2.3控制网应符合下列规定: 1当一等平面控制网采用GNSS布网时,测量技术要求应符合表5.2.3-1规定; 表5.2.3-1 一等平面控制网(GNSS)测量技术要求 平均边长 (km) 固定误差 a(mm) 比例误差b(mm/km) 相邻点的相对点位中误差(mm) 最弱边的相对中误差 2 ≤5 ≤2 ±10 1/100000 2当二等平面控制网采用导线法布网时,测量技术要求应符合表5.2.3-2规定; 表5.2.3-2二等平面控制网(导线)测量技术要求 平均边长 (m) 导线长度 (km) 每边测距中误差(mm) 测距 相对中误 测角 中误差(″) 测回数 方位 角闭合差(″) 全长 相对闭合差 相邻点的相对 点位中误差(mm) 城镇地区 平原或山岭地区 城镇地区 平原或山岭地区 DJ1 DJ2 350 500 3 5 ±4 1/60000 ±2.5 4 6 ±5 1/35000 ±8 3当高程控制网采用水准法布网时,测量技术要求应符合表5.2.3—3规定。 表5.2.3—3高程控制网(水准)测量技术要求 每千米高差中数中误差(mm) 路线 水准仪 水准尺 观测次数 往返较差、附合或环线闭合差 偶然中误差 全中误差 长度(km) 等级 与已知点联测 附合或环线 平地(mm) 山地(mm) ±2 ±4 4 DS1 铟钢尺或条码尺 往返各一次 往返各一次 ±8 ±2 注:L为往返测段、附合或环线的路线长度(单位:km),n为单程的测站数。 5.2.4盾构始发和接收工作井间应建立统一的施工控制测量系统,每个井口应布设不少于3个控制点。 5.2.5当水准路线跨越水域时,应进行跨水域水准测量,并应符合现行国家标准《国家一、二等水准测量规范》GB/T 12897的有关规定。 5.2.6地面控制网应定期复测,复测频率每年不应少于一次,当控制点不稳定时,应增加复测频率。 5.3联系测量 5.3.1联系测量应包括地面近井导线测量和近井高程测量、工作井定向测量和导入高程测量,以及隧道内近井导线测量和近井高程测量等。 5.3.2地面近井导线和近井高程路线应采用附合路线形式,近井导线测量和近井高程测量技术要求应符合本规范表5.2.3-2和表5.2.3-3的规定。 5.3.3盾构隧道贯通前的联系测量次数不应少于3次,宜在隧道掘进至100m、1/3贯通长度和距贯通面150m前分别进行一次。当贯通长度超过1500m时,应增加联系测量次数或采用高精度联系测量方法,提高联系测量精度。当地下起始边方位角较差小于12″时,可取各次测量成果的平均值作为后续测量的起算数据指导隧道掘进与贯通。 5.3.4定向测量应依据施工现场条件选择下列方法: 1联系三角形法; 2陀螺全站仪(经纬仪)与垂准仪(钢丝)组合法; 3两井定向法; 4导线直传法; 5投点定向法。 5.3.5导入高程测量在工作井内可采用悬吊钢尺进行高程传递测量,当盾构平硐或斜井进入时,可采用水准测量方法进行高程传递测量。 5.3.6地下应埋设永久近井点。近井导线点不应少于3个,点间边长宜大于50m。近井高程点不应少于2个。 5.4隧道内控制测量 5.4.1隧道内控制测量应包括隧道内施工导线测量、施工控制导线测量和隧道内施工水准测量、施工控制水准测量。 5.4.2隧道内控制测量起算点应采用直接从地面通过联系测量传递到工作井下的平面和高程控制点,隧道内平面起算点不应少于3个,起算方位边不应少于2条,高程起算点不应少于2个。 5.4.3控制点应埋设在稳定的隧道结构上,并应埋设强制对中装置。平面控制点应避开强光源、热源、淋水等地方,控制点间视线距隧道壁及洞内设施应大于0.5m。 5.4.4隧道内控制网宜为支导线和支水准路线,当有联络通道时,应形成附合路线或结点网。长隧道宜布设成交叉双导线。 5.4.5施工导线和施工水准应随盾构掘进布设,当直线隧道掘进长度大于200m或到达曲线段时,应布设施工控制导线和控制水准。 5.4.6施工控制导线测量应符合下列规定: 1直线隧道的导线平均边长宜为150m,曲线隧道的导线平均边长宜为60m,相邻的长短边边长比不应大于3。 2应采用不低于DJ2级全站仪观测,左右角应各测2测回,左、右角平均值之和与360°较差应小于6″,边长应往返观测各2测回,往返平均值较差应小于4mm。测角中误差为±2.5″,测距中误差为±3mm;当形成附合或闭合导线时,应符合本规范表5.2.3-2的规定。 3导线点横向中误差mu宜满足下式要求: mu≤mφ×4ld/(5Ld) (5.4.6) 式中:mu——导线点横向中误差(mm); mφ——隧道横向贯通中误差(mm),取隧道横向贯通测量限差的1/2; ld——导线长度(m); Ld——贯通长度(m)。 5.4.7施工控制水准测量应符合下列规定: 1水准点宜按每200m间距设置1个; 2水准点可利用导线点,也可单独埋设; 3水准测量要求应符合本规范表5.2.3—3的规定。 5.4.8延伸隧道内控制导线和控制水准时,应对现有施工控制点进行检测,并应选择稳定点进行延伸测量。 5.4.9在隧道贯通前,隧道内控制导线和控制水准测量不应少于3次。重合点坐标较差应小于30mm×ld/Ld,高程较差应小于10mm,且应采用平均值作为测量结果。 5.4.10 当采用支导线方法布设隧道内控制网不能满足隧道贯通限差要求时,应采用布设导线网或加测陀螺边等方法,也可使用高精度测量仪器。 5.5掘进施工测量 5.5.1盾构始发工作井建成后,应采用联系测量方法,将平面和高程测量数据传入隧道内控制点。 5.5.2反力架、洞门圈和基座的安装测量应符合下列规定: 1应利用隧道内测量控制点采用极坐标法放样隧道中心线和盾构基座的位置、方向,应利用水准测量方法测设隧道高程控制线以及基座坡度,坐标和高程放样中误差为±5mm; 2反力架和洞门圈位置应采用三维放样方法放样,反力架安装后和洞门浇筑前应对其经过设计中心的竖直和水平位置进行复测,并应提供相应里程的坐标或与中心的距离,放样和复测中误差应为±10mm。 5.5.3盾构就位后应采用人工测量方法测定盾构的初始姿态,人工测量与盾构导向系统测量较差不应大于2 m(m为点位测量中误差)。 5.5.4当采用人工测量时,应符合下列规定: 1盾构测量标志点应牢固设置在盾构上,且不应少于3个,标志点可粘贴反射片或安置棱镜; 2盾构测量标志点的三维坐标应与盾构结构几何坐标建立换算关系; 3盾构测量标志点测量宜采用极坐标法,并宜采用双极坐标法进行检核,测量中误差为±3mm。 5.5.5当采用自动导向系统测量时,应符合下列规定: 1始发前,应对输入自动导向系统的线路设计参数进行检查,确认无误后方可输入。 2输入自动导向系统的线路设计参数导出后应进行复核确认。 3隧道掘进中测量控制点迁站应符合下列规定: 1)迁站前,自动导向系统应测量盾构姿态; 2)迁站时,盾构应停止掘进; 3)迁站后,应对使用的相邻控制点间几何关系进行检核,确认控制点位置正确; 4)应利用迁站后控制点进行盾构姿态测量; 5)迁站前后测定的盾构姿态测量较差应小于2 m(m为点位测量中误差)。 5.5.6盾构姿态测量应符合下列规定: 1测量内容应包括横向偏差、竖向偏差、俯仰角、方位角、滚转角和切口里程。 2盾构姿态计算取位精度应符合表5.5.6规定。 表5.5.6盾构姿态计算取位精度 名称 单位 计算取位精度 横向偏差 mm 1 竖向偏差 mm 1 俯仰角 ′ 1 方位角 ′ 1 滚转角 ′ 1 切口里程 m 0.01 3当盾构始发和距接收工作井100m内时,应提高测量频率。 4盾构姿态应根据测量成果及时调整。 5.5.7管片拼装后,应进行盾尾间隙测量。 5.5.8壁后注浆完成后,宜进行衬砌环测量,包括衬砌环中心坐标、底部高程、水平直径、竖直直径和前端面里程,测量中误差为±3ram。 5.6贯通测量 5.6.1隧道贯通后应进行贯通测量,测量内容包括隧道的纵横向和高程贯通误差。 5.6.2贯通测量时,应在贯通面设置贯通相遇点。 5.6.3纵横向贯通误差,可利用隧道贯通面两侧平面控制点测定贯通相遇点的坐标闭合差确定,也可利用隧道贯通面两侧中线在贯通相遇点的间距测定;隧道的纵横向贯通误差应投影到线路及其法线方向上。 5.6.4高程贯通误差应利用隧道贯通面两侧高程控制点测量。 5.7竣工测量 5.7.1隧道贯通后应以始发和接收工作井内的控制点为起算点,对隧道内的导线点和水准点分别重新组成附合路线或附合网,测量结果作为隧道竣工测量以及后续施工测量的依据。 5.7.2竣工测量应包括隧道轴线平面偏差、高程偏差、衬砌环椭圆度和隧道纵横断面测量等。 5.7.3竣工测量可采用全站仪解析法、断面仪法、近景摄影测量法或三维激光扫描法。 5.7.4地铁、铁路隧道应在直线段每10环、曲线段每5环测量1个横断面,横断面上的测点位置、数量应按设计要求确定;公路、水工隧道等其他隧道应按设计要求确定横断面间距和测点位置。 5.7.5横断面测量中误差应为±10mm。 5.7.6竣工测量结果应按要求归档。 6管片生产与验收 6.1一般规定 6.1.1管片生产应具有健全的质量管理体系、质量控制和检验制度,并应制定安全生产和绿色生产制度。 6.1.2管片生产操作人员应进行技术培训,合格后方可上岗。特殊工种应持证上岗。 6.1.3管片生产设备和设施应满足生产要求,并应定期对主要设备进行检定或测试。 6.1.4管片生产应编制施工组织设计或技术方案。 6.2原材料 6.2.1钢筋混凝土管片原材料应符合下列规定: 1应具备产品质量证明文件,并应经复检合格; 2混凝土骨料宜采用非碱活性骨料;当采用碱活性骨料时,混凝土中碱含量的限值应符合现行国家标准《混凝土结构设计规范》GB 50010的规定; 3预埋件规格和性能应符合设计要求。 6.2.2钢管片的钢材、焊接材料、防腐涂料、稀释剂和固化剂等原材料的品种、规格和性能等应符合设计要求。 6.3钢筋混凝土管片模具 6.3.1模具应具有足够的承载能力、刚度、稳定性和良好的密封性能,并应满足管片尺寸和形状等质量要求。 6.3.2模具应便于安装、拆卸和使用。 6.3.3模具验收应符合下列规定: 1模具材料应满足质量要求,焊条材质应与被焊物的材质相适应; 2模具安装后应进行初验,符合设计要求后可试生产,并应在试生产的管片中随机抽取3环进行水平拼装检验,合格后方可通过验收; 3每套模具应有原始出厂数据; 4每批模具宜配备检测工具。 6.3.4当出现下列情况之一时,应对模具进行检验,检验结果应满足钢筋混凝土管片的质量控制要求: 1模具每周转100次; 2模具受到重击或严重碰撞; 3钢筋混凝土管片几何尺寸不合格; 4模具停用超过3个月,投入生产前。 6.3.5 合模与开模应符合下列规定: 1 合模前应清理模具各部位,内表面不应有杂物和浮锈; 2 模具内表面应均匀涂刷薄层脱模剂,模板夹角处不应漏涂,且应无积累、流淌现象,钢筋骨架和预埋件严禁接触脱模剂; 3螺栓孔预埋件、注浆孔预埋件以及其他预埋件和模具接触面应密封良好; 4合模与开模应按使用说明书规定操作,并应保护模具和管片; 5合模后应核对快速组装标记,模具接缝处不应漏浆。6.3.6管片出模强度应符合设计要求;当设计无要求时,应根据管片尺寸、混凝土强度设计等级、起吊方式和存放形式等因素综合确定。 |
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