GB 40559-2024 Lithium ion cells and batteries used in electrical self-balancing vehicles and scooters —Safety technical specification
Lithium ion cells and batteries used in electric self-balancing vehicles and scooters - Safety technical specification
1 Scope
This document specifies the safety requirements for lithium-ion cells and batteries used in electric self-balancing vehicles and scooters, and describes the corresponding test methods.
This document is applicable to lithium-ion cells and batteries used in electric self-balancing vehicles, electric scooters and similar products.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 2423.5 Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test Ea and guidance: Shock
GB/T 2423.10 Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests methods - Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
GB/T 2423.21 Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test M: Low air pressure
GB/T 2423.22 Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests methods - Test N: Change of temperature
GB 4943.1-2022 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment - Part 1: Safety requirements
GB/T 5169.5-2020 Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 5: Test flames - Needle-flame test method - Apparatus, confirmatory test arrangement and guidance
GB/T 17626.2 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Electrostatic discharge immunity test
SJ/T 11685-2017 Lithium ion cells and batteries used in self-balancing vehicle - Safety requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
lithium ion cell
device that realizes mutual conversion between chemical energy and electrical energy by lithium ion moving between positive and negative electrodes, and is designed to be rechargeable
Note 1: Hereinafter referred to as cell.
Note 2: The device generally includes electrodes, diaphragms, electrolytes, containers, terminals, etc.
3.2
lithium ion battery
energy storage device consisting of one or more connected cells, which may include protection and monitoring devices that give information (cell voltage, etc.) to the system
Note 1: Hereinafter referred to as battery.
Note 2: It may incorporate a protective housing provided with terminals or other interconnection arrangement.
[Source: IEC 62619:2022, 3.10, modified]
3.3
battery management system; BMS
electronic system which is connected with the battery, capable of cutting off the circuit under overcharge, overcurrent, overdischarge and overheating, and used to monitor and/or manage the state of the battery, calculate secondary data, report data and/or control the environment to influence the safety, performance and/or service life of the battery
Note 1: Overdischarge cut off is not mandatory if there is an agreement between the cell manufacturer and the customer.
Note 2: The functions of BMS may be available on the battery or on the equipment using the battery.
Note 3: The BMS may be separated, possibly with a part in the battery and a part at the application end.
Note 4: The BMS is sometimes also referred to as a BMU (battery management unit).
Note 5: The functions of BMS may be assigned to the battery or equipment using the battery.
[Source: IEC 62619:2022, 3.12]
3.4
battery system
system comprising one or more cells, modules or batteries
Note 1: It has a BMS capable of controlling current in case of overcharge, overcurrent, overdischarge, and overheating.
Note 2: Overdischarge cut off is not mandatory if there is an agreement between the cell manufacturer and the customer.
Note 3: The battery system may have cooling or heating units, some of which have charge-discharge module, inverter module, etc.
Note 4: In this document, the requirements for the battery system are equivalent to those for batteries.
[Source: IEC 62619:2022, 3.11, modified]
3.5
cell block
group of cells connected together in parallel configuration with or without protective devices (e.g. fuse or positive temperature coefficient (PTC) device) and monitoring circuitry
Note 1: Hereinafter referred to as parallel block.
Note 2: It is not ready for use in an application because it is not yet fitted with its final housing, terminal arrangement and electronic control device.
[Source: IEC 63056:2020, 3.8]
3.6
electric self-balancing vehicle
wheeled manned moving platform based on inverted pendulum model and static instability principle, equipped with a rechargeable electric drive system and maintaining dynamic balance in autonomous or manual control mode
Note: The electric self-balancing vehicle is referred to as "self-balancing vehicle" for short.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Test conditions
4.1 Applicability of tests
4.2 Environmental conditions of tests
4.3 Parameter measurement tolerances
4.4 Temperature measurement method
4.5 Charging and discharging procedures for tests
4.6 Single fault condition
4.7 Type test
5 General safety requirements
5.1 General safety considerations
5.2 Safe operating parameters
5.3 Marking and warning instructions
6 Electrical safety tests for cells
6.1 External short circuit at high temperature
6.2 Over charge
7 Environmental safety tests for cells
7.1 Low air pressure
7.2 Temperature cycling
7.3 Vibration
7.4 Acceleration impact
7.5 Drop
7.6 Impact/extrusion with weight
7.7 Thermal abuse
7.8 Nail penetration
8 Environmental safety tests for battery system
8.1 Low air pressure
8.2 Temperature cycling
8.3 Vibration
8.4 Acceleration impact
8.5 Drop
8.6 Stress relief
8.7 Water immersion
8.8 Flame retardance requirements
8.9 Thermal propagation
9 Functional electrical safety test of battery system
9.1 Basic requirements of battery management system
9.2 Over voltage for charge
9.3 Single cell over voltage control
9.4 Low voltage for discharge
9.5 Over current for charge
9.6 Over current for discharge
9.7 External short circuit
9.8 Charging temperature protection
9.9 Discharging temperature protection
9.10 Reverse charging protection
10 Safety-critical components
10.1 Basic requirements
10.2 Evaluation and test of components
11 Safety requirements for high-voltage batteries
Annex A (Normative) Test sequence
Annex B (Normative) Test equipment and measuring instruments
Annex C (Normative) Flame retardance test method for wires
Bibliography
