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Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. All technical contents of this standard are compulsory. This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard replaces GB/T 19851.11-2005 Sports equipment and playground for middle school & primary school - Part 11: Synthetic surfaced athletic ground. In addition to editorial changes, the following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 19851.11-2005: ——The terms "synthetic surface", "in-situ casting surface", "prefabricated surface", "artificial turf surface", "permeable surface”, "non-permeable surface", "solid raw materials", "non-solid raw materials", "thickness", "shock absorbency", "vertical deformation", "tensile strength", "elongation at break", "anti-skidding value", "aging resistance", "flame retardance", "total volatile organic compounds" and "volatile organic compounds" and their definitions are added, and the terms "synthetic surfaced", "abstract", "recovery rate from compression" and "the first class flame resistance" and their definitions are deleted (see Clause 3 of this standard; Clause 3 of Edition 2005); ——"Classification" is added (see Clause 4); ——The paving requirements are added (see 5.1); ——The thickness requirements are modified (see 5.2 of this standard; 4.4 of Edition 2005); ——The requirements for appearance and specification, marking line and abstract are deleted (see 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 of Edition 2005); ——The items including shock absorbency, vertical deformation and anti-skidding value and their index requirements are added in the physical and mechanical properties, the requirements for hardness (Shore A), recovery rate from compression and rebound value performance are deleted, and the tensile strength item and its index requirements as well as the elongation at break and its index requirements are modified (see 5.3.1 of this standard; 4.6 of Edition 2005); ——The test methods for thickness, tensile strength, elongation at break and flame retardance are modified (see 6.1, 6.4 and 6.6 of this standard; Annex B, 5.6 and Annex E of Edition 2005); ——The test methods for shock absorbency, vertical deformation and anti-skidding value are added (see Annexes D, E and F); ——The requirements for physical and mechanical properties of and test methods for artificial turf surface are added (see 5.3.2, 6.2, 6.3, 6.7 and 6.8); ——The requirements and test method for the aging resistance of synthetic surface are added (see 5.4 and 6.9); ——The requirements and test method for inorganic filler content in synthetic surface except artificial turf surface are added (see 5.5.1 and 6.10); ——The requirements and test methods for the total polymer content in the anti-skidding rubber granules for synthetic surface and in the synthetic granules filled in artificial turf surface are added (see 5.5.2 and 6.11); ——The requirements for limits of harmful substances, odor requirements and test methods for finished products and raw materials of sports areas with synthetic surfaces are added (see 5.6, Annex A, Annex B, Annex G, Annex H, Annex I, Annex J, 6.12, 6.13, 6.14 and 6.15); ——The sampling requirements are added (see Clause 7); ——The inspection rules are added (see Clause 8). This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China. The previous edition of this standard is as follows: ——GB/T 19851.11-2005. Sports areas with synthetic surfaces for primary and middle schools 1 Scope This standard specifies the terms and definitions, classification, technical requirements, test methods, sampling requirements and inspection rules for sports areas with synthetic surfaces for primary and middle schools. This standard is applicable to the design, material selection, paving, inspection and acceptance of the outdoor sports areas with synthetic surfaces constructed, renovated and extended in primary and secondary schools. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 4498.1-2013 Rubber - Determination of ash - Part 1: Muffle furnace method GB/T 6682-2008 Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods GB/T 10111-2008 Generation of random numbers and procedures applied to sampling inspection for product quality GB/T 10654-2001 Flexible cellular polymeric materials - Determination of tensile strength and elongation at break GB/T 14833-2011 Synthetic materials track surfaces GB/T 14837.1 Rubber and rubber products - Determination of the composition of vulcanizates and uncured compounds by thermogravimetry - Part 1: Butadiene, ethylene-propylene copolymer and terpolymer, isobutene-isoprene, isoprene and styrene-butadiene rubbers GB/T 14837.2 Rubber and rubber products - Determination of the composition of vulcanizates and uncured compounds by thermogravimetry - Part 2: Acrylonitrile-butadiene and halobutyl rubbers GB/T 16422.2-2014 Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 2: Xenon-arc sources GB/T 16483 Safety data sheet for chemical products - Content and order of sections GB/T 18204.2 Examination methods for public places - Part 2: Chemical pollutants GB/T 18446 Binders for paints and varnishes - Determination of monomeric diisocyanates in isocyanate resins GB 18581-2009 Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials - Limit of harmful substances of solvent based coatings for woodenware GB 18583 Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials - Limit of harmful substances of adhesives GB/T 18883-2002 Indoor air quality standard GB/T 22517.6 Technical requirements and test methods for sports field - Part 6: Track and field GB/T 23986-2009 Paints and varnishes - Determination of volatile organic compound (VOC) content - Gas-chromatographic method GB/T 23991 Determination of soluble harmful elements content of coatings HJ 865-2017 Technical specification for olfactory laboratory construction QB/T 1090-2001 Test method for pull-out force of carpet tufting ISO 16000-3 Indoor air - Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in indoor air and test chamber air - Active sampling method ISO 16000-6 Indoor air - Part 6: Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber air by active sampling on Tenax TA sorbent, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS or MSFID 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T 10654-2001, GB/T 14833-2011, GB 18581-2009 and GB/T 18883-2002 as well as the following apply. For ease of use, some terms and definitions in GB/T 10654-2001, GB/T 14833-2011, GB 18581-2009 and GB/T 18883-2002 are repeatedly listed below. 3.1 synthetic surface a layer of polymer synthetic material laid on an asphalt concrete or cement concrete base course 3.2 in-situ casting surface a surface layer formed by casting the polymer material and other materials on site 3.3 prefabricated surface a surface layer formed on site by bonding or assembling the coil or block materials of a certain thickness which are pre-prepared with polymer synthetic materials according to a certain production process 3.4 artificial turf surface a synthetic surface formed by mechanically weaving and fixing the synthetic fibers similar to natural grass onto the base fabric layer 3.5 permeable surface a type of synthetic surface with gap structure made by resin-bonded rubber crumbs or other methods, through which water flows in addition to surface runoff Note: Adapted from GB/T 14833-2011, 3.2.1. 3.6 non-permeable surface a type of synthetic surface of a specific structure, with dense vertical section or a small amount of pores Note: Adapted from GB/T 14833-2011, 3.2.2. 3.7 solid raw materials synthetic materials that exist in a solid form during paving Note: The solid raw materials include styrene-butadiene rubber granules, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber granules, polyurethane rubber granules, thermoplastic elastomer, prefabricated coils, artificial grass, etc. 3.8 non-solid raw materials synthetic materials that exist in a non-solid form during paving Note: The non-solid raw materials include various adhesives, prepolymers and polyol resin components for in-situ casting surface, etc. 3.9 thickness total vertical distance between the top surface and bottom surface of the synthetic surface 3.10 shock absorbency shock mitigation performance of the synthetic surface 3.11 vertical deformation deformation of the synthetic surface in the vertical direction when a 20kg weight falls onto it from a specified height 3.12 tensile strength maximum tensile stress applied to the tensile specimen at the time it breaks [GB/T 10654-2001, Definition 3.1] 3.13 elongation at break percent elongation of the specimen at the time it breaks [GB/T 10654-2001, Definition 3.2] 3.14 anti-skidding value degree to which the synthetic surface absorbs energy through sliding friction resistance in a dry or wet state 3.15 aging resistance postponed and delayed aging property of the synthetic surface 3.16 flame retardance postponed flame spread property of the synthetic surface 3.17 total volatile organic compounds; TVOC the volatile organic compounds with retention time between n-hexane and n-hexadecane when sampled by Tenax GC or Tenax TA and analyzed with a non-polar column (polarity index: <10) [GB/T 18883-2002, Definition 3.3] 3.18 volatile organic compounds; VOC organic compounds of which the initial boiling point is lower than or equal to 250℃ under the standard atmosphere pressure of 101.3kPa [GB 18581-2009, Definition 3.1] 4 Classification 4.1 The sports areas with synthetic surfaces are classified into track-and-field ground, ball field and other activity space according to their functions. 4.2 The synthetic surfaces are classified into in-situ casting surface, prefabricated surface and artificial turf surface according to the material form. 5 Technical requirements 5.1 Paving requirements 5.1.1 The paving of the synthetic surface shall include a comprehensive evaluation on the ventilation and diffusion conditions of the site and its surroundings, shall be conducive to the emission of volatile organic compounds, and avoid pollution to the site and surrounding environment by waste gas, waste water, solid waste, etc. 5.1.2 Before paving, a list of required raw materials (including product name and quantity), and the safety data sheet for chemical products and the type inspection report prepared in accordance with GB/T 16483 shall be provided. The raw materials used and the sports areas after paving shall not cause harm to human health and the ecological environment under normal and intended service conditions. 5.1.3 Coal tar pitch shall not be used as the base material of sports areas. 5.2 Thickness The thickness of in-situ casting surface and prefabricated surface shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 1. Table 1 Thickness requirements for in-situ casting surface and prefabricated surface a Type Index Requirement Track-and- field ground 400m track-and-field ground Average thickness: ≥13mm Except for the area to be thickened, the average surface thickness of the ground shall be ≥13mm, and the area with a thickness less than 10% of the specified thickness shall be ≤10% of the total area; the surface thickness of any area shall be ≥10mm. The surface thickness of the last 3m section of the runway in the high jump taking-off ground, the last 13m section of the runway in the triple jump ground, the last 8m section of the runway in the pole vault ground, the last 8m section of the runway in javelin throwing ground and the area at the front end of the throwing arc shall be ≥20mm. The surface thickness of the landing area of steeplechase pool shall be ≥25mm Non-400m track-and-field ground Average thickness: ≥13mm The average surface thickness of the ground shall be ≥13mm, and the area with a thickness less than 10% of the specified thickness shall be ≤10% of the total area; the surface thickness of any area shall be ≥10mm Ball field Average thickness: ≥8mm The average surface thickness of the field shall be ≥8mm, and the area with a thickness less than 10% of the specified thickness shall be ≤10% of the total area; the surface thickness of any area shall be ≥6mm Other activity spaces Average thickness: ≥10mm The average surface thickness of the field shall be ≥10mm, and the area with a thickness less than 10% of the specified thickness shall be ≤10% of the total area; the surface thickness of any area shall be ≥8mm a Excluding the acrylic acid-coated surfaces of sports areas for professional competitions. 5.3 Physical and mechanical properties 5.3.1 The physical and mechanical properties of in-situ casting surface and prefabricated surface shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 2. Table 2 Physical and mechanical properties of in-situ casting surface and prefabricated surfacea Item Requirement Shock absorbency/% Track-and-field ground 35~50 Ball field 20~50 Other activity spaces 25~50 Vertical deformation/mm 0.6~3.0 Anti-skidding value (20℃)/BPN Track-and-field ground ≥47 (wet test) Ball field and other activity spaces 80~110 (dry test) Tensile strength/MPa Permeable surface ≥0.4 Non-permeable surface ≥0.5 Elongation at break/% ≥40 Flame retardance/grade I a Excluding the acrylic acid-coated surfaces of sports areas for professional competitions. 5.3.2 The physical and mechanical properties of the finished artificial turf surface and turf filaments shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 3. Table 3 Physical and mechanical properties of the finished artificial turf surface and turf filaments Item Requirement Shock absorbency/% 45~70 Vertical deformation/mm 4~11 Breaking force of turf filament/N Tape yarn ≥60 Monofilament ≥10 Pull-out force of a single tuft of filaments/N ≥20 5.4 Artificial weathering performance of synthetic surface 5.4.1 The tensile strength and elongation at break of in-situ casting surface and prefabricated surface after undergoing accelerated aging for 500h shall meet the requirements of Table 2. 5.4.2 The breaking force of turf filament of artificial turf surface after undergoing accelerated aging for 500h shall not be less than 80% of the value determined before accelerated aging. 5.5 Contents of inorganic fillers and polymers in synthetic surface 5.5.1 In the synthetic surfaces other than the artificial turf surface, the content of inorganic fillers shall be ≤65%. 5.5.2 The total polymer content in the anti-skidding rubber granules for synthetic surface and in the synthetic granules filled in artificial turf surface shall be ≥20%. 5.6 Limits of harmful substances in and odor of finished synthetic surfaces and raw materials 5.6.1 Limits of harmful substances in and odor of finished synthetic surfaces The limits of harmful substances in and odor of finished in-situ casting surface and prefabricated surface shall meet the requirements of Table 4, and the limits of harmful substances in finished artificial turf surface shall meet the requirements of Table 5. Table 4 Requirements for limits of harmful substances in and odor of finished in-situ casting surface and prefabricated surface Item Requirement Content of harmful substance Sum of 3 phthalate esters (DBP, BBP and DEHP) a/(g/kg) ≤1.0 Sum of 3 phthalate esters (DNOP, DINP and DIDP) a/(g/kg) ≤1.0 Sum of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons b/(mg/kg) ≤50 ≤20c Benzo(a)pyrenea/(mg/kg) ≤1.0 Short chain chlorinated paraffins (C10-C13)/(g/kg) ≤1.5 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dichlorodiphenylmethane (MOCA)/(g/kg) ≤1.0 Sum of free toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and free hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)/(g/kg) ≤0.2 Free diphenyl-methane-diisocyanate (MDI)/(g/kg) ≤1.0 Soluble lead/(mg/kg) ≤50 Soluble cadmium/(mg/kg) ≤10 Soluble chromium/(mg/kg) ≤10 Soluble mercury/(mg/kg) ≤2 Release amount of harmful substances Total volatile organic compounds (TVOC)/[mg/(m2·h)] ≤5.0 Formaldehyde/[mg/(m2·h)] ≤0.4 Benzene/[mg/(m2·h)] ≤0.1 Sum of toluene, xylene and ethylbenzene/[mg/(m2·h)] ≤1.0 Carbon disulfide/[mg/(m2·h)] ≤7.0 Odor Odor rating/grade ≤3 a See Annex A for the specific names of phthalate esters. b See Annex B for the specific names of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. c Take the part within 5mm from the upper surface of the synthetic surface for testing. Table 5 Requirements for limits of harmful substances in finished artificial turf surface Item Requirement Content of harmful substance Sum of 3 phthalate esters (DBP, BBP and DEHP) a/(g/kg) ≤1.0 Sum of 3 phthalate esters (DNOP, DINP and DIDP) a/(g/kg) ≤1.0 Sum of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons b/(mg/kg) ≤50 Benzo(a)pyrenea/(mg/kg) ≤1.0 Soluble lead/(mg/kg) ≤50 Soluble cadmium/(mg/kg) ≤10 Soluble chromium/(mg/kg) ≤10 Soluble mercury/(mg/kg) ≤2 Release amount of harmful substances Total volatile organic compounds (TVOC)/[mg/(m2·h)] ≤5.0 Formaldehyde/[mg/(m2·h)] ≤0.4 Benzene/[mg/(m2·h)] ≤0.1 Sum of toluene, xylene and ethylbenzene/[mg/(m2·h)] ≤1.0 a See Annex A for the specific names of phthalate esters. b See Annex B for the specific names of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 5.6.2 Limits of harmful substances in and odor of raw materials for synthetic surface 5.6.2.1 The requirements for limits of harmful substances in and odor of solid raw materials (including anti-skidding granules, filling granules, and prefabricated surface and artificial turf before paving, etc.) used during paving shall meet the requirements of Table 6. Foreword V 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Classification 5 Technical requirements 5.1 Paving requirements 5.2 Thickness 5.3 Physical and mechanical properties 5.4 Artificial weathering performance of synthetic surface 5.5 Contents of inorganic fillers and polymers in synthetic surface 5.6 Limits of harmful substances in and odor of finished synthetic surfaces and raw materials 6 Test method 6.1 Determination of thickness 6.2 Determination of shock absorbency 6.3 Determination of vertical deformation 6.4 Tensile strength and elongation at break 6.5 Determination of anti-skidding value 6.6 Determination of flame retardance 6.7 Determination of breaking force of turf filament 6.8 Determination of pull-out force of a single tuft of filaments 6.9 Determination of aging resistance 6.10 Determination of inorganic filler content 6.11 Determination of total polymer content 6.12 Determination of the content of harmful substances in the finished synthetic surface and solid raw materials 6.13 Determination of the release amount of harmful substances in the finished synthetic surface 6.14 Odor assessment 6.15 Determination of harmful substances in non-solid raw materials of synthetic surface 7 Sampling requirements 7.1 Witness sampling 7.2 Synthetic surface raw material samples 7.3 Sample of finished synthetic surface 7.4 Transportation, storage and testing time 8 Inspection rules 8.1 Acceptance inspection 8.2 Type inspection 8.3 Judgment of inspection result 8.4 Re-inspection rules 8.5 Judgment principle of site compliance Annex A (Normative) Test on phthalate esters content - Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry A.1 General A.2 Principle A.3 Materials and reagents A.4 Apparatuses A.5 Analytical procedures A.6 Result calculation A.7 Detection limit A.8 Precision Annex B (Normative) Test on content of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry B.1 General B.2 Principle B.3 Materials and reagents B.4 Apparatuses B.5 Analytical procedures B.6 Result calculation B.7 Detection limit B.8 Precision Annex C (Normative) Measuring method for the thickness of surface of ball fields and other activity spaces C.1 Measuring instruments C.2 Measuring method C.3 Result calculation Annex D (Normative) Test method for shock absorbency of synthetic surface D.1 Test device D.2 Test method D.3 Result calculation Annex E (Normative) Test method for vertical deformation of synthetic surface E.1 Test device E.2 Test method E.3 Result expression Annex F (Normative) Test method for anti-skidding value of synthetic surface F.1 Test device F.2 Test method Annex G (Normative) Test on short chain chlorinated paraffins (C10-C13) content - Gas chromatography-Electron capture negative chemical ionization source mass spectrometry G.1 General G.2 Principle G.3 Reagents and materials G.4 Apparatuses G.5 Analytical procedures G.6 Result calculation G.7 Detection limit G.8 Precision Annex H (Normative) Test on content of 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dichlorodiphenylmethane (MOCA) H.1 General H.2 Method 1: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (arbitration method) H.3 Method 2: High-performance liquid chromatography Annex I (Normative) Test on release of harmful substances - Small environmental test chamber method I.1 General I.2 Principle I.3 Small environmental test chamber I.4 Test conditions in environmental test chamber I.5 Specimen preparation I.6 Test procedures I.7 Test method for thermal desorption of carbon disulfide in air I.8 Result calculation I.9 Detection limit Annex J (Normative) Odor assessment J.1 Test equipment and assessment team J.2 Sample preparation J.3 Odor assessment J.4 Odor assessment grade J.5 Result expression Annex K (Normative) Rules for determining sampling location in sports areas with synthetic surfaces K.1 Principle K.2 Equipment K.3 Test methods Bibliography Figure D.1 Shock absorption tester Figure E.1 Vertical deformation tester Figure F.1 Portable resistance tester Figure I.1 Schematic diagram of small environmental test chamber Table 1 Thickness requirements for in-situ casting surface and prefabricated surface a Table 2 Physical and mechanical properties of in-situ casting surface and prefabricated surfacea Table 3 Physical and mechanical properties of the finished artificial turf surface and turf filaments Table 4 Requirements for limits of harmful substances in and odor of finished in-situ casting surface and prefabricated surface Table 5 Requirements for limits of harmful substances in finished artificial turf surface Table 6 Requirements for limits of harmful substances in and odor of solid raw materials Table 7 Requirements for limits of harmful substances in non-solid raw materials a Table A.1 Qualitative reference ion and quantitative selected ions of 6 phthalate esters Table A.2 Reference detection limits for the content of the 6 phthalate esters Table B.1 Qualitative reference ions and quantitative selected ions of 18 PAHs and internal standard substances Table G.1 Qualitative reference ion and quantitative selected ion of short chain chlorinated paraffins (C10-C13) Table H.1 Qualitative reference ion and quantitative selected ion of MOCA and internal standard substance Table I.1 Air sampling in environmental test chamber and the analysis methods Table J.1 Odor grade 中小学合成材料面层运动场地 1 范围 本标准规定了中小学合成材料面层运动场地的术语和定义、分类、技术要求、试验方法、取样要求及检验规则。 本标准适用于中小学校新建、改建和扩建的室外合成材料面层运动场地的设计、选材、铺装、检测与验收。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB/T 4498.1—2013 橡胶 灰分的测定 第1部分：马弗炉法 GB/T 6682—2008 分析实验室用水规格和试验方法 GB/T 10111—2008 随机数的产生及其在产品质量抽样检验中的应用程序 GB/T 10654—2001 高聚物多孔弹性材料 拉伸强度和拉断伸长率的测定 GB/T 14833—2011 合成材料跑道面层 GB/T 14837.1 橡胶和橡胶制品 热重分析法测定硫化胶和未硫化胶的成分 第1部分：丁二烯橡胶、乙烯-丙烯二元和三元共聚物、异丁烯-异戊二烯橡胶、异戊二烯橡胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶GB/T 14837.2 橡胶和橡胶制品 热重分析法测定硫化胶和未硫化胶的成分 第2部分：丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶和卤化丁基橡胶 GB/T 16422.2—2014 塑料 实验室光源暴露试验方法 第2部分：氙弧灯 GB/T 16483 化学品安全技术说明书 内容和项目顺序 GB/T 18204.2 公共场所卫生检验方法 第2部分：化学污染物 GB/T 18446 色漆和清漆用漆基 异氰酸酯树脂中二异氰酸酯单体的测定 GB 18581—2009 室内装饰装修材料 溶剂型木器涂料中有害物质限量 GB 18583 室内装饰装修材料 胶粘剂中有害物质限量 GB/T 18883—2002 室内空气质量标准 GB/T 22517.6 体育场地使用要求及检验方法 第6部分：田径场地 GB/T 23986—2009 色漆和清漆 挥发性有机化合物(VOC)含量的测定 气相色谱法 GB/T 23991 涂料中可溶性有害元素含量的测定 HJ865—2017 恶臭嗅觉实验室建设技术规范 QB/T1090—2001 地毯绒簇拔出力的试验方法 ISO16000-3 室内空气 第3部分：室内空气和实验室空气中甲醛与其他羰基化合物的测定 主动取样法(Indoor air—Part 3：Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in indoor air and test chamber air—Active sampling method) ISO16000-6 室内空气 第6部分：通过Tenax TA 吸附剂、热解吸以及使用质谱(MS)或质谱-火焰离子化检测器(MS-FID)的气相色谱主动取样来测定室内和实验室空气中的挥发性有机化合物(Indoor air—Part 6：Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber air by active sampling on Tenax TA sorbent，thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS or MSFID) 3 术语和定义 GB/T 10654—2001、GB/T 14833—2011、GB 18581—2009和GB/T 18883—2002界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。为了便于使用，以下重复列出了GB/T 10654—2001、GB/T 14833—2011、GB 18581—2009和GB/T 18883—2002中的某些术语和定义。 3.1 合成材料面层 synthetic surface 铺装在沥青混凝土或水泥混凝土等基础层上的高分子合成材料层。 3.2 现浇型面层 in-situ casting surface 将高分子原料和其他原料在现场浇注铺装的面层。 3.3 预制型面层 prefabricated surface 按一定的生产工艺流程将高分子合成材料预先制备成一定厚度的卷材或块材，至现场粘结或拼装的面层。 3.4 人造草面层 artificial turf surface 以类似天然草的合成纤维经机械编织固定于底布层上所形成的合成材料面层。 3.5 渗水型面层 permeable surface 由树脂粘合橡胶碎粒或其他方法制造的具有缝隙结构的一类合成材料面层。水在该类型面层上除存在表面径流外，还存在通过面层的流动形式。 注：改写自GB/T 14833—2011中3.2.1。 3.6 非渗水型面层 non-permeable surface 垂直剖面致密或有少量气孔及带有特定结构形式的一类合成材料面层。 注：改写自GB/T 14833—2011中3.2.2。 3.7 固体原料 solid raw materials 在铺装时以固体形式存在的合成材料。 注：如丁苯橡胶颗粒、三元乙丙橡胶颗粒、聚氨酯橡胶颗粒、热塑性弹性体、预制卷材、人造草等。 3.8 非固体原料 non-solid raw materials 在铺装时以非固体形式存在的合成材料。 注：如各种胶粘剂、现浇型面层用预聚体和多元醇树脂组分等。 3.9 厚度 thickness 合成材料面层表面与其底面之间的总垂直距离。 3.10 冲击吸收 shock absorbency 合成材料面层对冲击力的减缓性能。 3.11 垂直变形 vertical deformation 20kg重物以规定的高度落在合成材料面层时，合成材料面层在垂直方向的变形。 3.12 拉伸强度 tensile strength 拉伸试样到断裂所施加的最大拉伸应力。 [GB/T 10654—2001，定义3.1] 3.13 拉断伸长率 elongation at break 断裂试样的百分伸长率。 [GB/T 10654—2001，定义3.2] 3.14 抗滑值 anti-skidding value 合成材料面层在干燥或潮湿状态下通过滑动摩擦阻力吸收能量的程度。 3.15 耐老化性能 aging resistance 合成材料面层具有的推迟延缓老化的性质。 3.16 阻燃性能 flame retardance 合成材料面层具有的推迟火焰蔓延的性质。 3.17 总挥发性有机化合物 total volatile organic compounds；TVOC 利用Tenax GC或Tenax TA 采样，非极性色谱柱(极性指数小于10)进行分析，保留时间在正己烷和正十六烷之间的挥发性有机化合物。 [GB/T 18883—2002，定义3.3] 3.18 挥发性有机化合物 volatile organic compounds；VOC 在101.3kPa标准大气压下，任何初沸点低于或等于250℃的有机化合物。 [GB 18581—2009，定义3.1] 4 分类 4.1 合成材料面层运动场地按使用功能分为田径场地、球类场地和其他活动场地。 4.2 合成材料面层按材料形态分为现浇型面层、预制型面层和人造草面层。 5 技术要求 5.1 铺装要求 5.1.1 合成材料面层的铺装应综合评估场地及其周边的通风、扩散条件，应有利于挥发性有机化合物的散发，并避免铺装时废气、废水、固体废弃物等对场地及周边环境的污染。 5.1.2 铺装前应提供所需使用的原料清单(包括品名和数量)、按照GB/T 16483编写的化学品安全技术说明书和型式检验报告，所使用的原料以及铺装后的运动场地在正常及预期使用条件下不应对人体健康和生态环境产生危害。 5.1.3 不应使用煤焦油沥青作为场地基础材料。 5.2 厚度 现浇型和预制型面层厚度应符合表1规定。 表1 现浇型和预制型面层a 厚度要求 类型 指标 要求 田径场地 400m田径场地 平均厚度≥13mm 除需加厚区域外，场地面层平均厚度应≥13mm，低于规定厚度10%的面积应≤总面积的10%；任何区域的厚度均应≥10mm。 跳高起跳区助跑道最后3m、三级跳远助跑道最后13m、撑竿跳高助跑道最后8m、掷标枪助跑道最后8m以及起掷弧前端的区域厚度均应≥20mm。 障碍赛跑水池落地区面层厚度应≥25mm 非400m田径场地 平均厚度≥13mm 场地面层平均厚度应≥13mm，低于规定厚度10%的面积应≤总面积的10%；任何区域的厚度均应≥10mm 球类场地 平均厚度≥8mm 场地面层平均厚度应≥8mm，低于规定厚度10%的面积应≤总面积的10%；任何区域的厚度均应≥6mm 其他活动场地 平均厚度≥10mm 场地面层平均厚度应≥10mm，低于规定厚度10%的面积应≤总面积的10%；任何区域的厚度均应≥8mm a不含专业比赛用丙烯酸涂层运动场地面层。 5.3 物理机械性能 5.3.1 现浇型和预制型面层物理机械性能应符合表2规定。 表2 现浇型和预制型面层a 物理机械性能要求 项目 要求 冲击吸收 /% 田径场地 35~50 球类场地 20~50 其他活动场地 25~50 垂直变形 /mm 0.6~3.0 抗滑值 (20℃)/BPN 田径场地 ≥47(湿测) 球类场地及其他活动场地 80~110(干测) 拉伸强度 /MPa 渗水型面层 ≥0.4 非渗水型面层 ≥0.5 拉断伸长率 /% ≥40 阻燃性能 /级 Ⅰ a不含专业比赛用丙烯酸涂层运动场地面层。 5.3.2 人造草面层成品及草丝的物理机械性能应符合表3规定。 表3 人造草面层成品及草丝的物理机械性能要求 项目 要求 冲击吸收 /% 45~70 垂直变形 /mm 4~11 草丝拉断力 /N 开网丝 ≥60 单丝 ≥10 单簇草丝拔出力 /N ≥20 5.4 合成材料面层耐人工气候老化性能 5.4.1 现浇型和预制型面层加速老化500h后，拉伸强度和拉断伸长率应符合表2要求。 5.4.2 人造草面层草丝加速老化500h后，草丝拉断力应不低于加速老化前测定值的80%。 5.5 合成材料面层中无机填料及高聚物的含量 5.5.1 除人造草面层以外的合成材料面层中，无机填料含量应≤65%。 5.5.2 合成材料面层防滑胶粒及人造草面层填充用合成材料颗粒中高聚物总量应≥20%。 5.6 合成材料面层成品和原料中有害物质限量及气味 5.6.1 合成材料面层成品中有害物质限量及气味 现浇型和预制型面层成品中有害物质限量及气味应符合表4要求，人造草面层成品中有害物质限量应符合表5要求。 表4 现浇型和预制型面层成品中有害物质限量及气味要求 项目 要求 有害物质含量 3种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(DBP、BBP、DEHP)总和a/(g/kg) ≤1.0 3种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(DNOP、DINP、DIDP)总和a/(g/kg) ≤1.0 18种多环芳烃总和b/(mg/kg) ≤50 ≤20c 苯并[a]芘/(mg/kg) ≤1.0 短链氯化石蜡(C10-C13)/(g/kg) ≤1.5 4，4'-二氨基-3，3'-二氯二苯甲烷(MOCA)/(g/kg) ≤1.0 游离甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和游离六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)总和/(g/kg) ≤0.2 游离二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)/(g/kg) ≤1.0 可溶性铅/(mg/kg) ≤50 可溶性镉/(mg/kg) ≤10 可溶性铬/(mg/kg) ≤10 可溶性汞mk ≤2 有害物质释放量 总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)/[mg/(m2·h)] ≤5.0 甲醛/[mg/(m2·h)] ≤0.4 苯/[mg/(m2·h)] ≤0.1 甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯总和/[mg/(m2·h)] ≤1.0 二硫化碳/[mg/(m2·h)] ≤7.0 气味 气味等级 /级 ≤3 a邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的具体名称见附录 A。 b 18种多环芳烃的具体名称见附录 B。 c取距合成材料面层上表面 5mm以内的部分进行测试。 表5 人造草面层成品中有害物质限量要求 项目 要求 有害物质含量 3种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(DBP、BBP、DEHP)总和a/(g/kg) ≤1.0 3种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(DNOP、DINP、DIDP)总和a/(g/kg) ≤1.0 18种多环芳烃总和b/(mg/kg) ≤50 苯并[a]芘/(mg/kg) ≤1.0 可溶性铅/(mg/kg) ≤50 可溶性镉/(mg/kg) ≤10 可溶性铬/(mg/kg) ≤10 可溶性汞/(mg/kg) ≤2 有害物质释放量 总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)/[mg/(m2·h)] ≤5.0 甲醛/[mg/(m2·h)] ≤0.4 苯/[mg/(m2·h)] ≤0.1 甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯总和/[mg/(m2·h)] ≤1.0 a邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的具体名称见附录A。 b 18种多环芳烃的具体名称见附录B。 5.6.2 合成材料面层原料中有害物质限量及气味 5.6.2.1 铺装时使用的固体原料(包括防滑颗粒、填充颗粒、铺装前的预制型面层和人造草等)中有害物质限量及气味要求应符合表6要求。 表6 固体原料中有害物质限量及气味要求 项目 要求 有害物质含量 18种多环芳烃总和a/(mg/kg) ≤50 ≤20b 苯并[a]芘/(mg/kg) ≤1.0 可溶性铅/(mg/kg) ≤50 可溶性镉/(mg/kg) ≤10 可溶性铬/(mg/kg) ≤10 可溶性汞/(mg/kg) ≤2 气味 气味等级b/级 ≤3 a 18种多环芳烃的具体名称见附录 B。 b仅人造草面层填充用合成材料颗粒适用此项。 5.6.2.2 铺装时使用的非固体原料(包括各种胶粘剂、现浇型面层用预聚体和多元醇树脂组分等)中有害物质限量应符合表7的要求。 表7 非固体原料中有害物质限量要求a 项目 要求 有害物质含量 3种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(DBP、BBP、DEHP)总和b/(g/kg) ≤1.0 3种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(DNOP、DINP、DIDP)总和b/(g/kg) ≤1.0 短链氯化石蜡(C10-C13)/(g/kg) ≤1.5 游离甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和游离六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)总和/(g/kg) ≤10 挥发性有机化合物/(g/L) ≤50 游离甲醛/(g/kg) ≤0.50 苯/(g/kg) ≤0.05 甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯总和/(g/kg) ≤1.0 可溶性铅/(mg/kg) ≤50 可溶性镉/(mg/kg) ≤10 可溶性铬/(mg/kg) ≤10 可溶性汞/(mg/kg) ≤2 a多组分样品，在测试游离甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和游离六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)总和时，应先检测固化剂样品中游离甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和游离六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)含量，然后按产品明示的施工配比进行计算；其他检测项目按照产品明示的施工配比混合后测定。 b邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的具体名称见附录A。 6 试验方法 6.1 厚度的测定 6.1.1 田径场地按GB/T 22517.6规定的方法进行。 6.1.2 球类场地及其他活动场地按附录C的规定进行。 6.2 冲击吸收的测定 按附录D的规定进行。 6.3 垂直变形的测定 按附录E的规定进行。 6.4 拉伸强度、拉断伸长率的测定 按GB/T 10654—2001规定的方法进行。 6.5 抗滑值的测定 按附录F的规定进行。 6.6 阻燃性能的测定 按GB/T 14833—2011规定的方法进行。 6.7 草丝拉断力的测定 6.7.1 试样制备 在不同行任意选择5簇草丝，从每簇草丝中任选一根草丝进行拉伸试验。 6.7.2 试验程序 在精度为1N 以上的拉力试验机上进行试验，试验速度为(250±50)mm/min，记录试样断裂时的拉断力示值，5个试样试验，取结果的算术平均值，精确到1N。 注：如果某个试样的试验结果与该批试样平均值的允差超过30%，则该试样试验无效，重新选择一根草丝进行试验。 6.8 单簇草丝拔出力的测定 按照QB/T1090—2001的规定，利用器具夹住一个单簇草丝的端头，从人造草的结构中向上拔出，并在拔出过程中记录所示的最大力值。 6.9 耐老化性能的测定 按GB/T 16422.2—2014的规定进行氙灯辐照试验，试验条件为方法A、循环序号1，试验500h后，按6.4测定拉伸强度、拉断伸长率，按6.7测定草丝拉断力。 6.10 无机填料含量的测定 按照GB/T 4498.1—2013方法A 的规定进行，试验温度(550±25)℃，测得的灰分含量作为无机填料含量。 6.11 高聚物总量的测定 按照GB/T 14837.1和GB/T 14837.2的规定进行。 6.12 合成材料面层成品和固体原料中有害物质含量的测定 6.12.1 样品前处理 取样品适量，采用冷冻研磨或不致产生热量的其他加工方式粉碎，选取粒径在0.85mm~1.40mm(20目~14目)之间的细小颗粒，作为检测用试样。制样过程应避免使用不锈钢研磨装置以防止其造成的铬等污染。如样品颗粒粒径小于1.40mm，可直接作为检测用试样。检测各项二异氰酸酯含量的试样在样品前处理过程中应避免空气中水分的影响。 对于现场挖取的样品，制样前应去除底层附着物，以避免基础层对面层材料可能的污染。 除重金属外，其余项目应在样品前处理后立即检测。 |
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| GB 36246-2018, GB/T 36246-2018, GBT 36246-2018, GB36246-2018, GB 36246, GB36246, GB/T36246-2018, GB/T 36246, GB/T36246, GBT36246-2018, GBT 36246, GBT36246 |