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All technical contents of this standard are compulsory.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 19851.11-2005 Sports equipment and playground for middle school & primary school - Part 11: Synthetic surfaced athletic ground. In addition to editorial changes, the following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 19851.11-2005:
——The terms "synthetic surface", "in-situ casting surface", "prefabricated surface", "artificial turf surface", "permeable surface”, "non-permeable surface", "solid raw materials", "non-solid raw materials", "thickness", "shock absorbency", "vertical deformation", "tensile strength", "elongation at break", "anti-skidding value", "aging resistance", "flame retardance", "total volatile organic compounds" and "volatile organic compounds" and their definitions are added, and the terms "synthetic surfaced", "abstract", "recovery rate from compression" and "the first class flame resistance" and their definitions are deleted (see Clause 3 of this standard; Clause 3 of Edition 2005);
——"Classification" is added (see Clause 4);
——The paving requirements are added (see 5.1);
——The thickness requirements are modified (see 5.2 of this standard; 4.4 of Edition 2005);
——The requirements for appearance and specification, marking line and abstract are deleted (see 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 of Edition 2005);
——The items including shock absorbency, vertical deformation and anti-skidding value and their index requirements are added in the physical and mechanical properties, the requirements for hardness (Shore A), recovery rate from compression and rebound value performance are deleted, and the tensile strength item and its index requirements as well as the elongation at break and its index requirements are modified (see 5.3.1 of this standard; 4.6 of Edition 2005);
——The test methods for thickness, tensile strength, elongation at break and flame retardance are modified (see 6.1, 6.4 and 6.6 of this standard; Annex B, 5.6 and Annex E of Edition 2005);
——The test methods for shock absorbency, vertical deformation and anti-skidding value are added (see Annexes D, E and F);
——The requirements for physical and mechanical properties of and test methods for artificial turf surface are added (see 5.3.2, 6.2, 6.3, 6.7 and 6.8);
——The requirements and test method for the aging resistance of synthetic surface are added (see 5.4 and 6.9);
——The requirements and test method for inorganic filler content in synthetic surface except artificial turf surface are added (see 5.5.1 and 6.10);
——The requirements and test methods for the total polymer content in the anti-skidding rubber granules for synthetic surface and in the synthetic granules filled in artificial turf surface are added (see 5.5.2 and 6.11);
——The requirements for limits of harmful substances, odor requirements and test methods for finished products and raw materials of sports areas with synthetic surfaces are added (see 5.6, Annex A, Annex B, Annex G, Annex H, Annex I, Annex J, 6.12, 6.13, 6.14 and 6.15);
——The sampling requirements are added (see Clause 7);
——The inspection rules are added (see Clause 8).
This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China.
The previous edition of this standard is as follows:
——GB/T 19851.11-2005.
Sports areas with synthetic surfaces for primary and middle schools
1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, classification, technical requirements, test methods, sampling requirements and inspection rules for sports areas with synthetic surfaces for primary and middle schools.
This standard is applicable to the design, material selection, paving, inspection and acceptance of the outdoor sports areas with synthetic surfaces constructed, renovated and extended in primary and secondary schools.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 4498.1-2013 Rubber - Determination of ash - Part 1: Muffle furnace method
GB/T 6682-2008 Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods
GB/T 10111-2008 Generation of random numbers and procedures applied to sampling inspection for product quality
GB/T 10654-2001 Flexible cellular polymeric materials - Determination of tensile strength and elongation at break
GB/T 14833-2011 Synthetic materials track surfaces
GB/T 14837.1 Rubber and rubber products - Determination of the composition of vulcanizates and uncured compounds by thermogravimetry - Part 1: Butadiene, ethylene-propylene copolymer and terpolymer, isobutene-isoprene, isoprene and styrene-butadiene rubbers
GB/T 14837.2 Rubber and rubber products - Determination of the composition of vulcanizates and uncured compounds by thermogravimetry - Part 2: Acrylonitrile-butadiene and halobutyl rubbers
GB/T 16422.2-2014 Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 2: Xenon-arc sources
GB/T 16483 Safety data sheet for chemical products - Content and order of sections
GB/T 18204.2 Examination methods for public places - Part 2: Chemical pollutants
GB/T 18446 Binders for paints and varnishes - Determination of monomeric diisocyanates in isocyanate resins
GB 18581-2009 Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials - Limit of harmful substances of solvent based coatings for woodenware
GB 18583 Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials - Limit of harmful substances of adhesives
GB/T 18883-2002 Indoor air quality standard
GB/T 22517.6 Technical requirements and test methods for sports field - Part 6: Track and field
GB/T 23986-2009 Paints and varnishes - Determination of volatile organic compound (VOC) content - Gas-chromatographic method
GB/T 23991 Determination of soluble harmful elements content of coatings
HJ 865-2017 Technical specification for olfactory laboratory construction
QB/T 1090-2001 Test method for pull-out force of carpet tufting
ISO 16000-3 Indoor air - Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in indoor air and test chamber air - Active sampling method
ISO 16000-6 Indoor air - Part 6: Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber air by active sampling on Tenax TA sorbent, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS or MSFID
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T 10654-2001, GB/T 14833-2011, GB 18581-2009 and GB/T 18883-2002 as well as the following apply. For ease of use, some terms and definitions in GB/T 10654-2001, GB/T 14833-2011, GB 18581-2009 and GB/T 18883-2002 are repeatedly listed below.
3.1
synthetic surface
a layer of polymer synthetic material laid on an asphalt concrete or cement concrete base course
3.2
in-situ casting surface
a surface layer formed by casting the polymer material and other materials on site
3.3
prefabricated surface
a surface layer formed on site by bonding or assembling the coil or block materials of a certain thickness which are pre-prepared with polymer synthetic materials according to a certain production process
3.4
artificial turf surface
a synthetic surface formed by mechanically weaving and fixing the synthetic fibers similar to natural grass onto the base fabric layer
3.5
permeable surface
a type of synthetic surface with gap structure made by resin-bonded rubber crumbs or other methods, through which water flows in addition to surface runoff
Note: Adapted from GB/T 14833-2011, 3.2.1.
3.6
non-permeable surface
a type of synthetic surface of a specific structure, with dense vertical section or a small amount of pores
Note: Adapted from GB/T 14833-2011, 3.2.2.
3.7
solid raw materials
synthetic materials that exist in a solid form during paving
Note: The solid raw materials include styrene-butadiene rubber granules, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber granules, polyurethane rubber granules, thermoplastic elastomer, prefabricated coils, artificial grass, etc.
3.8
non-solid raw materials
synthetic materials that exist in a non-solid form during paving
Note: The non-solid raw materials include various adhesives, prepolymers and polyol resin components for in-situ casting surface, etc.
3.9
thickness
total vertical distance between the top surface and bottom surface of the synthetic surface
3.10
shock absorbency
shock mitigation performance of the synthetic surface
3.11
vertical deformation
deformation of the synthetic surface in the vertical direction when a 20kg weight falls onto it from a specified height
3.12
tensile strength
maximum tensile stress applied to the tensile specimen at the time it breaks
[GB/T 10654-2001, Definition 3.1]
3.13
elongation at break
percent elongation of the specimen at the time it breaks
[GB/T 10654-2001, Definition 3.2]
3.14
anti-skidding value
degree to which the synthetic surface absorbs energy through sliding friction resistance in a dry or wet state
3.15
aging resistance
postponed and delayed aging property of the synthetic surface
3.16
flame retardance
postponed flame spread property of the synthetic surface
3.17
total volatile organic compounds; TVOC
the volatile organic compounds with retention time between n-hexane and n-hexadecane when sampled by Tenax GC or Tenax TA and analyzed with a non-polar column (polarity index: <10)
[GB/T 18883-2002, Definition 3.3]
3.18
volatile organic compounds; VOC
organic compounds of which the initial boiling point is lower than or equal to 250℃ under the standard atmosphere pressure of 101.3kPa
[GB 18581-2009, Definition 3.1]
4 Classification
4.1 The sports areas with synthetic surfaces are classified into track-and-field ground, ball field and other activity space according to their functions.
4.2 The synthetic surfaces are classified into in-situ casting surface, prefabricated surface and artificial turf surface according to the material form.
5 Technical requirements
5.1 Paving requirements
5.1.1 The paving of the synthetic surface shall include a comprehensive evaluation on the ventilation and diffusion conditions of the site and its surroundings, shall be conducive to the emission of volatile organic compounds, and avoid pollution to the site and surrounding environment by waste gas, waste water, solid waste, etc.
5.1.2 Before paving, a list of required raw materials (including product name and quantity), and the safety data sheet for chemical products and the type inspection report prepared in accordance with GB/T 16483 shall be provided. The raw materials used and the sports areas after paving shall not cause harm to human health and the ecological environment under normal and intended service conditions.
5.1.3 Coal tar pitch shall not be used as the base material of sports areas.
5.2 Thickness
The thickness of in-situ casting surface and prefabricated surface shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 1.
Table 1 Thickness requirements for in-situ casting surface and prefabricated surface a
Type Index Requirement
Track-and-
field ground 400m track-and-field ground Average thickness: ≥13mm Except for the area to be thickened, the average surface thickness of the ground shall be ≥13mm, and the area with a thickness less than 10% of the specified thickness shall be ≤10% of the total area; the surface thickness of any area shall be ≥10mm.
The surface thickness of the last 3m section of the runway in the high jump taking-off ground, the last 13m section of the runway in the triple jump ground, the last 8m section of the runway in the pole vault ground, the last 8m section of the runway in javelin throwing ground and the area at the front end of the throwing arc shall be ≥20mm.
The surface thickness of the landing area of steeplechase pool shall be ≥25mm
Non-400m track-and-field ground Average thickness: ≥13mm The average surface thickness of the ground shall be ≥13mm, and the area with a thickness less than 10% of the specified thickness shall be ≤10% of the total area; the surface thickness of any area shall be ≥10mm
Ball field Average thickness: ≥8mm The average surface thickness of the field shall be ≥8mm, and the area with a thickness less than 10% of the specified thickness shall be ≤10% of the total area; the surface thickness of any area shall be ≥6mm
Other activity spaces Average thickness: ≥10mm The average surface thickness of the field shall be ≥10mm, and the area with a thickness less than 10% of the specified thickness shall be ≤10% of the total area; the surface thickness of any area shall be ≥8mm
a Excluding the acrylic acid-coated surfaces of sports areas for professional competitions.
5.3 Physical and mechanical properties
5.3.1 The physical and mechanical properties of in-situ casting surface and prefabricated surface shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 2.
Table 2 Physical and mechanical properties of in-situ casting surface and prefabricated surfacea
Item Requirement
Shock absorbency/% Track-and-field ground 35~50
Ball field 20~50
Other activity spaces 25~50
Vertical deformation/mm 0.6~3.0
Anti-skidding value (20℃)/BPN Track-and-field ground ≥47 (wet test)
Ball field and other activity spaces 80~110 (dry test)
Tensile strength/MPa Permeable surface ≥0.4
Non-permeable surface ≥0.5
Elongation at break/% ≥40
Flame retardance/grade I
a Excluding the acrylic acid-coated surfaces of sports areas for professional competitions.
5.3.2 The physical and mechanical properties of the finished artificial turf surface and turf filaments shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 3.
Table 3 Physical and mechanical properties of
the finished artificial turf surface and turf filaments
Item Requirement
Shock absorbency/% 45~70
Vertical deformation/mm 4~11
Breaking force of turf filament/N Tape yarn ≥60
Monofilament ≥10
Pull-out force of a single tuft of filaments/N ≥20
5.4 Artificial weathering performance of synthetic surface
5.4.1 The tensile strength and elongation at break of in-situ casting surface and prefabricated surface after undergoing accelerated aging for 500h shall meet the requirements of Table 2.
5.4.2 The breaking force of turf filament of artificial turf surface after undergoing accelerated aging for 500h shall not be less than 80% of the value determined before accelerated aging.
5.5 Contents of inorganic fillers and polymers in synthetic surface
5.5.1 In the synthetic surfaces other than the artificial turf surface, the content of inorganic fillers shall be ≤65%.
5.5.2 The total polymer content in the anti-skidding rubber granules for synthetic surface and in the synthetic granules filled in artificial turf surface shall be ≥20%.
5.6 Limits of harmful substances in and odor of finished synthetic surfaces and raw materials
5.6.1 Limits of harmful substances in and odor of finished synthetic surfaces
The limits of harmful substances in and odor of finished in-situ casting surface and prefabricated surface shall meet the requirements of Table 4, and the limits of harmful substances in finished artificial turf surface shall meet the requirements of Table 5.
Table 4 Requirements for limits of harmful substances in and odor of finished in-situ casting surface and prefabricated surface
Item Requirement
Content of harmful substance Sum of 3 phthalate esters (DBP, BBP and DEHP) a/(g/kg) ≤1.0
Sum of 3 phthalate esters (DNOP, DINP and DIDP) a/(g/kg) ≤1.0
Sum of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons b/(mg/kg) ≤50
≤20c
Benzo(a)pyrenea/(mg/kg) ≤1.0
Short chain chlorinated paraffins (C10-C13)/(g/kg) ≤1.5
4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dichlorodiphenylmethane (MOCA)/(g/kg) ≤1.0
Sum of free toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and free hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)/(g/kg) ≤0.2
Free diphenyl-methane-diisocyanate (MDI)/(g/kg) ≤1.0
Soluble lead/(mg/kg) ≤50
Soluble cadmium/(mg/kg) ≤10
Soluble chromium/(mg/kg) ≤10
Soluble mercury/(mg/kg) ≤2
Release amount of harmful substances Total volatile organic compounds (TVOC)/[mg/(m2·h)] ≤5.0
Formaldehyde/[mg/(m2·h)] ≤0.4
Benzene/[mg/(m2·h)] ≤0.1
Sum of toluene, xylene and ethylbenzene/[mg/(m2·h)] ≤1.0
Carbon disulfide/[mg/(m2·h)] ≤7.0
Odor Odor rating/grade ≤3
a See Annex A for the specific names of phthalate esters.
b See Annex B for the specific names of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
c Take the part within 5mm from the upper surface of the synthetic surface for testing.
Table 5 Requirements for limits of harmful substances in finished artificial turf surface
Item Requirement
Content of harmful substance Sum of 3 phthalate esters (DBP, BBP and DEHP) a/(g/kg) ≤1.0
Sum of 3 phthalate esters (DNOP, DINP and DIDP) a/(g/kg) ≤1.0
Sum of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons b/(mg/kg) ≤50
Benzo(a)pyrenea/(mg/kg) ≤1.0
Soluble lead/(mg/kg) ≤50
Soluble cadmium/(mg/kg) ≤10
Soluble chromium/(mg/kg) ≤10
Soluble mercury/(mg/kg) ≤2
Release amount of harmful substances Total volatile organic compounds (TVOC)/[mg/(m2·h)] ≤5.0
Formaldehyde/[mg/(m2·h)] ≤0.4
Benzene/[mg/(m2·h)] ≤0.1
Sum of toluene, xylene and ethylbenzene/[mg/(m2·h)] ≤1.0
a See Annex A for the specific names of phthalate esters.
b See Annex B for the specific names of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
5.6.2 Limits of harmful substances in and odor of raw materials for synthetic surface
5.6.2.1 The requirements for limits of harmful substances in and odor of solid raw materials (including anti-skidding granules, filling granules, and prefabricated surface and artificial turf before paving, etc.) used during paving shall meet the requirements of Table 6.
Foreword V
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Classification
5 Technical requirements
5.1 Paving requirements
5.2 Thickness
5.3 Physical and mechanical properties
5.4 Artificial weathering performance of synthetic surface
5.5 Contents of inorganic fillers and polymers in synthetic surface
5.6 Limits of harmful substances in and odor of finished synthetic surfaces and raw materials
6 Test method
6.1 Determination of thickness
6.2 Determination of shock absorbency
6.3 Determination of vertical deformation
6.4 Tensile strength and elongation at break
6.5 Determination of anti-skidding value
6.6 Determination of flame retardance
6.7 Determination of breaking force of turf filament
6.8 Determination of pull-out force of a single tuft of filaments
6.9 Determination of aging resistance
6.10 Determination of inorganic filler content
6.11 Determination of total polymer content
6.12 Determination of the content of harmful substances in the finished synthetic surface and solid raw materials
6.13 Determination of the release amount of harmful substances in the finished synthetic surface
6.14 Odor assessment
6.15 Determination of harmful substances in non-solid raw materials of synthetic surface
7 Sampling requirements
7.1 Witness sampling
7.2 Synthetic surface raw material samples
7.3 Sample of finished synthetic surface
7.4 Transportation, storage and testing time
8 Inspection rules
8.1 Acceptance inspection
8.2 Type inspection
8.3 Judgment of inspection result
8.4 Re-inspection rules
8.5 Judgment principle of site compliance
Annex A (Normative) Test on phthalate esters content - Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry
A.1 General
A.2 Principle
A.3 Materials and reagents
A.4 Apparatuses
A.5 Analytical procedures
A.6 Result calculation
A.7 Detection limit
A.8 Precision
Annex B (Normative) Test on content of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
B.1 General
B.2 Principle
B.3 Materials and reagents
B.4 Apparatuses
B.5 Analytical procedures
B.6 Result calculation
B.7 Detection limit
B.8 Precision
Annex C (Normative) Measuring method for the thickness of surface of ball fields and other activity spaces
C.1 Measuring instruments
C.2 Measuring method
C.3 Result calculation
Annex D (Normative) Test method for shock absorbency of synthetic surface
D.1 Test device
D.2 Test method
D.3 Result calculation
Annex E (Normative) Test method for vertical deformation of synthetic surface
E.1 Test device
E.2 Test method
E.3 Result expression
Annex F (Normative) Test method for anti-skidding value of synthetic surface
F.1 Test device
F.2 Test method
Annex G (Normative) Test on short chain chlorinated paraffins (C10-C13) content - Gas chromatography-Electron capture negative chemical ionization source mass spectrometry
G.1 General
G.2 Principle
G.3 Reagents and materials
G.4 Apparatuses
G.5 Analytical procedures
G.6 Result calculation
G.7 Detection limit
G.8 Precision
Annex H (Normative) Test on content of 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dichlorodiphenylmethane (MOCA)
H.1 General
H.2 Method 1: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (arbitration method)
H.3 Method 2: High-performance liquid chromatography
Annex I (Normative) Test on release of harmful substances - Small environmental test chamber method
I.1 General
I.2 Principle
I.3 Small environmental test chamber
I.4 Test conditions in environmental test chamber
I.5 Specimen preparation
I.6 Test procedures
I.7 Test method for thermal desorption of carbon disulfide in air
I.8 Result calculation
I.9 Detection limit
Annex J (Normative) Odor assessment
J.1 Test equipment and assessment team
J.2 Sample preparation
J.3 Odor assessment
J.4 Odor assessment grade
J.5 Result expression
Annex K (Normative) Rules for determining sampling location in sports areas with synthetic surfaces
K.1 Principle
K.2 Equipment
K.3 Test methods
Bibliography
Figure D.1 Shock absorption tester
Figure E.1 Vertical deformation tester
Figure F.1 Portable resistance tester
Figure I.1 Schematic diagram of small environmental test chamber
Table 1 Thickness requirements for in-situ casting surface and prefabricated surface a
Table 2 Physical and mechanical properties of in-situ casting surface and prefabricated surfacea
Table 3 Physical and mechanical properties of the finished artificial turf surface and turf filaments
Table 4 Requirements for limits of harmful substances in and odor of finished in-situ casting surface and prefabricated surface
Table 5 Requirements for limits of harmful substances in finished artificial turf surface
Table 6 Requirements for limits of harmful substances in and odor of solid raw materials
Table 7 Requirements for limits of harmful substances in non-solid raw materials a
Table A.1 Qualitative reference ion and quantitative selected ions of 6 phthalate esters
Table A.2 Reference detection limits for the content of the 6 phthalate esters
Table B.1 Qualitative reference ions and quantitative selected ions of 18 PAHs and internal standard substances
Table G.1 Qualitative reference ion and quantitative selected ion of short chain chlorinated paraffins (C10-C13)
Table H.1 Qualitative reference ion and quantitative selected ion of MOCA and internal standard substance
Table I.1 Air sampling in environmental test chamber and the analysis methods
Table J.1 Odor grade
