标准编号:	AQ 2001-2018
中文名称:	炼钢安全规程
英文名称:	Safety regulations for steel-making
中标分类:	C65    劳动安全技术综合
行业分类:	AQ
ICS分类:	13.100 13.100    职业安全、工业卫生 13.100
发布机构:	应急管理部
发布日期:	2018-05-22
实施日期:	2018-12-1
标准状态:	valid
替代旧标准:	AQ 2001-2004 炼钢安全规程
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	27000 字
翻译价格(元):	3200.0
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Foreword Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. All technical contents of this standard are compulsory. This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard replaces AQ 2001-2004 Safety regulations for steel-making. The following main technical changes have been made with respect to AQ 2001-2004: ——the structural order of the standard has been adjusted; ——the relevant safety requirements of GB/T 33000 have been added; ——the requirements for safety detection and monitoring measures of converter gas area have been added; ——the requirement that the personnel gathering places shall not be within the influence range of lifting high-temperature liquid metal has been added; ——some requirements for arrangement of oil supply station and acetylene gas station have been deleted; ——the grounding protection requirements for devices such as gas purification stations have been added; ——the requirement that the crane for lifting oxygen lance and sub-lance in the high-rise frame of converter shall be operated by wireless remote control and wire control operation board instead of the driver in the cab has been added; and ——the requirement that effective ventilation measures shall be taken when entering the space with nitrogen sealing equipment (e.g. silo) has been added. This standard was proposed by the original Fourth Division of the State Administration of Work Safety. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Subcommittee on Metallurgical Nonferrous Safety of the National Technical Committee on Safety Production of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 288/SC 8). Safety regulations for steel-making 1 Scope This standard specifies the technical requirements for safety production of steel-making. This standard is applicable to the design, equipment manufacturing, construction and installation, production and equipment overhaul of steel-making plant. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies. GB 2894 Safety signs and guideline for the use GB 4053.1 Safety requirements for fixed steel ladders and platform - Part 1: Steel vertical ladders GB 4053.2 Safety requirements for fixed steel ladders and platform - Part 2: Steel inclined ladders GB 4053.3 Safety requirements for fixed steel ladders and platform - Part 3: Industrial guardrails and steel platform GB 4387 Safety regulation for railway and road transportation in plants of industrial enterprises GB/T 5082 The commanding signal for lifting and moving GB 5768.2 Road traffic signs and markings - Part 2: Road traffic signs GB 5768.3 Road traffic signs and markings - Part 3: Road traffic markings GB/T 5972 Cranes - Wire ropes - Care, maintenance, installation, examination and discard GB/T 6067.1 Safety rules for lifting appliances - Part 1: General GB 6222 Safety code for gas of industrial enterprises GB 6722 Safety regulations for blasting GB 7231 Basic identification colors and code indications and safety sign for industrial pipelines GB 14784 Safety regulations of belt conveyor GB 16912 Safety technical regulation for oxygen and relative gases produced with cryogenic method GB/T 20801.6 Pressure piping code - Industrial piping - Part 6: Safeguarding GB 28664 Emission standard of air pollutants for steel smelt industry GB/T 29639 Guidelines for enterprises to develop emergency response plan for work place accidents GB/T 33000 Guideline of China occupational safety and health management system GB 50016 Code for fire protection design of buildings GB 50030 Code for design of oxygen station GB 50034 Standard for lighting design of buildings GB 50057 Code for design protection of structures against lightning GB 50058 Code for design of electrical installations in explosive atmospheres GB 50140 Code for design of extinguisher distribution in buildings GB 50184 Code for acceptance of construction quality of industrial metallic piping GB 50235 Code for construction of industrial metallic piping engineering GB 50236 Code for construction of field equipment, industrial pipe welding engineering GB 50316 Design code for industrial metallic piping GB 50683 Code for construction of field equipment, industrial pipe welding engineering GB 50414 Code of design on fire protection and prevention for iron & steel metallurgy enterprises GB 50439 Code for design of steelmaking engineering GB 50603 Code for design of general layout and transportation for iron & steel enterprise GBJ 22 Specifications for the design of factory and mine roads GBZ/T 205 Specification of prevention and control on occupational hazards in confined space DL 408 Rules of safe operation in power industry TSG D0001 Pressure pipe safety technology supervision regulation for industrial pressure pipe 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 shaft furnace ultra-high power electric arc furnace with a shaft on its cover, where the scrap steel is preheated in the shaft by high-temperature waste gas discharged from the electric arc furnace 3.2 PLUS2000 furnace ultra-high power electric arc furnace with a scrap steel basket rotating device, which preheats the scrap steel by its own high-temperature waste gas 3.3 CONSTEEL furnace ultra-high power electric arc furnace in which scrap steel is continuously added through a conveyor belt and preheated by its own high-temperature waste gas 3.4 Korfarc furnace ultra-high power electric arc furnace with several oxygen lance burners and submerged tuyeres on the furnace wall, which saves electric energy by using chemical energy and post-combustion technology 3.5 vacuum degassing, VD vacuum degassing device for molten steel, in which a ladle filled with molten steel is placed in a closed vacuum tank connected with a vacuum pump, argon gas is introduced from the bottom of the ladle to stir the molten steel, so that the molten steel undergoes degassing reaction in a vacuum state 3.6 vacuum oxygen decarburization, VOD vacuum oxygen decarburization refining device mainly used for refining stainless steel, of which an oxygen lance is arranged on the vacuum tank cover of VD to blow oxygen to the molten steel surface in the vacuum tank, and the chromium-containing molten steel undergoes "decarburization and chromium preservation" refining in a vacuum state, which can also be used for smelting ultra-low carbon steel 3.7 composition adjustments by scaled argon bubbling with oxygen blowing, CAS-OB device for heating molten steel in a ladle by utilizing oxidation heat generated by metal (aluminum) combustion, or for adjusting the composition of molten steel by adding alloy in immersion hood 3.8 injection refining-up temperature, IR-UT device which can not only carry out injection desulphurization refining for molten steel under normal pressure, but also raise the temperature by blowing oxygen and adding aluminum, and of which, a powder spray gun is inserted into molten steel in the immersion hood, so as to spray desulfurizer into molten steel 3.9 ruhrstahl-heraeus process, RH refining method for vacuum circulating degassing of molten steel, in which, two circulating tubes (immersion tubes) at the bottom of the vacuum chamber are inserted into molten steel to make the molten steel continuously flow into the vacuum chamber from the ascending tube (with argon as the lifting gas) following the principle of bubble pump, and then flow back to the ladle from the descending tube, thus forming a circulating flow 3.10 ruhrstahl-heraeusdegassr-top blowing, RH-TB method of refining ultra-low carbon steel and stainless steel by inserting an oxygen lance at the top of RH vacuum tank and blowing oxygen to molten steel for decarburization 3.11 ladle furnace, LF device for blowing argon from the bottom of ladle under normal pressure and heating the molten steel by electric arc to refine molten steel and homogenize its composition and temperature 3.12 argon oxygen decarburization, AOD decarburization refining furnace in which oxygen and argon (in different proportions) are blown into molten steel from the side of molten steel pool of converter, mainly used for smelting stainless steel 4 Safety management 4.1 The safety production management of steel-making enterprises shall meet the relevant requirements of GB/T 33000. 4.2 Safety facilities of constructed, extended and renovated projects shall be designed, constructed and put into production or use simultaneously with the main part of the project. Investment in safety facilities shall be incorporated into the budgetary estimate of the whole construction project. In the feasibility study stage of the project, an evaluation institution with corresponding qualification shall be entrusted to carry out safety pre-evaluation. 4.3 The preliminary design documents of the construction project shall include Safety Facility Design. The safety facility design shall run through the design of various specialties and be submitted for review according to relevant requirements. 4.4 The construction of the construction project shall be carried out according to the design. The change of safety facility shall be approved in writing by the design organization. The concealed part of the project can be concealed only after being approved through checking and signing by the design organization, development organization, supervision organization and construction organization. After the completion of the construction, the construction organization shall deliver the completion instructions and as-built drawings to the development organization. 4.5 The construction project, after being completed, shall be put into trial run before normal production or use.

Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Safety management 5 Location and layout of plant (workshop) 5.1 Location of plant (workshop) 5.2 Layout of plant (workshop) 6 Plant building and its internal buildings (structures) 6.1 Plant building 6.2 Buildings (structures) 7 Raw materials 7.1 Bulk material 7.2 Scrap steel 7.3 Molten iron storage, transportation and pretreatment facilities 8 Steel-making equipment 8.1 Molten iron tanks, molten steel tanks, intermediate tanks, slag tanks (pots) 8.2 Baking devices and other burners for molten iron tanks, molten steel tanks and intermediate tanks 8.3 Ground vehicles 8.4 Lifting equipment 8.5 External transporting equipment 8.6 Other equipment 9 Oxygen converter 9.1 Equipment and related facilities 9.2 Production operation 10 Electric furnace 10.1 Equipment and related facilities 10.2 Production operation 11 Secondary refining 11.1 Equipment and related facilities 11.2 Production operation 12 Molten steel pouring 12.1 Preparation of molten steel tank and intermediate tank 12.2 Molding 12.3 Continuous casting 12.4 Ingot (billet) treatment 13 Power supply and pipeline 13.1 Power supply and electrical equipment 13.2 Power pipeline 13.3 Oxygen 13.4 Gas 13.5 Water supply and drainage 14 Slag 15 Overhaul 15.1 Dismantling of furnace 15.2 Requirements for construction area of furnace repair operation 15.3 Repair of converter 15.4 Repair of electric furnace 15.5 Others 16 Lighting

中华人民共和国应急管理部 发布 前言 本标准的全部技术内容为强制性。 本标准按照GB/T 1.1—2009给出的规则起草。 本标准代替AQ 2001—2004《炼钢安全规程》。与AQ 2001—2004相比，主要技术变化如下： ——标准结构顺序作了调整； ——增加了GB/T 33000有关安全管理要求； ——增加了对转炉煤气区域安全检测与监控措施的要求； ——增加了不得在吊运高温液态金属影响范围内设置人员密集场所的要求； ——删除了对供油站、乙炔气站设置部分要求； ——增加了煤气净化站等装置接地保护要求； ——增加了转炉高层框架内吊运氧副枪的起重机不设司机室操作，采用无线遥控和线控操作板操作的要求； ——增加了进入料仓等有氮气密封设备的空间，应采取有效通风措施的要求。 本标准由原国家安全生产监督管理总局监管四司提出。 本标准由全国安全生产标准化技术委员会冶金有色安全分技术委员会(SAC/TC 288/SC 8)归口。 炼钢安全规程 1 范围 本标准规定了炼钢安全生产的技术要求。 本标准适用于炼钢厂的设计、设备制造、施工安装、生产和设备检修。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB 2894 安全标志及其使用导则 GB 4053.1 固定式平台及钢梯安全要求 第1部分：钢直梯 GB 4053.2 固定式平台及钢梯安全要求 第2部分：钢斜梯 GB 4053.3 固定式平台及钢梯安全要求 第3部分：工业防护栏杆及钢平台 GB 4387 工业企业厂内铁路、道路运输安全规程 GB/T 5082 起重吊运指挥信号 GB 5768.2 道路交通标志和标线 第2部分：道路交通标志 GB 5768.3 道路交通标志和标线 第3部分：道路交通标线 GB/T 5972 起重机钢丝绳保养、维护、安装、检验和报废 GB/T 6067.1 起重机械安全规程 第1部分：总则 GB 6222 工业企业煤气安全规程 GB 6722 爆破安全规程 GB 7231 工业管道的基本识别色、识别符号和安全标识 GB 14784 带式输送机安全规范 GB 16912 深度冷冻法生产氧气及相关气体安全技术规程 GB/T 20801.6 压力管道规范工业管道 第6部分：安全防护 GB 28664 炼钢工业大气污染物排放标准 GB/T 29639 生产经营单位生产安全事故应急预案编制导则 GB/T 33000 企业安全生产标准化基本规范 GB 50016 建筑设计防火规范 GB 50030 氧气站设计规范 GB 50034 建筑照明设计标准 GB 50057 建筑物防雷设计规范 GB 50058 爆炸危险环境电力装置设计规范 GB 50140 建筑灭火器配置设计规范 GB 50184 工业金属管道工程施工质量验收规范 GB 50235 工业金属管道工程施工规范 GB 50236 现场设备、工业管道焊接工程施工规范 GB 50316 工业金属管道设计规范 GB 50683 现场设备、工业管道焊接工程施工规范 GB 50414 钢铁冶金企业设计防火规范 GB 50439 炼钢工程设计规范 GB 50603 钢铁企业总图运输设计规范 GBJ 22 厂矿道路设计规范 GBZ/T 205 密闭空间作业职业危害防护规范 DL 408 电业安全工作规程 TSG D0001 压力管道安全技术监察规程—工业管道 3 术语和定义 下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 竖炉 shaft furnace 炉盖上带有竖井，并利用电弧炉排出的高温废气在竖井内预热废钢的超高功率电弧炉。 3.2 PLUS2000炉 PLUS2000 furnace 设有废钢料篮旋转装置，并利用自身高温废气预热废钢的超高功率电弧炉。 3.3 CONSTEEL炉 CONSTEEL furnace 废钢通过传送带连续加入，并经自身高温废气预热的废钢的超高功率电弧炉。 3.4 Korfarc炉 Korfarc furnace 炉壁装设多组氧枪、烧嘴和浸入式风口，利用化学能与后燃烧技术节约电能的超高功率电弧炉。 3.5 VD vacuum degassing 一种钢液真空脱气装置，它将带钢液的钢包置于与真空泵连通的密闭的真空罐内，从钢包底部通入氩气搅拌钢液，使钢液在真空状态下发生脱气反应。 3.6 VOD vacuum oxygen decarburization 一种主要用来精炼不锈钢的真空吹氧脱碳精炼装置，它在VD的真空罐盖上增设氧枪，向真空罐内钢液面吹氧，在真空状态下对含铬钢液进行“脱碳保铬”精炼，也可以用来冶炼超低碳钢。 3.7 CAS-OB composition adjustments by scaled argon bubbling with oxygen blowing 一种在钢包内利用金属(铝)燃烧产生的氧化热加热钢液，或在浸入罩内加合金调整钢液成分的装置。 3.8 IR-UT injection refinning-up temperature 一种在常压下对钢液既可进行喷粉脱硫精炼，又可吹氧加铝升温的装置，它是在浸入罩内增加一根插入钢液的喷粉枪，借以向钢液喷入脱硫剂。 3.9 RH ruhrstahl-heraeus process 一种对钢液真空循环脱气的精炼方法，它利用真空室底部的两根环流管(浸渍管)插入钢包钢液内，通过上升管内充氩气作为提升气体，利用气泡泵原理使钢水不断从上升管流入真空室，再从下降管流回到钢包，形成循环流动，使钢水在真空室内实现深脱气处理。 3.10 RH-TB ruhrstahl-heraeusdegassr-top blowing 系指在RH真空罐顶部插入一根氧枪，并向钢液吹氧脱碳，用以精炼超低碳钢与不锈钢的方法。 3.11 LF ladle furance 一种在常压下从钢包底部吹氩，并用电弧对钢液进行加热以精炼钢液和均匀钢液成分、温度的装置。 3.12 AOD argon oxygen decarburization 一种在转炉的钢液熔池侧面，按不同比例往钢液吹入氧气与氩气的脱碳精炼炉，主要用于冶炼不锈钢。 4 安全管理 4.1 炼钢企业安全生产管理应满足GB/T 33000的相关规定。 4.2 新建、改建、扩建工程项目的安全设施，应与主体工程同时设计、同时施工、同时投入生产和使用。安全设施的投资应纳入建设项目概算。项目可行性研究阶段就应委托有相应资质的评价机构进行安全预评价。 4.3 建设工程的初步设计文件应有《安全设施设计》。安全设施设计应贯穿于各专业设计之中，并按相关规定送审。 4.4 建设项目施工应按设计进行。变更安全设施，应经设计单位书面同意。 工程的隐蔽部分，应经设计单位、建设单位、监理单位和施工单位共同检查合格签字后，方可进行隐蔽。 施工完毕，施工单位应将竣工说明书及竣工图交付建设单位。 4.5 建设工程项目竣工后，应当在正式投入生产或者使用前进行试运行。 a)试运行时间应不少于30日，最长不得超过180日； b)项目安全设施竣工或者试运行完成后，应委托有资质的评价机构进行安全验收评价； c)项目竣工投入生产或者使用前，生产经营单位应当组织对安全设施进行竣工验收，并形成书面报告备查。安全设施竣工验收合格后，方可投入生产和使用。 4.6 炼钢企业应依法设置安全生产管理机构或者配备专职安全生产管理人员，应当有注册安全工程师从事安全生产管理工作。 4.7 炼钢企业应加强对重大危险源的安全管理与监测监控，建立健全重大危险源安全管理规章制度，应包括下列内容： a)应对本单位存在的各类危险源进行辨识，实行分级管理。对于构成重大危险源的，应登记建档，进行定期检测、评估和监控，并在重大危险源现场设置明显的安全警示标志； b)应制定重大危险源安全管理与监控的实施方案。 4.8 炼钢企业应根据GB 6222的有关规定，配备煤气在线监测、防护设施，在煤气易泄漏和聚集区域，应设有醒目的安全警示标识。 4.9 炼钢企业应建立、健全本单位安全生产责任制，制定、完善本单位安全生产规章制度和操作规程。严格执行岗位交接班制度。 4.10 特种作业人员和特种设备操作人员均应经过专门的安全教育和培训，并经考核合格、取得操作资格证，方可上岗。上述人员的培训、考核、发证及复审，应按国家有关规定执行。 4.11 炼钢企业的会议室、活动室、休息室、更衣室等人员聚集场所应设置在安全地点，不得设置在吊运高温液态金属的影响范围内。 4.12 炼钢企业应建立健全派遣劳动者用工安全管理制度，加强对派遣劳动者用工的安全管理，对被派遣劳动者应进行统一的安全生产教育和培训。 4.13 采用新工艺、新技术、新设备、新材料，应制定相应的安全技术措施；对有关生产人员，应进行专门的安全技术培训，并经考核合格方可上岗。 4.14 炼钢企业应建立对厂房、机电设备进行定期检查、维修和清扫制度。要害岗位及电气、机械等设备，应实行操作牌制度。 4.15 安全装置和防护设施，不得擅自挪动、拆除或移作他用。 4.16 炼钢企业应建立铁水、钢水、液态渣跑漏、煤气中毒以及火灾、爆炸、触电和毒物逸散等重大事故的应急救援预案，应急预案的编制应符合GB/T 29639的相关规定，并在易发生事故的场所设置必备的气体检测仪、防毒口罩、防护手套、防护服、防毒面具、呼吸器、洗眼器、急救药品与器械等事故应急器具，并定期开展事故应急救援演练。 4.17 炼钢企业生产、检、维修作业外包的，应对承包单位进行危险有害因素告知和安全交底，签订安全协议，并对承包单位的安全资质、安全措施进行审核。 4.18 炼钢企业强电磁辐射区域应设警示标识，体内安装有心脏起搏器或金属植入物的人员禁止进入。 4.19 炼钢企业发生伤亡事故时，应按国家有关规定报告、调查和处理。 4.20 进入涉及煤气、氮气等有限空间作业，应遵守有限空间作业安全管理和GBZ/T 205规定要求，先通风，再检测，后作业。 5 厂(车间)的位置与布置 5.1 厂(车间)的位置 5.1.1 选择厂(车间)的位置，应注意工程地质条件和洪水、海潮、台风、滑坡等灾害的危害，并按地震烈度等级标准设防。 厂址地坪应高于最高洪水水位0.5m以上，地处海岸边的应高于计算潮水位1m以上；如受条件限制无法达到，应采取有效的补救措施。 5.1.2 厂(车间)应位于居住区常年最小频率风向的上风侧和当地生活水源的下游，并应有适当的安全健康防护距离。 5.1.3 炼钢厂不应邻近居民区、风景旅游区、文物保护区、生活水源地和重要农业区；选择厂址时，应同时考虑炼钢厂“三废”排放、弃置及噪声、电网闪烁等公害所产生的影响，并采取必要的防护措施。 炼钢厂的弃渣场，应位于居住区和水源地安全健康防护距离以外的低洼地带，并应考虑爆炸、扬尘、有害元素扩散的安全距离；厂内钢渣处理设施，应布置在主厂房常年最小频率风向的上风侧。 5.1.4 落锤破碎废钢的设施，应设在流动人员稀少的厂区边缘安全区域，并应有可靠的防止废钢飞散的围护设施；与其他建筑物之间的安全距离，3t、5t、7t落锤应分别大于30m、50m、80m，并应采取必要的安全措施。 5.1.5 煤气柜、乙炔站、丙烷气站、供油站、天然气储配站等火灾和爆炸危险性较大的及产生烟尘、有毒有害气体的设施，应位于厂区和居住区常年最小频率风向的上风侧。 5.1.6 氧气站应位于空气洁净区域，其空分设备的吸风口应位于各种易燃、易爆性气源与尘源的常年最小频率风向的下风侧。 5.1.7 各车间及设施的位置应符合防火、防爆、防震、职业健康、运输安全等有关规程(规范)的规定及安全技术要求。 5.2 厂(车间)的布置 5.2.1 炼钢主车间的布置/应根据各种物料的流向/保证其能顺畅运行/互不交叉、干扰/并尽可能缩短铁水、废钢及钢坯(锭)等大宗物流的运输距离。 5.2.2 炼钢主车间与各辅助车间(设施)/应布置在生产流程的顺行线上-铁水、钢水与液体渣/应设专线(或专用通道)运输/以减少其他物流干扰。当铁水采用汽车运输时/应采用特种专用车辆/尽量减少铁水运输距离/道路宽度、净空、坡度应根据铁水运输车辆的尺寸、技术参数专门核算确定/保证运输安全。严禁经由国家或地区公交线路运输铁水。 5.2.3 炼钢主车间/应按从原料至成品(坯、锭)的生产流程/以各工序分区作业为原则/合理布置各工艺装备及生产设施/确保各工序安全、顺行。 5.2.4 炼钢厂内/应按消防规定设置必要的消防设施和消防通道/并设有明显的标志牌。 6 厂房及其内部建(构)筑物 6.1 厂房 6.1.1 冶炼与浇注厂房设计应考虑良好的通风散热与采光条件-转炉、电炉、铁水贮运与预处理、精炼炉、钢水浇注等热源点上方/应有良好的通风排气设施-热源点周围的建(构)筑物应考虑高温影响/采取相应的隔热防护措施。 6.1.2 厂房结构应考虑风、雨、雪、灰等动(静)载荷及各种自然因素影响/主厂房屋面四周应设栏杆/并在适当位置设置清扫通道-厂房应合理布置登上屋面的消防梯与检修梯/符合相关安全规定。 6.1.3 转炉与电炉容量50t以上的炼钢车间/主要跨间的厂房应采用钢结构-炼钢主厂房的布置形式及各跨间参数的确定/应符合GB 50439的要求。 6.1.4 炼钢主厂房/地坪应设置宽度不小于1.5m的人行安全走道/走道两侧应有明显的标志线-主厂房及其他中、重级工作类型的桥式起重机/应设置四周贯通的起重机安全走道/轻级工作起重机厂房/应设单侧贯通的安全走道/走道宽度应不小于0.8m/并应按起重机台数设置司机专用走梯和蹬车平台。