1 General Provisions
1.0.1 This standard is formulated with a view to unifying the technical requirements of railway bridge and culvert construction, guaranteeing engineering quality, and making the railway bridge and culvert construction to be of state-of-art technology, safety and stability and economic feasibility.
1.0.2 This standard is applicable to the construction and acceptance of new and rebuilt railway bridge and culvert works with the standard gauge and the maximal travelling speed of passenger train 140km/h or lower.
1.0.3 The construction of bridge and culvert must comply with the approved design document. In case of the change in design, it shall meet the current requirements on the change in railway design.
1.0.4 Before the construction, the persons concerned shall be organized to conduct the disclosure of construction technologies.
During the construction procedure, the person shall be specially assigned to fill in construction notes and engineering logs.
In the completion, the completion documents shall be prepared complete as required. the summary of construction techniques shall be compiled for grand bridge, large bridge and medium bridge with complicated technology; special technical summary shall be compiled for new structure with complicated technology, new technology and new process.
1.0.5 As for the concealed works, the next-step construction shall be conducted upon the passed examination and transacting license.
1.0.6 Main materials, half-finished product, member, equipment and facilities used in bridge and culvert construction shall meet the related current national standards, and be accompanied with certificate. they shall be applied upon accreditation with sampling test in accordance with the relevant regulations.
1.0.7 Before normal usage, machines, lifting equipments, power equipment, electric lines, wind, water and gas pipeline and other major facilities applied in bridge and culvert construction, shall be completely inspected and tested, and they shall be used upon qualified commissioning. inspection (test) and maintenance shall be conducted often, and verification and calibration shall done regularly.
1.0.8 The construction must meet the guidelines of safety in production, and strictly comply with the operational program and guarantee production safety.
1.0.9 During construction period, the related climatological and hydrologic data shall be acquired in time from local meteorologic and hydrologic station, and the works to prevent flood and other disasters shall be done well.
1.0.10 The construction shall comply with the related national requirements in environmental protection and soil conservation, prohibiting construction spoiling and waste silting and polluting rivers. The drainage, pitching of slope and landscaping shall conducted in time.
1.0.11 For the rebuilding and reparation of existing bridge or culvert or construction of second bridge or culvert, the measures shall be adopted jointly with the related departments, to reduce the mutual interference of construction and transportation. The temporary travelling interrupt or speed governing, if it must be conducted, shall comply with the relevant regulations in "Regulations of Railway Technical Operation".
1.0.12 The construction spanning river course, railway and highway shall comply with the national requirements and the agreements signed by the design department and all departments concerned.
1.0.13 Verification system shall be conducted in the survey works, and it shall meet the requirements of the current standards "Code for new railway engineering survey" and "Technical regulations for existing railway engineering survey".
1.0.14 Besides the provisions of this standard, the construction of railway bridge and culvert shall comply with the provisions of the related current national compulsory standards.
2 Terms
2.0.1 Auger injected pile
Pile body formed with mixed slurry by the method - drilling the injection tube with a rotatable muzzle in to the preset position, jet the high pressure slurry out from the muzzle, impacting and destroying the soil.
2.0.2 Compaction pile
Pile body formed by the method - compacting the soil layer with the strong vibration of vibroflot, and further compacting the soil layer with filling.
2.0.3 Dry jet mixing pile
Dry jet technology makes the weak soil indurate to columnar reinforced soil with certain entirety, water stability and strength, and the columnar reinforced soil, with original weak soil layer, forms a composite subgrade.
2.0.4 Bridge fabrication machine
Mechanical equipment used to construct prestressed concrete beam with traveling bracket (frame) method on the bridge.
2.0.5 Cable stayed bridge
A bridge which the major supporting member of bridge span structure is formed by cable bent tower and main beam connected with stayed-cable.
2.0.6 Climbing shuttering
Adhesion-type lifting construction equipments consisted of climbing bracket and formwork.
2.0.7 Erection by swing method
A construction method that wholly or whole or part bridge body is assembled and placed firstly to a temporary stable structure on the position deviated from the bridge body, and the temporary stable structure is swinged to preset psotion by slewing equipement (horizontal or vertical).
2.0.8 Ice apron
A structure facility on the water face of the bridge pier, with the fucntion of ice breakup.
2.0.9 Slant-legged rigid frame
Rigid frame with slant upright column.
2.0.10 Frame culvert
Culvert with whole box frame.
2.0.11 Jacked-in bridge or culvert
Bridge or culvert passing through the existing railway bed with jacked-in method.
3 Construction Preparation
3.0.1 Before the construction of bridge and culvert, the persons concerned shall be organized to check the design documents in combination of the field situation, and the design organization shall conduct the technical disclosure for grand bridge, large bridge and medium bridge with complicated technology.
3.0.2 The following main items shall be checked for the design documents:
1 Information related to terrain, geomorphy, hydrology and geology;
2 Structure, hole size and span of bridge or culvert, and coordination with other structures;
3 Construction scheme and technical measures;
4 New technology, new technology and new material applied;
5 Quantity of main works, and type and specification of materials and equipments,
6 Plan position and design elevation of bridge or culvert, and dimension of primary structure hereof;
7 Boundary of used land, and quantity of structures (building) relocation and compensation;
8 Drainage system and diversing flow system.
3.0.3 In accordance with the construction contract and the construction design documents, the construction survey shall be conducted, and the primary coverage hereof shall include:
1 Rules of terrain, geomorphy, hydrology, geology, meteorology, earthquake intensity and flood nearby bridge or culvert;
2 Bridge position bridgehead line control point and reference point of grand bridge and large bridge shall be re-tested and checked;
3 Supply capacity of local production and living materials, water, power and other energies;
4 Conditions of water and land transportations and communication facilities;
5 Conditions of local work force, medical treatment and house available, and folkways & folk-custom;
6 The land and buildings used within the railroad right-of-way, and the quantity of expropriation and relocation of pipes and lines disturbing the construction shall be verified item by item;
7 The processing agreement for the influence on local irrigation & drainage and transport facilities within the construction period shall be verified;
8 In the re-construction of existing line, the construction of second line and jacked-in bridge or culvert for existing line, the transportation condition on this section shall be surveyed, and transportation organization shall be contacted to draw out the construction scheme for reducing the interference and guaranteeing the travelling safety.
3.0.4 In accordance with the construction contract, the design document and the construction survey findings, the practical construction management plan shall drawn out for grand bridge, large bridge, medium bridge with complicated technology, and jacked-in bridge or culvert, and the primary coverage hereof shall include:
1 Explanation of drawing: drawing basis, construction profile, construction period requirement, construction feature, main construction method, hydrology, geology, meteorology, etc.;
2 Plan of construction yard: the following items shall be indicated clear - scope of construction land-using, arrangement of temporary block, materials and equipments, position of land and water passage, wharf and temporary bridge, channel of pipelines, arrangement of bulk stocking ground, product processing field and large machine parking field, etc.;
3 Construction schedule: the following items shall be proposed - quantity of main works; sequence and scheduling of construction; name, specification, quantity and supply & allotment program of main material, machines and tools; staff quantity, approaching data and allotment program of professions, etc.;
4 Safeguard measures: the safeguard measures shall include the technical measures related to construction schedule, safety, quality, environmental protection, flood control, fire-fighting, energy saving and application of new technologies, process, structure and materials.
3.0.5 The survey works shall, before the construction of new bridge or culvert, the re-construction of existing lines and the construction of second bridge or culvert, meet the relevant regulations in Article 1.0.13 in this standard.
3.0.6 Field laboratory shall be set up before the construction of large and grand bridges works.
4 Open Cut Foundation
4.1 Pit Excavation (Cutting)
4.1.1 The following works shall be conducted before pit excavation:
1 Determine the center line, direction and elevation of foundation pit;
2 Determine the excavation slope, support scheme, excavation scope and water-proofing and drainage measures according to geological and hydrologic data, in combination of the field situation.
4.1.2 Vertical excavation, sloping excavation and excavation methods with support stabilization or other stabilization may be adopted for foundation pit excavation.
The foundation pit, swamped by surface water, may be excavated after draining surface water through cofferdamming, rechanneling river and gutter, and damming.
4.1.3 The slope of foundation pit wall shall be determined on the principle of guaranteeing stability of slope and construction safety, and meet the following requirements:
1 The slope of foundation pit hole may be the values provided in Table 4.1.3 when the foundation pit is under the condition: cutting on natural soil layer; the depth of excavation is within 5m; short construction period; the bottom of the pit is above the underground water level; the soil humidity is close to the optimum water content; the soil layer is uniform in structure;
Table 4.1.3: slope of foundation pit wall
Soil of pit wall Slope of pit wall
No load in top of foundation pit Quiescent load on top of foundation pit Mobile load on top of foundation pit
Sandy soil 1:1 1:1.25 1:1.5
Crushed rocky soil 11:0.75 1:1 1:1.25
Cohesive soil, silty soil 1:0.33 1:0.5 1:0.75
Dead-soft rock, soft rock 1:0.25 1:0.33 1:0.67
Slightly soft rock 1:0 1:0.1 1:0.25
Extrahard rock, hard rock 1:0 1:0 1:0
Note: 1 when pit cutting passes through different soil layers, the side slope of the pit may be determined by layers, and certain platform shall be reserved;
2 When the foundation pit is excavated on hillside and the geological condition is unfavorable, landslide shall be prevented;
3 The foundation pit excavated besides the existing building shall comply with the requirements of the design document.
2 When the depth of excavation is larger than 5m, the slope of pit wall shall be arranged gentle, or platforms shall be arranged;
3 When the soil humidity may result in the slump of pit wall, the slope of the pit wall shall be the natural slope of the soil of this humidity.
4.1.4 When the underground water level is above the bottom of building pit. the part of the pit above the underground water level shall be excavated by sloping method; the part below the underground water level shall be excavated by the wall stabilization method if the soil is easy to cause slump or the water is deep above the bottom of building pit.
4.1.5 When mobile loads exists on the top of the foundation pit, a 1m-wide berm between the top margin and the mobile load shall be reserved; when the mobile load is over large, the berm shall be broadened or the stabilization measure shall be adopted.
4.1.6 The spoiling must not disturb the construction. The distance from the toe of spoil bank to the top margin of the pit should not be smaller than the depth of the foundation pit, and spoiling should be discarded on the appointed position at the downstream, and it must not block channel and affect flood discharge.
4.1.7 As for the bottom surface of water-free soil foundation pit, each side hereof should be broadened by not less than 50cm according to the design plan size.
As for the foundation pit that is suitable to be cut vertically without shuttering, the dimension of the foundation bottom shall be determined according to the outline of the foundation.
The bottom surface of foundation pit with water shall satisfy the requirements of drain ditch and catchment wall around, and each side should not be broadened less than 80cm.
4.1.8 Over-excavation shall be avoided, and loose part shall be removed.
4.1.9 Foundation pit should be excavated dry season. The excavation should not be interrupted, and the foundation shall be laid immediately after the excavation reaches the design elevation and passes the test.
4.1.10 Foundation pit shall be backfilled in time and compacted by layers after foundation laying.
4.2 Pit Wall
4.2.1 The wall stabilization may be adopted for the following pits after excavation:
1 The foundation pit is deeper, and the quantity of earthwork is larger;
2 The slope of foundation pit is limited by the yard;
3 The soil of foundation pit is soft and weak, or the moisture content is large, and the slope is unease to keep.
4.2.2 Baffle support wall shall meet the following requirements:
1 General Provisions
2 Terms
3 Construction Preparation
4 Open Cut Foundation
4.1 Pit Excavation (Cutting)
4.2 Pit Wall
4.3 Weir for foundation pit
4.4 Drainage for foundation pit
4.5 Inspection and treatment of pit bottom
4.6 Concrete and masonry foundation
5 Pile foundation
5.1 Sunk-pile foundation
5.2 Drill-pile foundation
5.3 Dug-pile foundation
5.4 Pipe-column foundation
5.5 Pile-foundation slab
6 Caisson foundations
6.1 General provisions
6.2 The pre-sinking construction of caisson
6.3 Caisson sinkage
6.4 Clearing, sealing and casting of caisson bottom
6.5 Allowable deviation of caisson
7 Special Subgrade
7.1 Collapsible loess subsoil
7.2 Soft-soil foundation
7.3 Permafrost subsoil
10 Erection of reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete beam
10.1 Erecting beam with bridge erection machine and portal crane
10.2 Erecting concrete beam with bean leading-in method
10.3 Erecting prestressed concrete girder with pushing frame
10.4 Erecting Prestressed Concrete Beam by Overhang Cantilever
10.5 Pre-stressed concrete beam of bridge fabrication machine construction
11 Erection of steel beam
11.1 General provisions
11.2 Steel truss beam erection by overhang cantilever
11.3 Steel truss beam erection by traction
11.4 Steel truss beam erection by floating
11.5 Pedestal mounting
11.6 Steel beam coating
11.7 Open deck
11.8 Bond beam
12 Pre-stressed-concrete cable-stayed bridges
12.1 General provisions
12.2 Construction of cable bent tower
12.3 Construction of main beam
12.4 Stayed-cable installation
12.5 Erection by swing method
13 Slant-legged rigid frame bridge
13.1 Steel slant-legged rigid frame bridge
13.2 Slant-legged rigid frame bridge of pre-stressed concrete
14 Arch bridges
14.1 General provisions
14.2 Masonry arch bridge
14.3 Cast-in-place concrete arch bridge
14.4 Assembly formulae concrete arch bridge
15 Culverts
15.1 General Provisions
15.2 Circular Culvert
15.3 Arch Culvert and Slab Culvert
15.4 Rectangle Culvert and Frame Culvert
15.5 Aqueduct and Inverted Siphon
16 Existing Bridge or Culvert
16.1 General Provisions
16.2 Reconstruction of Existing Bridge or Culvert
16.3 Construction of Second Bridge or Culvert
16.4 Advancing of Frame Bridge or Culvert
16.5 Advancing of Circular Culvert
17 Waterproofer
17.1 General Provisions
17.2 TQF-I Waterproofer
17.3 Cold-working Waterproofer
17.4 Hot-mix Asphalt Waterproofer
17.5 Protective Layer
17.6 Settlement Joints
18 Acceptances of Works
Appendices A Test Method of Test Pile
Appendices B Pile-sinking Recording and Pile-record Collation Sinking
Appendices C Equation of Hammer Excitation
Appendices D Slurry Test Data Sheet, Drill Log, Underwater Concreting Record
Appendices E Slurry Mixing Proportion and Index of Slurry Lubricating Jacket
Appendices F Heavy Tamping Record
Appendices G Force Tamping Record
Appendices H Construction Record of Dry-jet-mixed Pile
Appendices J Construction Record of Jet-grouting Pile
Appendices K Tensioning Record of Pre-tensioning Prestressed Concrete Beam Tendon Preparation
Appendices L Hole Friction Test
Appendices M Construction Note of Posttensioning Prestressed
Appendices N Tensioning Record of Stayed-cable
Appendices P Determination for Vibration Frequency of Stayed - Cable Jacking Force
Appendices Q Adjusting Record of Stayed-cable Jacking Force
Appendices R Record of Deflection Variation Overhang Cantilever for Stayed-cable Bridge in Construction Stage
