GB/T 46368-2025 Requirements and test methods for performance of geodetic antenna for BeiDou navigation satellite system English, Anglais, Englisch, Inglés, えいご
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ICS 13.220.10
CCS H 57
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB 46368-2025
Requirements and test methods for performance of geodetic antenna for BeiDou navigation satellite system
北斗卫星导航系统测量型天线性能要求及测试方法
Issue date: 2025-10-31 Implementation date: 2026-05-01
Issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
the Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
Contents
Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 General Requirements
5 Power Control
6 Primary Frequency Regulation
7 Operational Adaptability
8 Power Quality
9 Relay Protection and Safety Automatic Devices
10 Dispatch Automation and Communication
11 Simulation Models and Parameters
12 Grid Connection Testing and Evaluation
References
1 Scope
This document specifies the performance requirements for BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) geodetic antennas and describes the corresponding testing methods.
This document applies to the design, production, use, and testing of BDS geodetic antennas (hereinafter referred to as "geodetic antennas").
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents are incorporated into this document as essential clauses through normative references. For dated references, only the version cited applies; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies.
GB/T 2423.1 Environmental Testing for Electrical and Electronic Products—Part 2: Test Methods—Test A: Cold
GB/T 2423.2 Environmental Testing for Electrical and Electronic Products—Part 2: Test Methods—Test B: Dry Heat
GB/T 2423.3 Environmental Testing—Part 2: Test Methods—Test Cab: Damp Heat, Steady State
GB/T 2423.5 Environmental Testing—Part 2: Test Methods—Test Ea and Guidance: Shock
GB/T 2423.7 Environmental Testing—Part 2: Test Methods—Test Ec: Shock (mainly applicable to equipment-type samples)
GB/T 2423.10 Environmental Testing—Part 2: Test Methods—Test Fc: Vibration (Sinusoidal)
GB/T 2423.17 Environmental Testing—Part 2: Test Methods—Test Ka: Salt Mist
GB/T 4208—2017 Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures (IP Code)
GB/T 9390 Terminology for Navigation
GB/T 17626.2—2018 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)—Testing and Measurement Techniques—Electrostatic Discharge Immunity Test
GB/T 17626.5—2019 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)—Testing and Measurement Techniques—Surge Immunity Test
GB 50826—2012 Code for Engineering Design of Electromagnetic Anechoic Chambers
3 Terms, Definitions, and Abbreviations
3.1 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 9390 and the following apply to this document.
3.1.1 Coordinate System of Antenna
A right-handed coordinate system with the antenna phase center as the origin, the antenna axial direction as the Z-axis, a reference direction in the plane perpendicular to the Z-axis and passing through the origin as the X-axis, and the Y-axis perpendicular to both the Z-axis and X-axis.
Note: The antenna coordinate system often uses spherical coordinates. For any point P on the sphere, the angle between the projection of OP (where O is the origin) on the XOY plane and the X-axis is φ, the angle between OP and the Z-axis is the antenna pointing angle θ, and the angle between OP and the XOY plane is the antenna elevation angle. θ and the antenna elevation angle are complementary angles (as shown in Figure 1).
3.1.2 Geodetic Antenna
A device used in high-precision satellite navigation positioning systems to receive electromagnetic signals from navigation satellites and output them via RF cable assemblies to satellite navigation positioning receiver hosts, featuring a stable phase center.
3.1.3 Reference Station Antenna
A geodetic antenna used in continuously operating reference stations.
3.1.4 Rover Antenna
A geodetic antenna used in mobile terminal devices.
3.1.5 Radiation Pattern of Antenna
The spatial distribution of electromagnetic field characteristic quantities generated by an antenna.
3.1.6 Antenna Gain
The ratio of the radiation intensity in a specific direction to that of an ideal point source when the input power is identical.
Note 1: Unless otherwise specified, antenna gain typically refers to the gain in the maximum radiation direction.
Note 2: If the antenna is lossless, the gain in a given direction numerically equals its directivity coefficient.
3.1.7 Un-Roundness
The larger absolute deviation between the maximum and minimum values and the average value of the antenna radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the antenna axial direction at a specific elevation angle (complementary to θ).
Note: The average value refers to the arithmetic mean of the level values (in dB) in the azimuthal range with intervals not exceeding 5° in the plane radiation pattern.
3.1.8 Roll-Off Factor
The ratio of the axial value (θ = 0°) of the antenna radiation pattern to the value in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction (θ = 90°, φ = 0° to 360°).
3.1.9 Front-to-Back Ratio
The ratio of the axial value (θ = 0°) of the antenna radiation pattern to the maximum value within the ±30° angular domain behind the antenna.
3.1.10 Antenna Polarization
The trajectory of the endpoint of the electric field vector over time in the plane perpendicular to the direction of electromagnetic wave propagation.
3.1.11 Axial Ratio
The ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of an elliptical polarization.
Note: Circular polarization is a special case of elliptical polarization.
3.1.12 Out-of-Band Rejection
The degree of suppression of signals outside the operating frequency band.
3.1.13 Group Delay
The transmission time of signals through the device under test, defined as the derivative of the phase characteristics with respect to angular frequency.
Note: Group delay is calculated according to Formula (1).
3.1.14 Group Delay Variation
The peak-to-peak variation of group delay with frequency within each operating frequency band.
3.1.15 1 dB Compression Point Output Power
The output power value at which the gain of an amplifier drops by 1 dB compared to the gain in the linear region when entering the nonlinear region.
3.1.16 Antenna Reference Point
A designated point on the antenna used for installation and phase center calibration.
Note: Typically specified by the manufacturer, usually the intersection point of the antenna mounting surface and the geometric center axis.
3.1.17 Antenna Phase Center
The curvature center of the far-field radiation phase surfaces of an antenna.
3.1.18 Phase Center Offset (PCO)
The deviation between the antenna phase center and the geometric center.
3.2 Abbreviations
The following abbreviations apply to this document.
