Gas turbine combined cycle power plants - Thermal performance tests
1 Scope
This document specifies standard rules for preparing, conducting, evaluating and reporting thermal performance tests on combined cycle and cogeneration power plants driven by gas turbines for base and part load operation with or without supplementary firing.
This document is applicable to
——thermal performance tests for general information,
——thermal acceptance tests for determining the performance of the combined cycle plant in relation to a contractual guarantee, and
——comparative tests designed to check the performance differentials of the combined cycle and cogeneration power plants, for testing before and after modifications, upgrades or overhauls.
It can be used to determine the following thermal performance test goals and expected values, under specific operating and reference conditions within defined test boundaries:
——electrical power output;
——heat rate or thermal efficiency;
——process steam and/or district heat w/o generation of electrical power output by means of a steam turbine.
This document does not apply to individual equipment component testing, which is covered by corresponding standards.
It is not intended to be applied to the following test goals:
——environmental testing for example emissions, noise;
——vibration testing;
——operational testing;
——absolute or comparative performance of specific components of the combined cycle covered by dedicated standards (e.g. gas turbines).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 14100-2016 Gas turbines - Acceptance tests （ISO 2314:2009, IDT）
ISO 3675 Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products - Laboratory determination of density - Hydrometer method
Note: GB/T 1884-2000, Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products - Laboratory determination of density - Hydrometer method (eqv ISO 3675:1998)
ISO 5167 (all parts) Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running in full
Note: GB/T 2624 (all parts), Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full [ISO 5167 (all parts)]
ISO 6974-1 Natural gas - Determination of composition and associated uncertainty by gas chromatography - Part 1: General guidelines and calculation of composition
Note: GB/T 27894.1-2020, Natural gas - Determination of composition and associated uncertainty by gas chromatography - Part 1: General guidelines and calculation of composition (ISO 6974-1:2012, IDT)
ISO 6975 Natural gas - Extended analysis - Gas-chromatographic method
ISO 6976 Natural gas - Calculation of calorific values, density, relative density and Wobbe indices from composition
Note: GB/T 11062-2020, Natural gas - Calculation of calorific values, density, relative density and Wobbe indices from composition (ISO 6976:2016, IDT)
ISO 9951 Measurement of gas flow in closed conduits - Turbine meters
Note: GB/T 18940-2003, Measurement of gas flow in closed conduits - Turbine meters (ISO 9951:1993, IDT)
ISO 10715:1997 Natural gas - Sampling guidelines
Note: GB/T 13609-2017, Natural gas sampling guidelines (ISO 10715:1997, MOD)
ISO 10790 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Guidance to the selection, installation and use of Coriolis flowmeters (mass flow, density and volume flow measurements)
Note: GB/T 20728-2021, Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Guidance to the selection, installation and use of Coriolis flowmeters (ISO 10790:2015, IDT)
ISO 12185 Crude petroleum and petroleum products - Determination of density - Oscillating U-tube method
ISO 12213-2 Natural gas - Calculation of compression factor - Part 2: Calculation using molar-composition analysis
Note: GB/T 17747.2-2011, Natural gas - Calculation of compression factor - Part 2: Calculation using molar-composition analysis (ISO 12213-2:2006, MOD)
ISO/IEC 17025 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
Note: GB/T 27025-2019, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025:2017, IDT)
ISO 17089-1 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Ultrasonic meters for gas - Part 1: Meters for custody transfer and allocation measurement
Note: GB/T 34041.1-2017, Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Ultrasonic meters for gas - Part 1: Meters for custody transfer and allocation measurement (ISO 17089-1:2010, IDT)
ISO 20765-1 Natural gas - Calculation of thermodynamic properties - Part 1: Gas phase properties for transmission and distribution applications
Note: GB/T 30491.1-2014, Natural gas - Calculation of thermodynamic properties - Part 1: Gas phase properties for transmission and distribution applications (ISO 20765-1:2005, IDT)
ASTM D1945 Standard Test Method for Analysis of Natural Gas by Gas Chromatography
ASTM D4052 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
Note: GB/T 29617-2013, Determination of density, relative density,and API gravity of liquids by digital density meter
ASTM D4809 Standard Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter
ASTM D4868 Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net and Gross Heat of Combustion of Hydrocarbon Burner and Diesel Fuels
DIN 51900-1 Testing of solid and liquid fuels - Determination of gross calorific value by the bomb calorimeter and calculation of net calorific value - Part 1: Principles, apparatus, methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
absolute test
test carried out in order to prove an absolute guarantee or an absolute expected performance
3.2
comparative test
test carried out in order to prove a relative change or improvement of performance
Note: For example, for retrofits.
3.3
performance test
means test of performance of power output, efficiency or heat rate, heat duty, process steam mass flows, etc., as specified
Note: For example, performance tests could be specified in contractual agreements.
3.4
preliminary test
test or tests in advance of the actual performance test (3.3) to check the complete measuring system and main components to verify that the power plant is in a suitable condition before conducting the actual performance test
3.5
simple cycle
thermodynamic cycle consisting only of successive compression, combustion and expansion
Note: Generation of electrical power output driven only from a gas turbine (3.29) or from the gas turbine in combined cycle (3.28) using a bypass stack. The working fluid enters the gas turbine from the atmosphere and is discharged into the atmosphere.
[SOURCE: GB/T 15135-2018, 2.24, modified]
3.6
open cycle
combined cycle (3.28) with the steam turbine bypassed in which the working fluid enters the gas turbine from the atmosphere and is discharged through a heat recovery steam generator stack into the atmosphere
Note: The generation of electrical power output in a combined cycle (3.28) plant operating in open cycle is provided only from the gas turbine, as the steam turbine is bypassed.
3.7
test boundary
imaginary boundary drawn encompassing the major equipment included in the test scope
3.8
heat duty
thermal net/gross output produced from the combined cycle (3.28) plant
3.9
heat rate; HR
ratio of the fuel energy supplied per unit time to the electrical power produced
Note 1: Inverse of thermal efficiency.
Note 2: The heat rate is expressed in units of kilojoules per kilowatt hour [kJ/(kW•h)].
[SOURCE: GB/T 15135-2018, 6.31, modified.]
