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Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. GB/T 4146 consists of the following three parts under the general title Textiles - Man-made fibers: ——Part 1: Generic name; ——Part 2: Terms of products; ——Part 3: Terms of inspection. This is Part 1 of GB/T 4146. This part was developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009 This part replaces GB/T 4146.1-2009 Textiles - Man-made fibers - Part 1: Generic names. In addition to editorial changes, the following technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 4146.1-2009: ——The term and definition of “man-made fibre” are added (see 2.1); ——The generic names, codes, distinguishing attribute and chemical formulae of 11 kinds of man-made fibres are added, such as modacrylic fibres, chitosan, melamine, protein, trivinyl, polybenzimi-dazol, elastomultiester, polyamidoester, silicon carbide, polyhydroxy and polyarylate (see Table 1); ——The vinylal in 4.21 of Table 1 is classified into acetalized and unacetalized, acetalized poly (vinyl alcohol) is referred to as "vinylon” (see Table 1; Table 1 of Edition 2009); ——The name of “bicomponent fibre” is added (see Clause 5); ——Table 2 and Table 3 of Edition 2009 are adjusted to Annex D and Annex E (see Annex D and Annex E; Table 2 and Table 3 of Edition 2009). This standard has been redrafted and modified in relation to ISO 2076:2013 Textiles - Man-made fibres - Part 1: Generic names. The main technical differences with respect to ISO 2076:2013 and their reasons are as follows: ——The applicable scope of the standard is added in Clause 1; ——The specification of “In both the English and French languages, the generic name shall be written without capital letters” in 3.2 is deleted; ——The generic names, codes, distinguishing attribute and chemical formulae of 6 kinds of man-made fibres are added in Table 1, such as chitosan, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polyamidoester, silicon carbide, polyhydroxy and polyarylate; ——The vinylal in 4.21 of Table 1 is classified into acetalized and unacetalized; ——The polypropylene/polyamide bicomponent in Table 1 is adjusted to Table 2, and polyethylene/polypropylene bicomponent and polyester/polyamide bicomponent with 2 different kinds of polymer couple structures are added in Table 2, ——The names of the man-made fibres are added and the column of “other denominations” is deleted in Table 1. The following editorial changes have also been made in this part: ——To be consistent with the existing standard series, the standard name is changed to Textiles - Man-made fibres - Part 1: Generic names; ——The note in 2.1 is deleted and the "chemical fibre" in the note is added to the English name of the term "man-made fibre"; ——The structures of bicomponent fibre (examples) are added in Annex B; ——The generic names of the fibres in Table F.1 that are different from the ISO standards in China are deleted, and the numbers of other tables in Annex F are adjusted. This part was proposed by the China National Textile and Apparel Council. This standard is under the jurisdiction of SAC/TC 209 National Technical Committee on Textiles of Standardization Administration of China. The previous editions of this part are as follows: ——GB/T 4146-1984; ——GB/T 4146.1-2009. Textiles - Man-made fibres - Part 1: Generic names 1 Scope This part of GB/T 4146 lists the generic names used to designate the different categories of man-made fibres, based on a main polymer, currently manufactured on an industrial scale for textile and other purposes, together with the distinguishing attributes that characterize them. This part presents recommendations of rules for the creation of the generic name (see Annex A), the description of the fibre structures in case of fibre made of several components (see Annex B) and the description of modified fibres (see Annex C), and lists the index of generic names in English (See Annex D) and the index of generic name codes (See Annex E). This part is applicable to the generic names of various chemical fiber fibers. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 man-made fibre; chemical fibre fibers made by human beings, excluding natural fiber 3 General 3.1 Introduction The entries in Table 1 are organized into four principal elements: generic name, code, distinguishing attribute and chemical formulae. 3.2 Generic name This is the name to be used for the fibre whose attributes are described under the heading “Distinguishing attribute” in Table 1. The use of this name shall be limited to those fibres that contain not more than 15% by mass of property-enhancing additives during spinning (no limit is placed upon the proportion of additives that are not property enhanced). The generic name may also apply to a man-made fibre which results from a manufacturing process that can confer a distinguishing attribute. 3.3 Other denominations When relevant, this is the denomination used for the fibre name in the regulation of some countries, which differs from the generic name. The given denominations are relative to the following countries: countries of the European Union (EU), Japan (JP) and the USA (US). For further information on the regulation related to these countries, see Annex F. 3.4 Code This is a two- to four-letter designation used to facilitate the naming of man-made fibres, e.g. in sales and technical literature. In some cases, the coding system given to textile fibres is different from the one used for plastics. 3.5 Distinguishing attributes These are attributes that differentiate one fibre from all the others. Chemical difference, which often results in distinctive property differences, is the main basis for classification in this part; other attributes are used, where necessary, to differentiate between otherwise similar man-made fibres. The distinguishing attributes are not necessarily those by which the fibres might be identified or the same as those used for naming chemical molecules, nor are they necessarily suitable for the analysis of fibre mixtures. Note: In these descriptions, the concepts “group”, “linkage” and “unit” have been used in the following manner: ——"group” is used to denote a functional chemical unit, e.g. hydroxyl groups on acetate; ——“linkage” is used to denote a chemical bond; ——“unit” is used to denote a repeating element. 3.6 Chemical formulae These are indications of the chemical structure of the fibre. The examples do not comprise mandatory elements of this part given that, in some cases, the same chemical formula may be shared by more than one fibre category; e.g. cellulose II is shared by cupro, lyocell, modal and viscose. 4 Generic name The generic name of man-made fibers are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Generic names No. Generic name Code Distinguishing attribute Examples of chemical formulae 4.1 Cupro CUP Cellulose fibre obtained by the cuprammonium process Cellulose II: 4.2 Lyocell CLY Cellulose fibre obtained by an organic solvent spinning process. It is understood that: 1) an “organic solvent” means essentially a mixture of organic chemicals and water; 2) “solvent spinning” means dissolving and spinning without the formation of a derivative Cellulose II: 4.3 Modal CMD Cellulose fibre having a high breaking strength and a high wet modulus. The breaking strength Bc in the conditioned state and the force Bw required to produce an elongation of 5% in its wet state are where LD is the mean linear density (mass per unit length), in dtex. Bc and Bw are expressed in centinewtons (cN). Cellulose II: 4.4 Viscose CV Cellulose fibre obtained by the viscose process. Cellulose II: 4.5 Acetate CA Cellulose acetate fibre in which less than 92%, but at least 74%, of the hydroxyl groups are acetylated. Secondary cellulose acetate: where X=H or CH3CO and the degree of esterification is at least 2.22 but less than 2.76. 4.6 Triacetate CTA Cellulose acetate fibre in which at least 92% of the hydroxyl groups are acetylated. Cellulose triacetate: where X=H or CH3CO and the degree of esterification is between 2.76 and 3. 4.7 alginate ALG Fibre obtained from the metal salts of alginic acid. Calcium alginate: 4.8 Acrylic PAN Fibre composed of linear macromolecules having, in the chain, at least 85% by mass of acrylonitrile repeating units. Acrylonitrile: and acrylic copolymers: 4.9 Aramida AR Fibre composed of linear macromolecules made up of aromatic groups joined by amide or imide linkages, at least 85% of the amide or imide linkages being joined directly to two aromatic rings and the number of imide linkages, if the latter are present, not exceeding the number of amide linkages. Example 1: Example 2: Note: In Example 1, the aromatic groups can be the same or different. 4.10 Chlorofibre CLF Fibre composed of linear macromolecules having, in the chain, more than 50% by mass of vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride units (more than 65% in the case in which the rest of the chain is made up of acrylonitrile, the modacrylic fibres being thus excluded). Poly (vinyl chloride): And poly (vinylidene chloride): 4.11 Elastaneb EL Fibre composed of at least 85% by mass of a segmented polyurethane and which, if stretched to three times its unstretched length, rapidly reverts substantially to the unstretched length when the tension is removed. Macromolecules having alternate elastic and rigid segments with repetition of the group 4.12 Elastodieneb ED Fibre composed of natural or synthetic polyisoprene, or of one or more dienes polymerized with or without one or more vinyl monomers, and which, if stretched to three times its unstretched length, rapidly reverts substantially to the unstretched length when the tension is removed. Natural polyisoprene extracted from the latex of Hevea brasiliensis, vulcanized: 4.13 Fluorofibre PTFE Fibre composed of linear macromolecules made from aliphatic fluorocarbon monomers. Polytetrafluoroethylene: 4.14 Modacrylic MAC Fibre composed of linear macromolecules having, in the chain, at least 50% and less than 85% by mass of acrylonitrile. Acrylic copolymers: If X=H and Y=CI: acrylonitrile (vinyl chloride) copolymer If X=Y=CI: acrylonitrile (vinylidene chloride) copolymer 4.15 Polyamidec PA Fibre composed of linear macromolecules having, in the chain, recurring amide linkages, at least 85% of which are joined to aliphatic or cycloaliphatic units. Polyhexamethylene adipamide (polyamide 6-6): Polycaproamide (polyamide 6): 4.16 Polyester PES Fibre composed of linear macromolecules having, in the chain, at least 85% by mass of an ester of a diol and terephthalic acid. Poly (ethylene terephthalate) - (PET): Poly (trimethylene terephthalate) - (PTT) Poly(butylene terephthalate) - (PBT): 4.17 Polyethylened PE Fibre composed of linear macromolecules of unsubstituted saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. Polyethylene: 4.18 Polyimide PI Fibre composed of synthetic linear macromolecules having, in the chain, recurring imide units. Polyimide: where, R1 = aryl and R2 = alkyl 4.19 Polypropylened PP Fibre composed of linear macromolecules made up of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon units in which one carbon atom in two carries a methyl side group, generally in an isotactic configuration and without further substitution. Polypropylene: 4.20 Glass fibre GF Fibre obtained by drawing molten glass. - 4.21 Vinylal (acetalized poly (vinyl alcohol) is referred to as "vinylon”) PVAL Fibre composed of linear macromolecules of poly (vinyl alcohol) with different levels of acetalization. Acetalized poly (vinyl alcohol): where n>0 and R is: CH2 Unacetalized poly (vinyl alcohol): 4.22 Carbon fibre CF Fibre containing at least 90% by mass of carbon obtained by thermal carbonization of organic precursors. - 4.23 Metal fibree MTF Fibre obtained from metal. - 4.24 Polylactidef,g PLA Fibre formed of linear macromolecules having in chain at least 85% by mass of lactic acid ester units. 4.25 Elastolefin EOL Fibre composed of at least 95% by mass of partially cross-linked macromolecules, made up from ethylene and at least one other olefin, which, when stretched to one and a half times its original length and released, reverts rapidly and substantially to its initial length. 4.26 Melamine MEL Fibre formed of at least 85% by mass of cross-linked macromolecules made up of melamine derivatives 4.27 Polyphenylene sulphide PPS Fibre composed of linear macromolecules having in the main chain p-phenylthio group 4.28 Protein - Fibre obtained from natural protein substances regenerated and stabilized through the action of chemical agents - 4.29 Polycarbamide - Fibre formed of linear macromolecules having in the chain the recurring ureylene (NH-CO-NH) functional group 4.30 Trivinyl - Fibre formed of acrylonitrile terpolymer, a chlorinated vinyl monomer and a third vinyl monomer, none of which represents as much as 50% of the total mass - 4.31 Polybenzimi-dazol PBI Fibre formed of a long chain aromatic polymer having reoccurring imidazole groups as an integral part of the polymer chain 4.32 Elastomultiesterh ELE Fibre formed by the interaction of two or more chemically distinct linear macromolecules in two or more phases (of which none exceeds 85% by mass), which contains ester groups (at least 85%) as the dominant function and suitable treatment, and which, when stretched by 50%, and released, durably and rapidly reverts substantially to its unstretched length At least two ester macromolecules in each filament form an elastomer, e.g.: Example of physical arrangement: Parts A and B consist of different macromolecules with ester groups. GT = Glycol terephthalate 4.33 Ceramic fibre CEF A fibre composed of at least 40% by mass of alumina (Al2O3) - 4.34 (a) Chitin CHT a fibre made from chitin derivative with a degree of deacetylation of less than 75% Chitin: 4.34 (b) Chitosan CTS A fibre made from chitin derivative with a degree of deacetylation of at least 75% Chitosan: 4.35 Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene UMPE Usually a fibre made from linear polyethylene with a relative molecular mass greater than 106 4.36 Polyamidoester PAET A fiber made by copolymerization of terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol and caprolactam 4.37 Silicon carbide SIC A continuous fiber bundle composed of β crystallites with Si—C bond as the main bond - 4.38 Polyhydroxy PHA A fiber composed of at least 85% by mass of linear macromolecules of hydroxy fatty acid ester units Polyhydroxy: Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) copolymer (PHBV): 4.39 Polyarylate PAR A fiber composed oflinear aromatic polyester macromolecules - The Chinese in parentheses in the "generic name" column is the Chinese abbreviation of the generic name. a The prefixes “para-” and “meta-” refer to the chemical vocabulary related to the positions of the linkages on the aromatic ring. b The term “rubber” is used in some cases. c The unique number following the name refers to the number of carbon in the monomer (e.g. polyamide 6: 6 carbon in the monomer). The numbers following the name refer to the numbers of carbon in the monomers (e.g. polyamide 6.10 with 6 carbons in one monomer and 10 in the other monomer). d Forms part of the polyolefin class. e Fibres can also be coated with metals, in which case they are described as “metallized fibres” and not “metal fibres”. f The prefix “levo-” (or “L-”) refers to the important proportion of levorotary lactic acid occurring during the enzymatic process when produced from natural sugars (in this case, the melting point is at least 135℃). In opposite, the prefix “dextro/levo-” (or “D/L-”) refers to the presence of both dextrorotary and levorotary lactic acid when produced from other diesel sources. g The given definition in Table 1 slightly differs from the definition in EU, Japan and the USA. Refer to F.3, F.4 and F.5, respectively, in Annex F for further information. h Polyester/polyester bicomponent (cf. Table 2, 5.1). 5 Designation of the bicomponent fibres Table 2 lists only some bicomponent fibres currently in use and is not exhaustive as all possible combinations (in relation to polymer couples and their structures – cf. B.2) are not developed. Table 2 Bicomponent fibre designation No. Designations Polymer couples Structure 5.1 Polyester/polyester bicomponent Polyester (4.16), and polyester (4.16) [S/S type] 5.2 Polyester/polyester bicomponent Polyester (4.16), and polyester (4.16) [Sh/C type] 5.3 Polyethylene/polypropylene bicomponent Polyethylene (4.17), and polypropylene (4.19) [Sh/C type] 5.4 Polypropylene/polyamide bicomponent Polypropylene (4.19), and polyamide (4.15) [M/F type] 5.5 Polyester/polyamide bicomponent Polyester (4.16), and polyamide (4.15) [M/F type] 5.6 Polyester/polyamide bicomponent Polyester (4.16), and polyamide (4.15) [Sp/Sp type] 5.7 Polyethylene/polyester bicomponent Polyethylene (4.17), and polyester (4.16) [Sh/C type] Foreword II 1 Scope 2 Terms and definitions 3 General 4 Generic name 5 Designation of the bicomponent fibres Annex A (Informative) Rules related to the creation of a generic name Annex B (Informative) Fibres made of several components Annex C (Informative) Modified fibres Annex D (Informative) Index of generic names in English, in Chinese and in French Annex E (Informative) Index of generic name codes with English, French and Chinese equivalents Annex F (Informative) Regional and national requirements related to generic names Bibliography ICS 59.060.20 W 04 GB 中华人民共和国国家标准 GB/T 4146.1—2020 代替GB/T 4146.1—2009 纺织品 化学纤维 第1部分:属名 Textiles—Man-made fibres—Part 1:Generic names (ISO 2076:2013,Textiles—Man-made fibres—Generic names,MOD) 2020-10-21发布 2021-05-01实施 国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会 发布 前言 GB/T 4146《纺织品 化学纤维》分为以下3个部分: ——第1部分:属名; ——第2部分:产品术语; ——第3部分:检验术语。 本部分为GB/T 4146的第1部分。 本部分按照GB/T 1.1—2009给出的规则起草。 本部分代替GB/T 4146.1—2009《纺织品 化学纤维 第1部分:属名》,与GB/T 4146.1—2009相比,除编辑性修改外主要技术变化如下: ——增加了术语和定义“化学纤维”(见2.1); ——增加了改性聚丙烯腈纤维、壳聚糖纤维、三聚氰胺纤维、再生蛋白质纤维、三乙烯基纤维、聚苯并咪唑纤维、聚酯复合弹性纤维、聚酰胺酯纤维、碳化硅纤维、聚羟基脂肪酸酯纤维和聚芳酯纤维11种化学纤维的属名、符号、主要特征和化学分子式(见表1); ——将表1中4.21聚乙烯醇纤维分为缩醛化和未缩醛化两类,将维纶调整为缩醛化的聚乙烯醇纤维的简称(见表1,2009年版的表1); ——增加了双组分复合纤维的名称(见第5章); ——将2009年版的表2和表3分别调整为附录D和附录E(见附录D和附录E,2009年版的表2和表3)。 本部分使用重新起草法修改采用ISO 2076:2013《纺织品 化学纤维 属名》。 本部分与ISO 2076:2013的技术性差异及其原因如下: ——第1章增加了标准的适用范围; ——删除了3.2中对于英文和法文属名小写的规定; ——表1中增加了壳聚糖纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、聚酰胺酯纤维、碳化硅纤维、聚羟基脂肪酸酯纤维和聚芳酯纤维6种化学纤维的属名、符号、主要特征和化学分子式; ——将表1中4.21聚乙烯醇纤维分为缩醛化和未缩醛化两类; ——将表1中聚丙烯/聚酰胺复合纤维调整至表2中,并在表2中增加聚乙烯/聚丙烯复合纤维和2种不同复合结构的聚酯/聚酰胺复合纤维; ——增加了表1中部分化学纤维的简称,删除了表1中的“其他名称”一栏。 本部分还做了下列编辑性修改: ——为与现有标准系列一致,将标准名称改为“纺织品 化学纤维 第1部分:属名”; ——删除了2.1中的注,将注中的“chemical fibre”增加为术语“化学纤维”的英文名称; ——附录B中增加了裂片型双组分复合纤维的结构和示例图; ——删除了表F.1中国与ISO标准不同的纤维的属名,附录F中其他表的编号依次调整。 本部分由中国纺织工业联合会提出。 本部分由全国纺织品标准化技术委员会(SAC/TC 209)归口。 本部分所代替标准的历次版本发布情况为: ——GB/T 4146—1984; ——GB/T 4146.1—2009。 纺织品 化学纤维 第1部分:属名 1 范围 GB/T 4146的本部分列出了目前产业化生产的、供纺织及其他用途的、基于主要聚合物的各种化学纤维的属名及其主要特征。 本部分给出了属名的建立规则建议(参见附录A),描述了多组分纤维的纤维结构(参见附录B)和改性的纤维(参见附录C),列出了属名英文名称索引(参见附录D)和属名符号索引(参见附录E)。 本部分适用于各种化纤纤维的属名。 2 术语和定义 下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 2.1 化学纤维 man-made fibre;chemical fibre 除天然纤维以外的,由人工制造的纤维。 3 通则 3.1 简介 表1中的内容由属名、符号、主要特征和化学分子式四项组成。 3.2 属名 纤维的名称,其特点在表1“主要特征”中进行描述。该名称的使用应限定于成纤过程中用于增强性能的添加物含量(质量分数)不超过15%的纤维(对于非增强性能的添加物的比例则不作限定)。 该属名也适用于由生产工艺赋予主要特征的化学纤维。 3.3 其他名称 欧盟、日本和美国等国家或地区的法规中用到的某些纤维名称与本部分中规定的属名不同,具体相关信息参见附录F。 3.4 符号 使用2至4个特定字母,以便于在销售和技术文献等中对各种化学纤维进行命名。在某些情况下,用于纺织纤维的符号体系与塑料的符号体系是不同的。 3.5 主要特征 一种纤维具有与其他所有纤维不同的特点。化学性质的不同会导致纤维性能的不同,这是本部分分类的主要依据;当有必要时,纤维的其他特性也会用于区分那些相类似的化学纤维。这些主要特征不是用来鉴别纤维或命名化学分子的唯一根据,也不一定适用于分析纤维混合物。 注:在以下描述中,概念“基团”“键”“单元”已按照以下方式使用: ——“基团”用来表示官能团的化学单元,如醋酯纤维中的羟基; ——“键”用来表示化学键; ——“单元”用来表示重复片段。 3.6 化学分子式 表示纤维的化学结构。在某些情况下,多种纤维可能具有相同的化学分子式,例如铜氨、莱赛尔、莫代尔和粘胶纤维都用纤维素Ⅱ表示,所以一种化学分子式的示例不仅仅表示某一种纤维。 4 属名 化学纤维的属名见表1。 表1 属名 序号 属名 符号 主要特征 化学分子式示例 4.1 铜氨纤维 cupro CUP 由铜氨工艺得到的纤维素纤维 纤维素Ⅱ: 4.2 莱赛尔纤维 (莱赛尔) Lyocell CLY 由有机溶剂(NMMO)纺丝工艺得到的纤维素纤维。可理解为: 1) “有机溶剂”主要指有机化合物与水的混合物; 2) “溶剂纺丝”是指无衍生物形成的溶解和纺丝 纤维素Ⅱ: 4.3 莫代尔纤维 (莫代尔) modal CMD 具有高断裂强力和高湿模量的纤维素纤维。在调湿状态下的断裂强力Bc和在湿态下5%伸长时的力Bw满足: 式中,LD是平均线密度(单位长度质 量),单位为分特(dtex); Bc和Bw的单位为厘牛(cN) 纤维素Ⅱ: 4.4 粘胶纤维 (粘纤) viscose CV 由粘胶工艺得到的纤维素纤维 纤维素Ⅱ: 4.5 醋酯纤维 (醋纤) Acetate CA 纤维素醋酯纤维,其中74%~92%的羟基被乙酰化 纤维素二醋酯: 其中:X=H或CH3CO,酯化度为2.22~2.76 4.6 三醋酯纤维 Triacetate CTA 纤维素醋酯纤维,其中至少92%的羟基被乙酰化 纤维素三醋酯: 其中:X=H或CH3CO,酯化度为2.76~3 4.7 海藻纤维 alginate ALG 从褐藻酸的金属盐中得到的纤维 藻酸钙: 4.8 聚丙烯腈纤维 (腈纶) acrylic PAN 由分子链中至少有85%(质量分数) 丙烯腈单元的线型大分子构成的纤维 聚丙烯腈: 丙烯腈共聚物: 4.9 芳香族聚酰胺纤维a (芳纶) Aramid AR 由酰胺或亚酰胺键连接芳香族基团所构成的线型大分子组成的纤维,至少有85%的酰胺或亚酰胺键直接与两个芳环相联结,且当亚酰胺键存在时,其数值不超过酰胺键数 示例1: 示例2: 注:示例1中的芳香族基团可以相同或不同 4.10 含氯纤维 (氯纶) chlorofibre CLF 由分子链中含有50%以上(质量分数)氯乙烯或偏氯乙烯链节(当分子链的其余部分为丙烯腈时,分子链中的氯乙烯或偏氯乙烯链节含量应在65%以上,以排除改性聚丙烯腈纤维)的线型大分子构成的纤维 聚氯乙烯: 斗m一}} C1 聚偏氯乙烯: 聚偏氯乙烯: 4.11 聚氨酯弹性纤维b (氨纶) elastane EL 由至少85%(质量分数)聚氨基甲酸酯链段构成的纤维。这种纤维被拉伸至原长的3倍后再去除张力时,可迅速地基本回复到原长 具有重复的基团,弹性和刚性链段相交替的大分子。 4.12 二烯类弹性纤维b elastodiene ED 由天然或合成的聚异戊二烯或由一种以上二烯类聚合物构成的纤维,其中二烯类聚合物可带有一种以上乙烯基单体,也可不带。这种纤维被拉伸至原长的三倍后再去除张力时,可迅速地基本回复到原长 从巴西三叶橡胶浆中提取的天然聚异戊二烯(已硫化): 4.13 聚四氟乙烯纤维 (氟纶) fluorofibre PTFE 由脂肪族碳氟化合物单体的线型大分子构成的纤维 聚四氟乙烯: 4.14 改性聚丙烯腈纤维 (改性腈纶) modacrylic MAC 由分子链中含有50%~85%(质量分数)的丙烯腈的线型大分子构成的纤维 聚丙烯腈共聚物: 如果X为H,Y为Cl,则为聚丙烯腈(氯乙烯)共聚物。 如果X为Cl,Y为Cl,则为聚丙烯腈(偏二氯乙烯)共聚物 4.15 聚酰胺纤维c (锦纶、尼龙) polyamide PA 由重复的酰胺键的线型大分子构成的纤维,其中至少有85%的酰胺键与脂肪族的或脂环族单元相连接 聚己二酰己二胺(聚酰胺66): 聚己内酰胺(聚酰胺6): 4.16 聚酯纤维 polyester (PET简称“涤纶”) PES 由分子链中至少含有85%(质量分数)的对苯二甲酸二醇酯的线型大分子构成的纤维 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET): 聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT): 聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT): 4.17 聚乙烯纤维d (乙纶) polyethylene PE 由未被取代的饱和脂肪族烃的线型大分子构成的纤维 聚乙烯: 4.18 聚酰亚胺纤维 polyimide PI 由分子链中含重复酰亚胺单元的线型大分子构成的纤维 聚酰亚胺: 其中:R1为芳香基(aryl) R2为烷基(alkyl) 4.19 聚丙烯纤维d (丙纶) polypropylene PP 由饱和脂肪族烃的线型大分子构成的纤维,其中每两个碳原子中有一个带有一个侧甲基,一般为等规立构体,且没有其他取代基 聚丙烯: 4.20 玻璃纤维 glass fibre GF 通过牵伸熔融的玻璃得到的纤维 — 4.21 聚乙烯醇纤维(缩醛化的聚乙烯醇纤维简称“维纶”) vinylal PVAL 缩醛化程度不同的聚乙烯醇线型大分子 缩醛化的聚乙烯醇: 其中,n>0,R为CH2。 未缩醛化的聚乙烯醇: 4.22 碳纤维 carbon fibre CF 通过对有机纤维母体的热碳化得到的碳含量(质量分数)至少为90%的纤维 — 4.23 金属纤维e metal fibre MTF 由金属得到的纤维 — 4.24 聚乳酸纤维f,g polylactide PLA 由至少85%(质量分数)乳酸酯单元的线型大分子构成的纤维 4.25 聚烯烃弹性 纤维 elastolefin EOL 由至少95%(质量分数)的乙烯基和至少一种其他烯烃部分交联的大分子构成的纤维。纤维拉伸至原长度的1.5倍时松弛,能够快速回复到纤维的初始长度 4.26 三聚氰胺纤维 melamine MEL 由至少85%(质量分数)三聚氰胺衍生物的交联高分子构成的纤维 4.27 聚苯硫醚纤维 polyphenylene sulphide PPS 由苯硫基线型大分子构成的纤维 4.28 再生蛋白质纤维 protein — 以天然蛋白质为原料,通过化学助剂 将其再生和固化制得的纤维 — 4.29 聚脲纤维 polycarbamide — 大分子主链有重复的脲基(NH-CO-NH)功能基团构成的线性高分子纤维 4.30 三乙烯基纤维 trivinyl — 由丙烯腈三聚体、一种氯化乙烯单体和第三乙烯基单体构成的纤维,各组分含量(质量分数)均低于50% — 4.31 聚苯并咪唑纤维 polybenzimi-dazol PBI 由重复的咪唑基团为单元的长链芳香族聚合物构成的纤维 4.32 聚酯复合弹性纤维h elastomultiester ELE 由两相或多相形式存在、两种或多种化学性质不同的线型大分子(质量均不超过85%)交互作用形成的纤维,含有至少85%的酯基官能团,纤维多次拉伸到50%后松弛,能快速地回复到原长 每根中至少二个酯化大分子形成弹性纤维,如: 物理排列示例: A部分和B部分是由含酯基的不同大分子组成。 GT:醇酯基团 4.33 陶瓷纤维 ceramic fibre CEF 由至少40%(质量分数)三氧化二铝 (Al2O3)制成的纤维 — 4.34 (a) 甲壳素纤维 chitin CHT 由脱乙酰度小于75%的甲壳素及其衍生物为原料制得的纤维 甲壳素: 4.34 (b) 壳聚糖纤维 chitosan CTS 由脱乙酰度至少75%的甲壳素衍生物为原料制得的纤维 壳聚糖: 4.35 超高分子量聚乙烯纤维 ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene UMPE 通常指相对分子质量大于106的线性聚乙烯所制得的纤维 4.36 聚酰胺酯纤维 polyamidoester PAET 由对苯二甲酸、乙二醇、己内酰胺共聚制得的纤维 4.37 碳化硅纤维 silicon carbide SIC 以Si—C键为主键,由β微晶组成的连续纤维束 — 4.38 聚羟基脂肪酸酯纤维 polyhydroxy PHA 由至少85%(质量分数)的羟基脂肪酸酯单元的线型大分子构成的纤维 聚羟基脂肪酸酯: 聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-3-羟基戊酸酯)共聚物(PHBV): 4.39 聚芳酯纤维 polyarylate PAR 由芳香族聚酯线型大分子构成的纤维 — 注:“属名”栏括号中的中文为该属名的中文简称。 a 前缀“对位”或“间位”跟苯环上取代基的位置有关。 b 在其他领域有时是“橡胶”的意思。 c 名称后的唯一数字是指单体中的碳原子数(例如,聚酰胺6:单体有6个碳原子)。名称后的多个数字是指各单体中的碳原子数(例如,聚酰胺6.10:一个单体中碳原子数为6,另一个单体中碳原子数为lO)。 d 构成聚烯烃类的一部分。 e 在纤维上涂覆金属的情况下,描述为金属镀膜纤维(metallized fibres),而不是金属纤维(metal fibres)。 f 前缀“左旋-”(或“L-”)是指从天然糖中产生时,在酶促过程中产生的主要为左旋乳酸(在这种情况下,熔点至少为135℃)。相反,前缀“右旋/左旋-”(或“D/L-”)是指当从柴油来源生产时,右旋和左旋乳酸都存在。 g 表中给出的定义与欧盟、日本和美国的定义略有不同。更多相关信息分别参见附录F中的F.3、F.4和F.5。 h 聚酯/聚酯复合纤维(见表2中的5.1)。 5 双组分复合纤维的名称 表2仅列出目前使用的一些双组分复合纤维,没有列出所有可能的组合(关于复合纤维及其结构参见B.2)。 表2 双组分复合纤维的名称 序号 名称 聚合物组分 结构 5.1 聚酯/聚酯复合纤维 polyester/polyester bicomponent 聚酯(4.16)和聚酯(4.16) 并列型 (S/S) 5.2 聚酯/聚酯复合纤维 polyester/polyester bicomponent 聚酯(4.16)和聚酯(4.16) 皮芯型 (Sh/C) 5.3 聚乙烯/聚丙烯复合纤维 polyethylene/polypropylene bicomponent 聚乙烯(4.17)和聚丙烯(4.19) 皮芯型 (Sh/C) 5.4 聚丙烯/聚酰胺复合纤维 polypropylene/polyamide bicomponent 聚丙烯(4.19)和聚酰胺(4.15) 原纤基质型 (M/F) 5.5 聚酯/聚酰胺复合纤维 polyester/polyamide bicomponent 聚酯(4.16)和聚酰胺(4.15) 原纤基质型 (M/F) 5.6 聚酯/聚酰胺复合纤维 polyester/polyamide bicomponent 聚酯(4.16)和聚酰胺(4.15) 裂片型 (Sp/Sp) 5.7 聚乙烯/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯复合纤维 polyethylene/polyester bicomponent 聚乙烯(4.17)和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(4.16) 皮芯型 (Sh/C) 附录A (资料性附录) 建立属名的规则 A.1 唯一性 一种化学纤维具有唯一的属名。 A.2 使用已知的属名 表1中列出的化学纤维属名已经充分考虑了现有的情况。列表中的属名大部分是基于聚合物的化学性质,只对一些具有新化学性质特征的新型纤维才考虑创建新的属名。 选择纤维属名时可与现有的属名列表进行比较而定。 A.3 基于化学性质的属名 正如A.1所指出的,只对一些具有新化学性质特征的纤维才考虑创建新的属名。 在这种情况下,新纤维的属名宜考虑主要聚合物的化学性质。 纤维名称的选择宜由主要聚合物的化学性质决定。 A.4 功能或特性的排除 纤维的功能性发展可能会增加对纤维属名的限定语,从而导致混乱或不易理解。 注:可能的特性或功能包括防火、防紫外线、微生物活性(抑菌、杀菌等)、水合作用、调温等。 按本部分的最初原则,除弹性性能(如A.5所述)外,纤维的属名不宜考虑纤维的特性或功能。 除弹性性能(如A.5所述)外,纤维的属名不宜考虑纤维的特性或功能。 A.5 关于弹性性能 纤维的弹性性能是本部分所明示的唯一特性,在本部分中,可以加“弹性”。 纤维的弹性性能与纤维有关,纤维在牵引力作用下被拉伸后,当张力去除时纤维会迅速地恢复到原长。 纤维的弹性性能可以由以下两种方法得到: ——纤维本身具有弹性,例如二烯类弹性纤维、聚氨酯弹性纤维、烯烃类弹性纤维; ——纤维的结构(例如:通过卷曲拉伸等工艺形成一种卷曲纤维),赋予了“机械”的弹性,例如聚酯复合弹性纤维。 当弹性性能保持并能证明时,纤维的属名可以加“弹性”。 A.6 工业规模化生产 一种化学纤维的属名,一般以纺织和其他用途的工业规模化生产的纤维为基础,以便列于表1中。 属名的化学纤维一般为工业规模化生产的纤维。 附录B (资料性附录) 复合纤维 B.1 通则 一些化学纤维是由两种或两种以上具有不同的化学性质或物理结构的聚合物加工而成。 当纤维由两个成分组成时,一般称为双组分复合纤维。 B.2 双组分复合纤维结构 B.2.1 并列型(S/S) 纤维中的组分呈“并排”结构。各组分聚合物分列两边(见表B.1中的示例)。 B.2.2 皮芯型(Sh/C) 纤维中的组分呈“皮层-芯层”结构。由一种外部聚合物“皮层(Sh)”包裹一种内部聚合物“芯层(C)”(见表B.1中的示例)。 B.2.3 原纤基质型(M/F) 纤维中的组分呈“原纤在基质中”结构。一种聚合物的“原纤(F)”分散在另一种聚合物“基质(M)”中(见表B.1中的示例)。 B.2.4 裂片型(Sp/Sp) 纤维中两种组分沿纤维轴向分别连续排列,纤维截面呈现橘瓣、条形等形状,经后加工处理能分成多个裂片。 B.3 双组分复合纤维的命名 双组分复合纤维的名称宜基于两种组分的属名,如果需要可加上结构类型。 符号“/”代表聚合物之间的组合。 示例:两种聚酯沿纤维纵向分列于纤维两侧的双组分复合纤维,命名为聚酯/聚酯复合纤维[S/S]。 表B.1 双组分复合纤维的结构示例图 结构 示例 并列型S/S 皮芯型Sh/C 原纤基质型M/F 裂片型Sp/Sp 附录C (资料性附录) 改性的纤维 C.1 通则 化学纤维可以通过添加成分来改变纤维的某些初始性能。 注:在可纺材料中添加的成分可能是颗粒、分子等,它们与附录B中描述的聚合物成分不同。 这种成分被当作是“嵌入”在主要的聚合物中。 C.2 改性的纤维的名称 改性的纤维的名称由纤维的属名(作为基体)以及后缀(含有“××”)组成,其中××表示与所添加成分相关的术语。 C.3 示例 C.3.1 改性的聚乙烯醇纤维 蛋白(分子)已被用于嵌入在乙烯醇聚合物中,该纤维的名称为“聚乙烯醇纤维(含有蛋白)”。 C.3.2 改性的聚丙烯腈纤维 蛋白(分子)已被用于嵌入丙烯腈聚合物中,该纤维的名称为“聚丙烯腈纤维(含有蛋白)”。 C.3.3 改性的粘胶纤维 珍珠粉(粉碎或磨碎的珍珠颗粒)或百草成分加入粘胶原液中,该纤维的名称为“粘胶纤维(含有珍珠粉或百草)”。 附录D (资料性附录) 属名英文名称索引(英文、中文和法文) 属名英文名称索引见表D.1。 表D.1 属名英文名称索引 英文 中文 法文 条目编号 符号 acetate 醋酯纤维 acétate 4.5 CA acrylic 聚丙烯腈纤维 acrylique 4.8 PAN alginate 海藻纤维 alginate 4.7 ALG aramid 芳香族聚酰胺纤维 aramide 4.9 AR carbon fibre 碳纤维 carbone 4.22 CF ceramic fibre 陶瓷纤维 céramique 4.33 CEF chitin 甲壳素纤维 chitine 4.34(a) CHT chitosan 壳聚糖纤维 — 4.34(b) CTS chlorofibre 含氯纤维 chlorofibre 4.10 CLF cupro 铜氨纤维 cupro 4.1 CUP elastane 聚氨酯弹性纤维 é1asthanne 4.11 EI. elastodiene 二烯类弹性纤维 é1astodiène 4.12 ED elastolefin 聚烯烃弹性纤维 elastolefine 4.25 EOL elastomultiester 聚酯复合弹性纤维 elastomultiester 4.32 ELE fluorofibre 聚四氟乙烯纤维 fluorofibre 4.13 PTFE glass fibre 玻璃纤维 verre 4.20 GF lyocell 莱赛尔纤维 lyocell 4.2 CLY metal fibre 金属纤维 fibre de metal 4.23 MTF modacrylic 改性聚丙烯腈纤维 modacrylique 4.14 MAC modal 莫代尔纤维 modal 4.3 CMD polyamide 聚酰胺纤维 polyamide 4.15 PA polybenzimidazol 聚苯并咪唑纤维 polybenzimidazol 4.31 PBI polycarbamide 聚脲纤维 polycarbamide 4.29 — polyamidoester 聚酰胺酯纤维 — 4.36 PAET polyester 聚酯纤维 p01yester 4.16 PES polyethylene 聚乙烯纤维 polyethylane 4.17 PE polylactide 聚乳酸纤维 polylactide 4.24 PLA polyimide 聚酰亚胺纤维 polyimide 4.18 PI polyphenylene sulphide 聚苯硫醚纤维 polysulfure de phénylène 4.27 PPS polypropylene 聚丙烯纤维 polypropylène 4.19 PP polyhydroxy 聚羟基脂肪酸酯纤维 — 4.38 PHA polyarylate 聚芳酯纤维 — 4.39 PAR protein 再生蛋白质纤维 protéinique 4.28 — silicon carbide 碳化硅纤维 — 4.37 SIC triacetate 三醋酯纤维 triacétate 4.6 CTA trivinyl 三乙烯基纤维 Trivinyl 4.30 — Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene 超高分子量聚乙烯纤维 — 4.35 UMPE vinylal 聚乙烯醇纤维 vinylal 4.21 PVAL viscose 粘胶纤维 viscose 4.1 CV 附录E (资料性附录) 属名符号索引(英文、法文和中文) 属名符号索引见表E.1。 表E.1 属名符号索引 符号 英文 法文 中文 ALG alginate alginate 海藻纤维 AR aramid aramide 芳香族聚酰胺纤维 CA acetate acétate 醋酯纤维 CEF ceraillic fibre céramique 陶瓷纤维 CF carbon fibre carbone 碳纤维 CHT chitin chitine 甲壳素纤维 CLF chlorofibre chlorofibre 含氯纤维 CLY lyocell lyocell 莱赛尔纤维 CMD model modal 莫代尔纤维 CTA triacetate triacétate 三醋酯纤维 CTS chitosan — 壳聚糖纤维 CUP cupro cupro 铜氨纤维 CV viscose viscose 粘胶纤维 ED elastodiene élastodiène 二烯类弹性纤维 EL elastane élasthanne 聚氨酯弹性纤维 ELE elastomultiester elastomultiester 聚酯复合弹性纤维 EOL elastolefin elastolefine 聚烯烃弹性纤维 GF glass fibre verre 玻璃纤维 MAC modacrylic modacrylique 改性聚丙烯腈纤维 MTF metel fibre fibre de métal 金属纤维 PA polyamide polyamide 聚酰胺纤维 PAET polyamidoester — 聚酰胺酯纤维 PAN acrylic acrylique 聚丙烯腈纤维 PAR polyarylate — 聚芳酯纤维 PBI polybenzimidazol polybenzimidazol 聚苯并咪唑纤维 PE polyethylene polyethylene 聚乙烯纤维 PES polyester polyester 聚酯纤维 PHA polyhydroxy — 聚羟基脂肪酸酯纤维 PI polyimide polyimide 聚酰亚胺纤维 PLA polylactide polylactide 聚乳酸纤维 PP polypropylene polypropylène 聚丙烯纤维 PPS polyphenylene sulphide polysulfure de phénylène 聚苯硫醚纤维 PTFE fluorofibre fluorofibre 聚四氟乙烯纤维 PVAL vinylal vinylal 聚乙烯醇纤维 SIC silicon carbide — 碳化硅纤维 UMPE ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene — 超高分子量聚乙烯纤维 — polycarbamide polycarbamide 聚脲纤维 — protein protéinique 再生蛋白质纤维 — trivinyl trivinyl 三乙烯基纤维 附录F (资料性附录) 与属名有关的区域和国家的要求 F.1 通则 某些国家和地区有与纤维含量标签有关的条例或具体要求。以下是我国、欧盟、日本和美国规定的与这些要求相关的信息。至于其他国家,可以咨询相关的国家标准机构或查阅相关的网站。 F.2 我国的要求 我国相关的标准为GB/T 29862,该标准中有关纤维名称的标识引用了本部分,因此其纤维名称与本部分中规定的属名相同。 F.3 欧盟各国的要求 欧盟于2011年9月27日通过欧洲议会和理事会发布了(EU)No 1007/2011法规,该法规规定了纺织品纤维成分和标签的相关要求,并废除了原纤维成分和标签相关的指令73/44/EEC、96/73/EC、2008/121/EC,与本部分的属名相比,包括以下不同和/或附加的纤维名称(见表F.1——非详尽清单)。 表F.1 本部分属名与欧盟的纤维名称 序号 属名 欧盟的纤维名称 备注 4.15 聚酰胺纤维(polyamide) polyamide or nylon 在一些欧盟国家,“尼龙”的使用仅限于聚酰胺6.6 4.23 金属纤维(metal fibre) metallic fibre — 4.21 聚乳酸纤维(polylactide) polylactide 由线性大分子构成的纤维,其分子链中至少85%的乳酸酯单元来自天然糖,熔点至少为135℃ F.4 日本的要求 日本相关的法规主要为“纺织品质量标签法规”,与本部分的属名相比,包括以下不同和/或附加的纤维名称(见表F.2——非详尽清单)。 表F.2 本部分属名与日本的纤维名称 序号 属名 日本的纤维名称 备注 4.4 粘胶纤维(viscose) rayon — 4.11 聚氨酯弹性纤维(elastane) polyurethane — 4.24 聚乳酸纤维a(polylactide) polylactide 日本定义:由线性大分子构成的纤维,其分子链中至少有50%的乳酸酯单元 a 销售至欧盟和美国的聚乳酸纤维产品要与表F.1或表F.3中的定义一致。 F.5 美国的要求 美国相关的法规主要为“纺织纤维产品鉴定法案”,与本部分的属名相比,包括以下不同和/或附加的纤维名称(见表F.3——非详尽清单)。 表F.3 本部分属名与美国的纤维名称 序号 属名 美国的纤维名称 备注 4.4 粘胶纤维(viscose) rayon — 4.11 聚氨酯弹性纤维(elastane) spandex — 4.15 聚酰胺纤维(polyamide) nylon — 4.16 聚酯纤维(polyester) triexta “triexta”的名称只用于聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯 4.17 聚乙烯纤维(polyethylene) olefin — 4.19 聚丙烯纤维(polypropylene) olefin — 4.23 金属纤维(metal fibre) metallic fibre — 4.24 聚乳酸纤维(polylactide) PLA 由线性大分子构成的纤维,其分子链中至少85%的乳酸酯单元来自天然糖 4.25 聚烯烃弹性纤维(elastolefin) lastol — 4.28 再生蛋白质纤维(protein) azlon — 4.32 聚酯复合弹性纤维(elastomultiester) elasterell-p — 参考文献 [1] GB/T 29862 纺织品 纤维含量的标识 |
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