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Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of SAT/TC 309 National Technical Committee on Hydrogen Energy of Standardization Administration of China. Introduction This standard provides technical reference for liquid hydrogen production system, and the safety requirements of liquid hydrogen production system shall be subject to laws and regulations, mandatory national standards and other relevant regulations. Technical specification for liquid hydrogen production system 1 Scope This standard specifies the basic technical requirements of liquid hydrogen production systems, as well as the requirements in hydrogen liquefaction device, liquid hydrogen storage, hydrogen discharge, automatic control and detection analysis, electrical facilities, lightning protection, anti-static and protective grounding, auxiliary facilities and safety protection. This standard is applicable to the design of constructed, renovated, extended liquid hydrogen production system. This standard is not applicable to liquid hydrogen production systems in military, national defense and aerospace fields. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB 3836.4 Explosive atmospheres - Part 4: Equipment protection by intrinsic safety “i” GB 3836.14 Explosive atmospheres - Part 14: Classification of areas - Explosive gas atmosphere GB 4208 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code) GB/T 4830 Industrial process measurement and control instruments - Pressure range and quality of air supply GB 4962 Technical safety regulation for gaseous hydrogen use GB/T 8175 Guide for design of thermal insulation of equipment and pipes GB/T 8979 Pure nitrogen, high purity nitrogen and ultra-pure nitrogen GB/T 24499 Technology glossary for gaseous hydrogen, hydrogen energy and hydrogen energy system GB/T 24925 Low temperature valve - Technical specifications GB/T 31480 Materials for high vacuum multilayer insulation of cryogenic vessel GB/T 31481 Guidance for gas/materials compatibility of cryogenic vessels GB/T 40045 Fuel specification for hydrogen powered vehicles - Liquid hydrogen (LH2) GB/T 40060 Technical requirements for storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen GB 50016 Code for fire protection design of buildings GB/T 50050 Code for design of industrial recirculating cooling water treatment GB 50052 Code for design electric power supply systems GB 50057 Code for design protection of structures against lightning GB 50058 Code for design of electrical installations in explosive atmospheres GB 50140 Code for design of extinguisher distribution in buildings GB 50177 Design code for hydrogen station GB 50516 Technical code for hydrogen fuelling station GB 50974 Code of design on fire protection water supply and hydrant systems 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 24499 and the following apply. 3.1 liquid hydrogen production system general name of hydrogen source device, hydrogen liquefaction device, liquid hydrogen storage device, liquid hydrogen filling device, automatic control device, analysis and test device, auxiliary device for liquid hydrogen preparation, electrical facilities, pipeline accessories, etc. 3.2 hydrogen liquefaction device process device for realizing liquefaction of gaseous hydrogen as raw material, including compressor, heat exchanger, ortho-para-hydrogen catalytic converter, vacuum pump, purifier, turbo expander and other unit equipment, as well as various pipelines, valves and instruments 3.3 cold box (liquefier) low-temperature insulation equipment which condenses hydrogen into liquid hydrogen by continuously extracting heat from hydrogen in thermodynamic process Note: It is composed of turbo expander, low-temperature purifier, heat exchanger, and ortho-para-hydrogen catalytic converter. 3.4 ortho-para-hydrogen catalytic converter device for converting ortho-hydrogen into para-hydrogen by using a special catalyst 3.5 liquid hydrogen storage vessel pressure vessel for storing liquid hydrogen 3.6 liquid hydrogen receiving tank storage vessel for receiving liquid hydrogen products produced by hydrogen liquefaction device and having liquid hydrogen transfer function 4 Basic technical requirements 4.1 General requirements 4.1.1 The layout of the liquid hydrogen production system shall follow the principles of safe production and resource saving, and it shall feature in clear functional division and reasonable partition setting for safe and reliable operation. 4.1.2 The liquid hydrogen production system shall be far away from densely populated areas and adjacent traffic arteries, and shall meet relevant requirements of GB 50177. 4.1.3 There shall be no less than two safety exits in the places with liquid hydrogen production system, and they shall be distributed in a dispersed way. 4.1.4 The liquid hydrogen production system should be arranged in an independent single-storey building (structure), which may be open or semi-open. The design of the building (structure) shall meet the requirements of GB 50177. If it is arranged in a building, the dead angle with hydrogen accumulation shall be avoided in the design of the building, and an exhaust system shall be set at the top of the building. 4.1.5 The buildings (structures) of the liquid hydrogen production system shall not be provided with staff quarters, offices or lounges, etc. 4.1.6 The road width in the area of liquid hydrogen production system shall not be less than 4m, the clearance height of road surface shall not be less than 4.5m, and the roads in the process device that also serve as fire lanes shall be interconnected. 4.1.7 The liquid hydrogen storage vessel with more connecting pipelines or larger pipe diameters should be arranged near the inlet and outlet of pipelines in the tank farm. 4.2 Setting of liquid hydrogen production system 4.2.1 The configuration of hydrogen liquefaction devices, various storage vessels and auxiliary devices in the liquid hydrogen production system shall be determined according to the production scale of raw material hydrogen and liquid hydrogen and the type of hydrogen liquefaction technology. 4.2.2 The preparation method of raw material hydrogen shall be determined after technical and economic evaluation according to the conditions of local resources. 4.2.3 The hydrogen liquefaction device, hydrogen source device and liquid hydrogen storage vessel should be set up centrally, and shall meet the relevant requirements of GB 50177. 4.2.4 The hydrogen liquefaction device, hydrogen source device and liquid hydrogen storage vessel should be set at the edge of the plant area with flat and open terrain and good natural ventilation. Anti-collision walls or fences should be set, and obvious fire prohibition signs and safety warning signs shall be set. 4.3 Pipeline, valves and accessories 4.3.1 The design of pipelines and their accessories shall meet relevant national standards and technical specifications for safety of special equipment. 4.3.2 The liquid hydrogen pipeline and pipeline joint shall be provided with cold and heat compensation structure when necessary. 4.3.3 The low-temperature liquid pipeline shall be provided with measures to prevent overpressure caused by pipeline temperature rise. 4.3.4 The insulation mode, insulation material and insulation layer thickness of pipeline shall be determined according to the requirements of medium temperature and cold loss. Multi-layer insulation materials should be used for vacuum insulation pipeline, and the main technical performance shall meet the requirements of GB/T 31480 and GB/T 31481. The main technical performance of non-vacuum insulation pipeline shall meet the requirements of GB/T 8175. 4.3.5 Selection of pipeline valves and welding of pipeline joints shall meet the relevant requirements of GB 50177. 4.3.6 The minimum clear distance between pipelines and other overhead pipelines, buried pipelines and buildings shall meet the relevant requirement of GB 50177. 4.3.7 The configuration of liquid hydrogen transfer pipeline shall meet the following requirements: a) Its materials shall be compatible with liquid hydrogen; b) Thermal insulation measures shall be provided; c) The inside of the pipeline shall be carefully cleaned and dried to remove grease, moisture and mechanical impurities; d) Welding should be adopted for pipeline connection, and pipe joints shall be sealed and reliable; e) The liquid hydrogen transfer pipeline shall be laid on the ground, and the layout of the pipeline shall avoid crossing with the road. If the open trench is used due to conditions, measures shall be taken to prevent hydrogen from accumulating in the trench, and the inlet and outlet devices and buildings shall be sealed off; f) The length of the pipeline should be short, and the dead zone shall be reduced. The joints shall be insulated well. 4.3.8 Long-distance fixed pipelines at normal temperature or low temperature shall be provided with brackets that allow axial expansion and contraction and limit radial movement at regular intervals, and shall be provided with reliable grounding measures. 4.4 Low-temperature valve 4.4.1 The technical requirements, test methods and inspection rules, etc. regarding the low-temperature valves shall be consistent with the relevant requirements of GB/T 24925. 4.4.2 The insulation form of the valve shall be determined according to the function of the low-temperature valve and the position of the valve. 4.4.3 Low-temperature valves shall have good sealing performance and flexible state in low-temperature environment. 4.4.4 The flow passage in the inner cavity of the low-temperature valve shall be unblocked to ensure the smooth blowing and replacement. Low-temperature valve with complex structure shall be provided with blow-off port. 5 Hydrogen liquefaction device 5.1 General requirements 5.1.1 The technological process and unit equipment selection of hydrogen liquefaction device shall be determined according to the technical requirements of production process, production scale and product quality. 5.1.2 The process flow shall be designed according to the low temperature characteristics and pressure parameters of the process medium used in liquid hydrogen production. 5.1.3 The pre-cooling mode of hydrogen liquefaction cycle shall be determined according to the production scale and other conditions, and refrigeration device or outsourcing cold source are set for liquid hydrogen production system accordingly. When adopting liquid nitrogen pre-cooling process, a liquid nitrogen storage vessel should be provided, and its volume should meet the liquid nitrogen storage capacity required for liquid hydrogen production for 3d. 5.1.4 Liquefaction process equipment shall be reasonably arranged according to the sequence of process flow and site conditions, and the position difference shall be fully utilized. The distance between equipment and equipment, equipment and building (structure) components shall meet the requirements of production operation, installation and maintenance, overhead pipeline, underground channel, etc. 5.1.5 The hydrogen compressor should be set in a separate building (structure). The hydrogen concentration alarm device shall be set at the place where hydrogen is easy to accumulate in the hydrogen compressor room, and it shall be linked with the mechanical exhaust fan. 5.1.6 Unit equipment shall not be located on both sides of the building deformation joint in a crossing way. 5.1.7 The heating time of hydrogen liquefaction device shall not be less than the cooling time. 5.2 Configuration of process equipment 5.2.1 The configuration of process equipment shall be determined by technical and economic comparison according to product quality requirements, liquefaction process flow and its technical parameters, equipment production capacity and equipment use efficiency. 5.2.2 The process equipment shall be selected according to material type, flow rate, temperature, pressure and other factors. 5.2.3 The selection of compressor and turbo expander shall be determined according to the liquid hydrogen production capacity, process flow and technical parameters. Compressors, turbo expanders, vacuum pumps, water pumps and other equipment shall be selected as the products with high efficiency, stable operating performance, low noise, low failure rate and convenient maintenance. 5.2.4 The pressure vessel of Hydrogen liquefaction equipment shall meet relevant national standards and safety technical regulations for special equipment. 5.2.5 The motors and machinery equipment installed outdoors shall be provided with anti-rust and protective measures. The motor shall meet the relevant requirements given in GB/T 4208. 5.2.6 Measures shall be taken to prevent resonance for units, auxiliary equipment and pipelines which are prone to vibration in liquid hydrogen system. 5.2.7 If an oil-lubricated compressor is used, an oil removal system shall be provided. 5.2.8 Reinforcement measures should be taken for compressor vent pipeline. 5.2.9 The selection of adsorbent for low-temperature purification shall be determined according to the requirements of impurity components in hydrogen before purification and impurity content in hydrogen after purification. 5.2.10 The ortho-para-hydrogen catalytic converter is divided into adiabatic reactor, isothermal reactor and continuous reactor. The combination of different types of conversion reactors should be selected and used for ortho-para-hydrogen catalytic conversion in hydrogen liquefaction device according to the requirements of liquid hydrogen production process. 5.2.11 The positive pressure replacement shall be adopted for purging and replacement of process equipment and pipelines, which shall meet the relevant requirements of GB/T 40060. Foreword II Introduction III 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Basic technical requirements 5 Hydrogen liquefaction device 6 Liquid hydrogen storage 7 Hydrogen discharge 8 Automatic control and detection analysis 9 Electrical facilities 10 Lightning protection, anti-static and protective grounding 11 Auxiliary facilities 12 Safety protection ICS 71.020 F 19 GB 中华人民共和国国家标准 GB/T 40061—2021 液氢生产系统技术规范 Technical specification for liquid hydrogen production system 2021-04-30发布 2021-11-01实施 国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会 发布 前言 本标准按照GB/T 1.1—2009给出的规则起草。 本标准由全国氢能标准化技术委员会(SAC/TC 309)提出并归口。 引言 本标准为液氢生产系统提供技术参考,液氢生产系统的安全要求以法律法规、强制性国家标准等有关规定为准。 液氢生产系统技术规范 1 范围 本标准规定了液氢生产系统的基本技术要求、氢液化装置、液氢贮存、氢气排放、自动控制与检测分析、电气设施、防雷防静电及保护接地、辅助设施、安全防护的要求。 本标准适用于新建、改建、扩建的液氢生产系统的设计。 本标准不适用于军事、国防、航天领域的液氢生产系统。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB 3836.4 爆炸性环境 第4部分:由本质安全型“i”保护的设备 GB 3836.14 爆炸性环境 第14部分:场所分类 爆炸性气体环境 GB/T 4208 外壳防护等级(IP代码) GB/T 4830 工业自动化仪表 气源压力范围和质量 GB 4962 氢气使用安全 技术规程 GB/T 8175 设备及管道绝热设计导则 GB/T 8979 纯氮、高纯氮和超纯氮 GB/T 24499 氢气、氢能与氢能系统术语 GB/T 24925 低温阀门技术条件 GB/T 31480 深冷容器用高真空多层绝热材料 GB/T 31481 深冷容器用材料与气体的相容性判定导则 GB/T 40045 氢能汽车用燃料液氢 GB/T 40060 液氢贮存和运输技术要求 GB 50016 建筑设计防火规范 GB/T 50050 工业循环水冷却处理设计规范 GB 50052 供配电系统设计规范 GB 50057 建筑物防雷设计规范 GB 50058 爆炸危险环境电力装置设计规范 GB 50140 建筑灭火器配置设计规范 GB 50177 氢气站设计规范 GB 50516 加氢站技术规范 GB 50974 消防给水及消火栓系统技术规范 3 术语和定义 GB/T 24499 界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 液氢生产系统 liquid hydrogen production system 氢气源装置、氢液化装置、液氢贮存装置、液氢充装装置、自动控制装置、分析化验装置、液氢制备用辅助装置、电气设施、管路附件等的总称。 3.2 氢液化装置 hydrogen liquefaction device 以气态氢为原料实现氢液化的工艺装置,包括压缩机、换热器、正-仲氢催化转化器、真空泵、纯化器、透平膨胀机等单元设备,以及各类管路、阀门、仪表等。 3.3 冷箱(液化器) cold box( liquefier) 通过热力学过程不断地从氢气中取出热量,使氢气冷凝为液氢的低温绝热设备。 注:由透平膨胀机、低温纯化器、换热器、正-仲氢催化转化器等部分组成。 3.4 正-仲氢催化转化器 ortho-para-hydrogen catalytic converter 采用专用的催化剂将正氢转化为仲氢的装置。 3.5 液氢储罐 liquid hydrogen storage vessel 贮存液氢的压力容器。 3.6 液氢接收罐 liquid hydrogen receiving tank 用于接收氢液化装置生产的液氢产品的储罐且具有液氢转注功能。 4 基本技术要求 4.1 一般规定 4.1.1 液氢生产系统平面布置应遵循安全生产、节约资源的原则,应做到功能划分明确,分区设置合理,有利于安全可靠运行。 4.1.2 液氢生产系统应远离人员密集地段和交通要道邻近处,并应符合GB 50177的相关规定。 4.1.3 设有液氢生产系统的场所安全出口不得少于两个,且应分散布置。 4.1.4 液氢生产系统宜布置在独立的单层建(构)筑物内,可采用敞开式或半敞开式,该建(构)筑物的设计应符合GB 50177的规定。如布置在建筑物内,建筑物设计应避免存在氢气积聚的死角,建筑物顶部应设置排风系统。 4.1.5 液氢生产系统的建(构)筑物内不得设置员工宿舍、办公室和休息室等人员逗留场所。 4.1.6 液氢生产系统区域内的道路宽度应不小于4 m,路面的净空高度应不小于4.5 m,工艺装置内兼作消防车道的道路应相互贯通。 4.1.7 连接管道根数较多或管径较大的液氢储罐,宜布置在靠近罐区管道进出口处。 4.2 液氢生产系统的设置 4.2.1 液氢生产系统的氢液化装置、各类储罐和辅助装置等配置,应根据原料氢、液氢生产规模和氢液化工艺技术类型等确定。 4.2.2 原料氢制备方法应根据当地的资源情况经技术经济评价后确定。 4.2.3 氢液化装置、氢气源装置和液氢储罐等宜集中设置,并应符合GB 50177的有关规定。 4.2.4 氢液化装置、氢气源装置和液氢储罐宜设置在厂区边缘处,要求地势平坦开阔,自然通风良好,宜设有防撞围墙或围栏,并应设置明显的禁火标志和安全警戒标志。 4.3 管道、阀门及其附件 4.3.1 管道及其附件的设计应符合相关国家标准和特种设备安全技术规范的规定。 4.3.2 液氢管道及管道连接处,必要时应设置冷热补偿结构。 4.3.3 低温液体管道应具备防止管路升温而造成超压的措施。 4.3.4 管道的绝热方式、绝热材料的选择、绝热层厚度的选取,应根据介质温度、冷损要求等确定。真空绝热管道宜采用多层绝热材料,主要技术性能应符合GB/T 31480和GB/T 31481的要求;非真空绝热管道的主要技术性能应符合GB/T 8175的要求。 4.3.5 管道阀门的选用以及管道接头的焊接应符合GB 50177的相关规定。 4.3.6 管道与其他架空管线、埋地管线及建筑物的最小净距应符合GB 50177的相关规定。 4.3.7 液氢输送管道的配置应符合下列要求: a) 材料应与液氢相容; b) 应具有保温绝热措施; c) 管道内部应经过认真清洗和干燥处理,去除油脂、水分及机械杂质; d) 管道连接宜采用焊接,管道接头应密封可靠; e) 液氢输送管道应地上敷设,管道的布局应避免与道路交叉,如受条件限制采用明沟敷设,应采取防止氢气在管沟内积聚的措施,并在进出装置及建筑物处密封隔断; f) 管道长度宜短,并应减少死区,连接处应做好绝热处理。 4.3.8 长距离的常温或低温固定管道,每隔一段距离设置允许轴向伸缩和限制径向移动的托架,且应具有可靠的接地措施。 4.4 低温阀门 4.4.1 低温阀门的技术要求、试验方法、检验规则等应符合GB/T 24925的相关规定。 4.4.2 应按照低温阀的功能以及阀门所处位置确定阀门的绝热形式。 4.4.3 低温阀门应具有良好的密封性能,在低温环境下状态灵活。 4.4.4 低温阀内腔的流道应畅通,确保吹除和置换顺利进行。结构复杂的低温阀应设置吹除口。 5 氢液化装置 5.1 一般规定 5.1.1 氢液化装置的工艺流程和单元设备选型应根据生产工艺技术要求、生产规模、产品品质等确定。 5.1.2 工艺流程设计应根据液氢生产中所采用工艺介质的低温特性、压力参数等确定。 5.1.3 液氢生产系统根据生产规模等条件确定氢液化循环的预冷方式,并相应设置制冷装置或外购冷源。当采用液氮预冷工艺流程时应配备液氮储罐,其容积宜满足液氢生产3 d所需的液氮贮存量。 5.1.4 液化工艺设备应按照工艺流程的顺序、现场条件合理安排,并应充分利用位差。设备与设备、设备与建(构)筑物构件之间的距离应满足生产操作、安装维修、架空管线、地下沟道等的要求。 5.1.5 氢气压缩机宜设置在单独的建(构)筑物内,氢压机间易积聚氢气处应设置氢浓度报警装置,并应与机械排风机连锁。 5.1.6 单元设备不应跨设在建筑变形缝的两侧。 5.1.7 氢液化装置升温时间不得小于降温时间。 5.2 工艺设备配置 5.2.1 工艺设备配置应按产品品质要求、液化工艺流程及其技术参数、设备生产能力及设备的使用效率等因素进行技术经济比较后确定。 5.2.2 工艺设备应根据物料的种类、流量、温度、压力等因素选型。 5.2.3 压缩机、透平膨胀机等的选择应根据液氢生产能力、工艺流程及其技术参数确定。压缩机、透平膨胀机、真空泵、水泵等设备应选择效率高、运行性能稳定、噪声小、故障率低且维修方便的定型产品。 5.2.4 氢液化设备中配套的压力容器应符合相关国家标准和特种设备安全技术规范的规定。 5.2.5 室外安装的电机及机器设备均应具有防锈、防护措施。电机应符合GB/T 4208的相关规定。 5.2.6 对液氢系统中易产生振动的机组、附属设备及其管道,应采取防止共振措施。 5.2.7 当采用有油润滑压缩机时,应配备除油系统。 5.2.8 压缩机放空管道宜采取加固措施。 5.2.9 低温纯化吸附剂的选择应根据纯化前氢气中杂质组分和纯化后氢气中杂质含量要求确定。 5.2.10 正-仲氢催化转化的设备分为绝热反应器、等温反应器和连续反应器,氢液化装置中正-仲氢转化宜按液氢生产工艺要求采取不同类型转化反应器组合的方式。 5.2.11 工艺设备、管道的吹扫置换均应采用正压置换方法,且应符合GB/T 40060的有关规定。 6 液氢贮存 6.1 一般规定 6.1.1 液氢储罐的总容量宜满足氢液化装置连续生产的要求,同时应考虑储罐自身的蒸发损失以及转注损失。 6.1.2 液氢储罐与建(构)物的防火间距应按液氢贮存量确定,通常应不小于GB 50177的相关规定。 6.2 液氢接收罐 6.2.1 液氢接收罐的设计、制造、检验、验收应符合相关国家标准和特种设备安全技术规范的规定。 6.2.2 液氢接收罐应设有安全装置及附件,包括串接式安全阀与爆破片、液位计、压力表、紧急切断阀、真空夹层安全泄放装置、夹层真空检测装置等,并应设有液位高位报警联锁装置。 7 氢气排放 7.1 一般规定 7.1.1 液氢生产系统根据工艺要求应设置氢气排放管路,包括:排放管、放空阀、安全阀等。 7.1.2 氢液化装置出口低温氢气排放管外壁应在人员可及的部位设保温层,以防人员冻伤。 7.1.3 低温氢气排放管路应具有足够的长度以确保排空口处氢气温度高于空气液化温度。排放管口温度不宜低于90 K。 7.1.4 氢气压力超过10 MPa的排放管和压力低于1.6 MPa的排放管不得共用排放总管。 7.1.5 吹扫、置换和再生等工艺的排放管路宜设置单向阀。 7.1.6 常温管道和低温管道的排放管宜分别设置。 7.2 排放管 7.2.1 氢的排放应设置专门的排放管,并应直接排至室外大气。 7.2.2 排放管应垂直设置,排放管口不能使氢气燃烧的辐射热和喷射火焰冲击到人或设备而发生人员伤害或设备性能损伤。 7.2.3 氢气排放管应采用铜、铝合金、不锈钢等金属材料,不得使用塑料管或橡皮管。 7.2.4 排放管口应设防空气倒流和雨雪侵入以及防凝结物和外来物堵塞的装置,并采取有效的静电消除措施。 7.2.5 排放管宜设置阻火器或正压氮气稀释吹扫装置。 7.2.6 氢气排放管路内表面应保持洁净,氢气排放速度宜低于100 m/s。 7.2.7 氢气排放管高度应符合GB 4962的有关规定。 8 自动控制与检测分析 8.1 一般规定 8.1.1 测量仪表自动控制系统和检测分析系统的设置应根据液氢生产工艺要求、相关技术参数和工艺介质品质要求,做到经济合理、技术先进、各技术功能操作安全可靠。 8.1.2 控制系统的设置应考虑系统结构的标准化及人机接口的整体性,并应实现技术先进性、可互换性、可维护性、可集中性的功能要求。 8.1.3 氢液化系统应配备独立的安全仪表系统,有爆炸危险场所的控制系统的设置应符合GB 50058的有关规定。 8.2 测量仪表 8.2.1 在液氢生产系统中,仪表型号规格宜协调一致。 8.2.2 生产过程中关键参数的检测应设置现场仪表和远传仪表两种形式,远传仪表宜采用4 mA~20 mA的标准模拟信号或开关信号。 8.2.3 有爆炸危险场所的仪表应根据爆炸危险类别、级别、组别进行选型,并应符合GB 50058的有关规定。 8.2.4 液氢生产系统的压力检测主要应包括液氢储罐压力显示检查、压缩机和冷箱内的压力检测等。 8.2.5 液氢生产系统应设的温度检测主要有液氢冷箱内各个换热器温度显示、换热器温度调节等。 8.2.6 液氢冷箱中的温度传感器应选择温区范围较宽的产品,并且关键温度点应设置备份传感器。 8.2.7 液氢、液氮储罐的液位连续测量宜采用差压式测量仪表,远传显示宜换算成标准体积。 8.2.8 冷箱入口原料氢气流量应进行监测。 8.2.9 二次仪表的显示方式和功能应根据液氢生产工艺及控制系统的要求确定,当要求信号传输时,可选择具有模拟信号输出功能或数字信号输出功能的仪表。 8.3 自动控制 8.3.1 液氢生产系统宜选用集散控制系统(DCS)、数据采集系统、工业微机或可编程序控制系统(PLC)等数字控制系统,控制系统的硬件、软件配置应与生产规模和控制要求相适应。 8.3.2 控制系统应按照易于与其他控制设备形成一个整体和易于扩充功能的原则选型,所选系统应稳定、可靠。 8.3.3 生产过程工艺参数的检测、控制应包括下列内容: a) 液氢生产工艺过程的运行参数检测; b) 用于进行核算或调度的重要参数,应设置累计功能; c) 对事故、故障原因进行分析的主要参数,应设置记录功能; d) 重要阀门、压缩机、泵、储罐等设备的运行状态、参数检测; e) 循环水系统、液氮贮存系统等辅助系统的运行参数检测; f) 环境参数检测。 8.3.4 控制系统中控制策略或者控制方法的确定应考虑控制对象特性、控制系统设备部件(包括检测元件、变送器、控制仪表、执行器等)的特性、干扰形式以及要求的控制品质等因素。 8.3.5 控制系统应根据液氢生产工艺要求分别设有手动-自动、内设定-外设定等切换装置。为了使切换无干扰,这些切换装置应具有自动跟踪功能。 8.3.6 集散控制系统和可编程序控制系统的供电应配备不间断电源,备用电源持续工作时间应不小于正常停车所需的时间。 8.3.7 液氢生产系统所设的自动控制系统,需要时可按无人值守要求配置。 8.3.8 氢气检测报警系统等应为独立的安全仪表系统。 8.4 检测分析 8.4.1 检测分析点 应按液氢生产工艺要求确定检测分析点,一般设在氢液化装置入口、氢气低温吸附器出口、氢液化装置出口、液氢储罐等位置,检测要求如下: a) 氢液化装置入口,宜对氢气中的氧、氮、水、一氧化碳、二氧化碳及总烃等杂质含量进行分析; b) 氢气低温吸附器出口,宜对氢气中的氮、氧、水、一氧化碳、二氧化碳及总烃等杂质含量进行分析; c) 氢液化装置出口、液氢储罐,宜对液氢中的仲氢、氧、氮、水、一氧化碳、二氧化碳及总烃等杂质含量进行分析。仲氢含量不小于95%。 8.4.2 检测分析方法 氢气及液氢中杂质含量的分析方法应按照GB/T 40045的有关规定执行。 9 电气设施 9.1 一般规定 9.1.1 液氢生产系统有爆炸危险环境的电气设施应符合GB 50177的有关规定。 9.1.2 有爆炸危险环境的电气装置和线路的设置,应符合GB 50058、GB 3836.4、GB 3836.14的相关规定。 9.2 供电 9.2.1 液氢生产系统的供电,按GB 50052规定的负荷分级。 9.2.2 供电主接线应简单可靠、运行安全、操作灵活、维修方便。 9.2.3 供电电压等级与供电回路应按照生产规模、性质和用电量,并结合地区电网的供电条件确定。液氢生产系统宜采用10 kV供电。 9.3 电气设备及线路 9.3.1 液氢生产系统的配电设备宜靠近负荷中心,并应集中控制,配电室、控制室不应与有腐蚀和容易积水的场所毗邻。 9.3.2 有爆炸危险房间的照明应采用防爆灯具,其光源宜采用荧光灯等高效光源。灯具不得安装在氢气释放源的正上方。液氢生产系统区域内应设置应急照明。 9.3.3 在有爆炸危险环境内的电缆及导线敷设应符合GB 50177的有关规定。敷设导线或电缆用的保护钢管,应在导线或电缆引向电气设备接头部件前及相邻的环境之间做隔离密封。 9.3.4 液氢生产系统区域内除有爆炸危险环境外的配电线路可选用铜芯线缆,室外宜采用电缆桥架或穿管敷设,室内宜采用电缆桥架敷设。 10 防雷、防静电及保护接地 10.1 液氢生产系统的防雷分类不应低于第二类防雷建筑。其防雷设施应防直击雷、防雷电感应和防雷电波侵入,防直击雷的防雷接闪器等应符合GB 50057的有关规定。 10.2 液氢生产系统内按用途分为电气设备工作(系统)接地、保护接地、雷电保护接地、防静电接地。不同用途接地共用一个总的接地装置时,其接地电阻应符合其中最小接地电阻。 10.3 液氢生产区内的设备、管道、构架、电缆金属外皮、钢屋架和突出屋面的放空管、风管等应接到防雷电感应接地装置上。管道法兰、阀门等连接处,应采用金属线跨接。 10.4 氢气管道防雷和接地应符合GB 50177的有关规定。室外架空敷设氢气管道应与防雷电感应的接地装置相连。埋地氢气管道,在进出建筑物处亦应与防雷电感应的接地装置相连。 10.5 有爆炸危险环境内可能产生静电危险的物体应采取防静电措施,并应符合GB 50177的有关规定。 10.6 要求接地的设备、管道等均应设接地端子。接地端子与接地线之间,可采用螺栓紧固连接;对有振动、位移的设备和管道,其连接处应加挠性连接线过渡。 11 辅助设施 11.1 仪表气源 11.1.1 仪表气源应符合GB/T 4830的有关规定。 11.1.2 仪表气源的设计容量应依据工艺设备用气总量,并同时计入使用系数、管道系统漏损系数后确定。 11.1.3 仪表用气的贮气缓冲罐容量应保证全部空气压缩机停运时,在其供气压力不低于气动设备最低允许工作压力的情况下,宜满足设备20 min~30 min的用气量要求。 11.1.4 对耗气量波动较大的供气点宜在气源总管上取气,宜采用单线供气方式。 11.1.5 对多台仪表或仪表布置密集的场合,宜采用支干方式供气,由支干管引至空气分配器或供气点。 11.1.6 当供气管网对多套装置(如制氢装置、氢液化装置、氢气管网等)的仪表供气时,宜采用环形管网供气。 11.2 氮气供应 11.2.1 液氢生产系统的氮气主要用于:氢气纯化的再生气、氢气系统的吹扫置换气、隔离空气的保护气、正压保护用气、气动仪表调试检修用气、仪表吹扫用气和仪表气源的备用气等。 11.2.2 液氢生产系统宜设置高压氮气贮存装置,氮气贮存量应满足吹扫、置换等用量需要,氮气品质应符合GB/T 8979高纯氮的相关要求。 11.3 氦气供应 11.3.1 液氢生产若采用氦循环制冷工艺方式,应设置氦气的贮存及输送管路。 11.3.2 氦气品质应符合氢液化生产工艺的要求。 11.4 冷却水系统 11.4.1 冷却水系统应采用循环水,供水压力宜大于0.15 MPa,并装设断水保护装置。 11.4.2 冷却水水质指标应符合GB/T 50050的相关规定。 12 安全防护 12.1 一般规定 12.1.1 液氢生产系统应设有系统安全、防火防爆等措施。 12.1.2 液氢和氢气设施应设有防火防爆措施。防火防爆措施的设置应根据液氢生产工艺要求、场地及周边条件、危险分析、暴露建筑物等综合因素确定,至少应包括以下内容: a) 检测和控制明火、液氢/氢气泄漏的设备; b) 灭火和其他消防设施; c) 发生事故时应紧急关闭的管路阀门、切断的气源及设备电源; d) 发生事故时氢气源装置、液氢储罐的处理方法; e) 发生事故时人员所需防护设备。 12.2 系统安全 12.2.1 紧急停车 12.2.1.1 液氢生产系统内应设有紧急停车装置,当该装置投入时,应切断液氢或氢气来源,同时关闭相关运行设备,且所有设备应满足紧急停车的要求。 12.2.1.2 如果关闭某设备可能引起附加危险或伤害,控制住液氢和氢气泄漏等危险后,应使设备处于安全位置/状态。 12.2.1.3 标识紧急停车点和操作规程的紧急停车操作指南,并应设置在相关的设施区。 12.2.2 防火和防漏 12.2.2.1 液氢生产系统内应设置氢气浓度报警装置,并应符合GB 50516的相关规定。当空气中氢气含量达到0.4%(体积分数)时,进行一级报警;当空气中氢气含量达到0.8%(体积分数)时,进行二级报警。 12.2.2.2 液氢生产区内氢气易泄漏的位置应设置紫外火焰探测器和红外火焰探测器。 12.2.2.3 液氢生产系统应按照GB 50974、GB 50016的有关规定设置消防水系统和消防设施。 12.2.2.4 灭火器的配置应符合GB 50140的相关规定。 12.2.2.5 液氢生产系统内可能积聚氢气的场所,应设有通风装置,并应符合GB 50177的有关规定。 |
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GB/T 40061-2021, GB 40061-2021, GBT 40061-2021, GB/T40061-2021, GB/T 40061, GB/T40061, GB40061-2021, GB 40061, GB40061, GBT40061-2021, GBT 40061, GBT40061 |