标准编号:	GB/T 35975-2018
中文名称:	起重吊具 分类
英文名称:	Load lifting attachments—Classification
中标分类:	J80    起重机械
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	53.020.30 53.020.30    起重设备附件 53.020.30
发布机构:	中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局、中国国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2018-02-06
实施日期:	2018-9-1
标准状态:	valid
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	8000 字
翻译价格(元):	300.0
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard was proposed by China Machinery Industry Federation. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Hoisting Machinery of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 227). Load lifting attachments - Classification 1 Scope This standard specifies the common classification of lifting attachments for hoisting machinery. This standard is applicable to lifting attachments for hoisting machinery. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 load lifting attachment devices used to lift objects during the operation of hoisting machinery 2.2 non-fixed load lifting attachment load lifting attachments capable of being removed conveniently from hoisting machinery 2.3 fixed load lifting attachment load lifting attachments capable of suspending net lifting weight and permanently fixing it at the lower part of flexible lifting member 2.4 gripping type load lifting attachment load lifting attachment that applies positive pressure to one side of an object to be lifted through its gripping part to overcome the gravity the object bears 2.5 suspension type load lifting attachment load lifting attachment that supports a lifted object with the suspension method, with the mass center of the object below its stress surface and the lifting attachment 2.6 pallet folk type load lifting attachment load lifting attachment that takes load with a freight fork or bears load with a pallet, with the load supporting point on the fork or pallet 2.7 adsorption type load lifting attachment load lifting attachment that adsorbs the object to be lifted through vacuum negative pressure or magnetic force 2.8 grab load lifting attachment that grabs and dumps matter through closing and opening of its grab petals 3 Types of lifting attachment 3.1 General Load lifting attachments are classified into non-fixed load lifting attachment and fixed load lifting attachment according to the modes they are connected to hoisting machinery. Load lifting attachments are classified into gripping type, suspension type, pallet fork type, absorption type, grab and a combination of any of the above types according to the manner of taking objects. 3.2 Gripping type load lifting attachment 3.2.1 Classification by working principle Gripping type load lifting attachments may be classified into gravity type, power type and hybrid type with the above two types combined together. 3.2.2 Classification by the shape of gripped object Gripping type load lifting attachments may be classified into plate blank gripping type (as shown in Figure 1), square billet gripping type (as shown in Figure 2), vertical coiling gripping type (as shown in Figure 3), round bar gripping type (as shown in Figure 4), etc. a) Gravity type b) Power type c) Hybrid type Figure 1 Plate blank gripping type load lifting attachment Figure 2 Square billet gripping type load lifting attachment Figure 3 Vertical coiling gripping type load lifting attachment Figure 4 Round bar gripping type load lifting attachment 3.3 Suspension type load lifting attachment 3.3.1 General Suspension type load lifting attachments may be classified into lifting hooks, suspending beams, container lifting attachments, horizontal coiling lifting attachments, C-hooks and hybrid types with any of the above types combined. 3.3.2 Lifting hooks Lifting hooks are classified into single hooks and double hooks by structural style, as shown in Figure 5a). They may be classified into forged lifting hooks and laminated lifting hooks, as shown in Figure 5b). a) Single hook and double hook b) Forged lifting hook and laminated lifting hook Figure 5 Lifting hooks 3.3.3 Suspending beam The suspending beams may be classified into fixed suspending beams, scalable suspending beams, rotary type suspending beams and composite scalable rotary type suspending beams by the type of service, as shown in Figure 6. a) Fixed suspending beams b) Scalable suspending beams c) Rotary type suspending beams Figure 6 Suspending beams 3.3.4 Container lifting attachments Container lifting attachments may be classified into fixed container lifting attachments, scalable container lifting attachments, rotary type container lifting attachments and composite scalable rotary type container lifting attachments, as shown in Figure 7. a) Fixed type b) Scalable type c) Rotary type Figure 7 Container lifting attachments 3.3.5 Horizontal coiling lifting attachments Horizontal coiling lifting attachments may be classified into rotary horizontal coiling lifting attachment and non-rotary horizontal coiling lifting attachment, as shown in Figure 8. a) Rotary horizontal coiling lifting attachment b) Non-rotary horizontal coiling lifting attachment Figure 8 horizontal coiling lifting attachment 3.3.6 C-hooks C-hooks are classified into rotary type and non-rotary type, as shown in Figure 9.

Foreword II 1 Scope 2 Terms and definitions 3 Types of lifting attachment 3.1 General 3.2 Gripping type load lifting attachment 3.3 Suspension type load lifting attachment 3.4 Pallet folk type load lifting attachments 3.5 Adsorption type load lifting attachment 3.6 Grab

ICS 53.020.30 J 80 中华人民共和国国家标准 GB/T 35975—2018 起重吊具 分类 Load lifting attachments—Classification 2018-02-06发布 2018-09-01实施 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局 中国国家标准化管理委员会 发布 前言 本标准按照GB/T 1.1—2009给出的规则起草。 本标准由中国机械工业联合会提出。 本标准由全国起重机械标准化技术委员会(SAC/TC 227)归口。 起重吊具 分类 1 范围 本标准规定了起重机械用吊具的常用分类。 本标准适用于起重机械用起重吊具。 2术语和定义 下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 2.1 起重吊具load lifting attachment 在起重机械作业中，用于吊运物品的装置。 2.2 可分吊具non-fixed load lifting attachment 能够方便地从起重机械上拆下的起重吊具。 2.3 固定吊具 fixed load lifting attachment 能吊挂净起重量，并永久固定在起重挠性件下端的起重吊具。 2.4 夹持类起重吊具gripping type load lifting attachment 通过吊具夹持部分对被吊物品侧面施加正压力，由正压力的作用效果克服被吊物品重力的起重吊具。 2.5 吊挂类起重吊具suspension type load lifting attachment 通过悬挂方式支撑被吊物品，且被吊物品质心位于吊具与被吊物品受力而下方的起重吊具。 2.6 托叉类起重吊具pallet Folk type load lifting attachment 通过货叉叉取载荷或通过托架支撑载荷，且载荷支撑点在货叉或托架上。 2.7 吸附类起重吊具 adsorpiton type load lifting attachment 通过真空负压或磁力吸持被吊物品的起重吊具。 2.8 抓斗grab 依靠斗瓣的闭合和张开，抓取和卸出物料的起重吊具。 3起重吊具类型 3.1 总则 起重吊具按照与起重机械的连接方式分为可分吊具和固定吊具。 起重吊具按照取物方式分为夹持类、吊挂类、托叉类、吸附类、抓斗及上述种类的组合。 3.2夹持类起重吊具 3.2.1 按工作原理分类 夹持类起重吊具按照工作原理可分为重力式夹持起重吊具、动力式夹持起重吊具及重力与动力结合使用的混合式夹持起重吊具。 3.2.2按夹持物品形状分类 夹持类起重吊具按照夹持物品形状可分为板坯夹持起重吊具(如图1所示)、方坯夹持起重吊具(如图2所示)、立卷夹持起重吊具(如图3所示)、圆棒夹持起重吊具(如图4所示)等。 a) 重力式 b) 动力式 c) 混合式 图1 板坯夹持起重吊具 图2方坯夹持起重吊具 图3 立卷夹持起重吊具 图4 圆棒夹持起重吊具 3.3 吊挂类起重吊具 3.3.1 总则 吊挂类起重吊具可分为吊钩、挂梁、集装箱吊具、卧卷吊具、C型钩和其中几种起重吊具的组合。 3.3.2 吊钩 按结构型式分为单钩和双钩，如图5a)所示。 吊钩按制造方法可分为锻造吊钩和叠片式吊钩，如图5b)所示。 a)单钩和双钩 b) 锻造吊钩和叠片式吊钩 图5 吊钩 3.3.3 挂梁 挂梁按使用形式可分为固定式挂梁、伸缩式挂梁、旋转式挂梁及伸缩旋转组合式挂梁，如图6所示。 a) 固定式挂梁 b)伸缩式挂梁 c)旋转式挂梁 图6 挂梁 3.3.4集装箱吊具 集装箱吊具可分为固定式集装箱吊具、伸缩式集装箱吊具、旋转式集装箱吊具及伸缩旋转组合式集装箱吊具，如图7所示。 a) 固定式 b) 伸缩式 c)旋转式 图7集装箱吊具 3.3.5 卧卷吊具 卧卷吊具可分为旋转卧卷吊具、非旋转卧卷吊具，如图8所示。 a) 旋转卧卷吊具 b)非旋转卧卷吊具 图8卧卷吊具 3.3.6 C型钩 C型钩分为旋转C型钩和非旋转C型钩，如图9所示。 a)旋转C型钩 b)非旋转C型钩 图9 C型钩 3.4托叉类起重吊具 托叉类吊具可分为起重叉(如图10所示)、板垛吊具(如图11所示)。 图10起重叉 图11 板垛吊具 3.5吸附类起重吊具 3.5.1 总则 吸附类吊具可分为起重真空吸盘和起重磁铁，如图12所示。 a)起重真空吸盘 b)起重永磁铁 c)起重电磁铁 图12 吸附类吊具 3.5.2起重真空吸盘 起重真空吸盘按动力源可分为动力式真空吸盘和非动力式真空吸盘。 3.5.3 起重磁铁 起重磁铁可分为起重永磁铁和起重电磁铁。其中，起重永磁铁可分为手动永磁铁和电控永磁铁。 3.6 抓斗 3.6.1 按控制抓斗开闭方式分 抓斗按控制开闭方式分为机械抓斗、电动抓斗、电动液压抓斗，如图13所示。 a)机械双瓣抓斗 b)机械多瓣抓斗c)电动双瓣抓斗 d) 电动液压双瓣抓斗 e) 电动液压多瓣抓斗 图13 抓斗 3.6.2按斗瓣数量分 抓斗按斗瓣数量可分为双瓣抓斗、多瓣抓斗。 3.6.3按抓取物料容重分 ——特轻型抓斗，物料容重(t/m3)：<0.8； ——轻型抓斗，物料容重(t/m3)：0.8～1.2； ——中型抓斗，物料容重(t/m3)：>1.2～2.0； ——重型抓斗，物料容重(t/m3)：>2.0～2.8； ——特重型抓斗，物料容重(t/m3)：>2.8。