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GB/T 17888 Safety of machinery—Permanent means of access to machinery consists of the following four parts:
——Part 1: Choice of fixed means and general requirements of access;
——Part 2: Working platforms and walkways;
——Part 3: Stairs, stepladders and guard-rails;
——Part 4: Fixed ladders.
This is Part 1 of GB/T 17888.
This part is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This part replaces GB/T 17888.1-2008 Safety of machinery—Permanent means of access to machinery—Part 1: Choice of a fixed means of access between two levels, with respect to which, the technical changes in Annex B have been made.
This part is a translation identical to ISO 14122-1: 2016 Safety of machinery—Permanent means of access to machinery—Part 1: Choice of fixed means and general requirements of access.
The Chinese document consistent and corresponding with the normative international document in this part is as follows:
——GB/T 15706-2012, Safety of machinery—General principles for design—Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100: 2010, IDT)
——GB/T 17888.3-2020, Safety of machinery—Permanent means of access to machinery—Part 3: Stairs, stepladders and guard-rails (ISO 14122-3: 2016, IDT)
——GB/T 17888.4-2020, Safety of machinery—Permanent means of access to machinery—Part 4: Fixed ladders (ISO 14122-4: 2016, IDT)
This part was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of SAC/TC 208 National Technical Committee on Mechanical Safety of Standardization Administration of China.
The previous editions of this part are as follows:
——GB 17888.1-1999 and GB/T 17888.1-2008.
Introduction
The architecture of safety standards in mechanical field is as follows:
——Class A standards (basic safety standards), specifying the basic concepts, design principles and general characteristics applicable to all machines;
——Class B standards (general safety standards), involving a kind of safety feature of machinery or a kind of widely used safety device:
Class B1, standards for safety features (such as safety distance, surface temperature and noise);
Class B2, standards of safety device (such as two-hand control device, interlocking device, pressure sensitive device, protective device).
——Class C standards (safety standards for mechanical products), specifying detailed safety requirements for a specific machine or a group of machines.
According to GB/T 15706, this part of GB/T 17888 belongs to Class B.
This part is particularly relevant to the following parties concerned with mechanical safety:
——machine manufacturer;
——health and safety agency.
Other parties concerned affected by the mechanical safety level are:
——machine user;
——machine owner;
——service provider;
——consumer (for machinery intended to be used by consumers).
All the above parties concerned may participate in the drafting of this part.
In addition, this part is intended to be used by standardization organizations drafting Class C standards.
The requirements specified in this part may be supplemented or modified by Class C standards.
For machines that are within the scope of Class C standards and have been designed and manufactured according to such standards, the requirements in Class C standards shall be preferred.
The purpose of GB/T 17888 is to define the general requirements for safe access to machines. This part gives guidance about the correct choice of access means when the necessary access to the machine is not possible directly from the ground level or from a floor or platform.
Annex A is informative and contains “Examples of the possible changes in the machine or system to make a better access possible”.
Safety of machinery—Permanent means of access to machinery—
Part 1: Choice of fixed means and general requirements of access
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 17888 gives general requirements for access to stationary machines and guidance about the correct choice of means of access when necessary access to the stationary machine is not possible directly from the ground level or from a floor.
It is applicable to permanent means of access which are a part of a stationary machine, and also to non-powered adjustable parts (e.g. foldable, slidable) and movable parts of fixed means of access.
Note 1: “Fixed” means of access are those mounted in such a manner (for example, by screws, nuts, welding) that they can only be removed by the use of tools.
This part specifies minimum requirements that also apply when the same means of access is required as the part of the building or civil construction (e.g. working platforms, walkways, ladders) where the machine is installed, on condition that the main function of that part of the construction is to provide a means of access to the machine.
Note 2: Where no local regulation or standards exist, this part can be used for means of access which are outside the scope of the standard.
It is intended that this part of GB/T 17888 be used with a relevant access-specific part of GB/T 17888.
The GB/T 17888 series as a whole is applicable to both stationary and mobile machinery where fixed means of access are necessary. It is not applicable to powered means of access such as lifts, escalators, or other devices specially designed to lift persons between two levels.
For the significant hazards covered by this part of GB/T 17888, see Clause 4.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 12100 Safety of machinery—General principles for design—Risk assessment and risk reduction
ISO 14122-3: 2016 Safety of machinery—Permanent means of access to machinery—Part 3: Stairs, stepladders and guard-rails)
ISO 14122-4: 2016 Safety of machinery—Permanent means of access to machinery—Part 4: Fixed ladders
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB 12100 and the following apply.
3.1
fixed ladder
fixed means of access with an angle of pitch from more than 75° up to 90°, whose horizontal elements are rungs
Note: see Figure 1.
Figure 1 75° < angle of pitch ≤ 90° for a fixed ladder
3.2
stepladder
fixed means of access with an angle of pitch from more than 45° up to 75°, whose horizontal elements are steps
Note: see Figure 2.
Figure 2 45° < angle of pitch ≤ 75° for a stepladder
3.3
stair
fixed means of access with an angle of pitch from more than 20° up to 45°, whose horizontal elements are steps
Note: see Figure 3.
Figure 3 20° < angle of pitch ≤ 45° for a stair
3.4
ramp
fixed means of access, comprising a continuous inclined plane having an angle of pitch from more than 0° up to 20°
Note: see Figure 4.
Figure 4 0° < angle of pitch ≤ 20° for a ramp
4 Significant hazards
The most significant hazards to be considered when determining the type and location of the means of access are the following:
a) falling;
b) falling from height;
c) slipping;
d) tripping;
e) excessive physical effort, e.g. from climbing a series of fixed ladders;
f) falling of materials or objects when they may cause a risk to persons.
Note 1: Other hazards generated by machinery to which a person could be exposed during access using means of access according to this standard, e.g. caused by the functioning of machinery [moving parts of the machine, movement of the machine itself (mobile machines), radiation, extreme temperatures, noise, steam, hot liquids] or caused by its environment (harmful airborne substances), are not covered by this part of GB/T 17888, but the designer/manufacturer of the machine needs to consider them, e.g. by preventing unauthorized access.
Note 2: ISO 12100 gives principles for risk assessment to identify and control all hazards. This part is aimed at the prevention of persons falling and of excessive physical effort.
Foreword i Introduction ii 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Significant hazards 5 General requirements for design and construction 6 Requirements for the selection of the fixed means of access 7 General requirements for information for use Annex A (Informative) Examples for the changes in the machine or system to make better access possible Annex B (Informative) Significant technical changes between GB/T 17888.1-2020 and GB/T 17888.1- Bibliography
机械安全 接近机械的固定设施 第1部分：固定设施的选择及接近的一般要求 1 范围 GB/T 17888的本部分规定了接近固定式机械的一般要求，给出了需要接近固定式机器而又无法从地面、地板或平台直接接近机器时，如何正确选择接近设施的指南。 本部分适用于作为固定式机械组成部分的永久性接近设施，也适用于固定式接近设施不带动力的可调式部件(如可折叠、可滑动)和活动部件。 注1：“固定式”接近设施是指完成安装(如通过螺钉、螺母、焊接)后，只有使用工具才能移除的接近设施。 本部分规定的最低要求也适用于安装机器的建筑物上的同类接近设施(如工作平台、通道、直梯)，前提是此类设施的主要功能是供接近机器使用。 注2：如果没有其他标准，本部分也适用于本部分范围之外的接近设施。 本部分与GB/T 17888的其他部分一起使用。 GB/T 17888适用于配有固定式接近设施的固定式机械和移动式机械，不适用于带动力的接近设施，如电梯、自动扶梯或其他专门设计用于在两级平面之间提升人员的装置。 本部分的第4章给出了重大危险。 2规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 ISO 12100 机械安全 设计通则 风险评估与风险减小(Safety of machinery—General principles for design—Risk assessment and risk reduction) ISO 14122-3：2016机械安全 接近机械的固定设施 第3部分：接梯、阶梯和护栏(Safety of ma-chinery—Permanent means of access to machinery—Part 3：Stairs，stepladders and guard-rails) ISO 14122-4：2016机械安全 接近机械的固定设施 第4部分：固定式直梯(Safety of machin-ery—Permanent means of access to machinery—Part 4：Fixed ladders) 3术语和定义 ISO 12100界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 固定式直梯fixed ladder 倾角大于75°且小于或等于90°，且水平构件为踏棍的固定式接近设施。 注：见图1。
