GB/T 1299-2025 Tool and mould steels English, Anglais, Englisch, Inglés, えいご
Tool and mould steels
1 Scope
This document specifies the classification and code, ordering information, manufacturing processes, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, and packaging, marking and quality certification of tool and mould steels.
This document is applicable to hot-rolled, forged, cold-drawn and bright steel bars and steel bars delivered in machined condition, and hot-rolled wire rods of tool and mould steels (hereinafter collectively referred to as steel bars), as well as single-rolled cold-rolled steel plates with a nominal thickness of not greater than 4mm and single-rolled hot-rolled steel plates with a nominal thickness of not greater than 10mm (hereinafter referred to as steel plates); the chemical composition specified herein also applies to steel ingots, steel billets, and their products.
Note: Steel bars and plates in this document are collectively referred to as steels.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 222 Steels and alloys - Permissible deviations of product analyzed chemical composition
GB/T 223 (all parts) Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy
GB/T 224 Determination of depth of decarburization of steels
GB/T 225 Steel - Hardenability test by end quenching (Jominy test)
GB/T 226 Test method for macrostructure and defect of steel by etching
GB/T 230.1 Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 1: Test method
GB/T 231.1 Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 1: Test method
GB/T 247 General rules of package, mark and certification for steel plate, sheet and strip
GB/T 702-2017 Hot-rolled steel bars - Dimensions, shape, weight and tolerances
GB/T 708-2019 Dimension, shape, weight and tolerance for cold-rolled steel strip and sheet
GB/T 709-2019 Dimension, shape, weight and tolerance for hot-rolled steel strip, plate and sheet
GB/T 905-1994 Dimension, shape, weight and tolerance for cold-drawn round, square and hexagonal steels
GB/T 908-2019 Forged bars for dimensions, shape, weight and tolerances
GB/T 1172 Conversion of hardness and strength for ferrous metal
GB/T 1979 Evaluation of macrostructural defects in structural steels - Acid etching method and ultrasonic testing method
GB/T 2101 General requirement of acceptance, packaging, marking and certification for section steel
GB/T 3207-2025 Bright steel
GB/T 4336 Carbon and low-alloy steel - Determination of multi-element contents - Spark discharge atomic emission spectrometric method (routine method)
GB/T 4340.1 Metallic materials - Vickers hardness test - Part 1: Test method
GB/T 6394 Determination of estimating the average grain size of metal
GB/T 8651 Flaw detection method by the ultrasonic plate wave for metal plates
GB/T 10561-2023 Determination of content of nonmetallic inclusions in steel - Micrographic method using standard diagrams
GB/T 11170 Stainless steel - Determination of multi-element contents - Spark discharge atomic emission spectrometric method (routine method)
GB/T 11261 Steel and iron - Determination of oxygen content - The pulse heating inert gas fusion-infra-red absorption method
GB/T 13298 Inspection methods of microstructure for metals
GB/T 14979-1994 Eutectic carbide of steel－Micrographic method using standard diagrams
GB/T 14981-2009 Dimension, shape, mass and tolerance for hot-rolled round wire rod
GB/T 17505 Steel and steel products - General technical delivery requirements
GB/T 20066 Steel and iron - Sampling and preparation of samples for the determination of chemical composition
GB/T 20123 Steel and iron - Determination of total carbon and sulfur content - Infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace (routine method)
GB/T 20124 Steel and iron - Determination of nitrogen content - Thermal conductimetric method after fusion in a current of inert gas (routine method)
GB/T 20566 Terminology of steel and alloy
GB/T 35690 Methods for the determination of the relative magnetic permeability of feebly magnetic materials
YB/T 6019 Ultrasonic testing method for die steel
YB/T 6240-2024 Carbideofhypereutectoid steel -
Micrographic method using standard diagrams
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 20566 and the following apply.
3.1
tool and mould steels
steels used for manufacturing of tools and moulds through cutting, forming, or other technical processes, which process raw materials (steels, non-ferrous metals, plastics, etc.) into components or products for specific applications, with high hardness and wear resistance, as well as sufficient toughness and strength, etc.
3.2
unalloyed steels for tools and moulds
carbon steels for tools and moulds
tool and mould steels with carbon content usually within 0.40% to 1.50%, and containing silicon, manganese and other trace elements within a certain amount
Note: Such steels are also known as carbon steels for tools and moulds.
3.3
steels for measuring tools and cutting tools
general term for steels used to manufacture measuring tools (calipers, block gauges, plug gauges, micrometers, etc.) and ordinary cutting tools (turning tools, milling cutters, planers, drills, taps, threading die, etc.), with high hardness, wear resistance, dimensional stability and certain toughness
3.4
shock-resisting tool steels
general term for steels used to manufacture tools and moulds operating under high impact load, frequent vibration, and dynamic stress conditions, with high hardness, excellent impact toughness and fatigue resistance
3.5
steel for cold-rolled forging steel rolls
general term for steel produced through forging process and specially used to manufacture cold-rolled plates and strip mill rolls, with high surface hardness and certain hardening depth, excellent wear resistance, fatigue resistance and core strength and toughness
3.6
cold-work mould steels
general term for steels used to manufacture moulds that shape workpieces by stamping, drawing, cold heading, extrusion, coining, rolling, etc., under cold conditions (≤200℃), with high hardness, high wear resistance, plastic deformation resistance, and moderate toughness
3.7
hot-work mould steels
general term for steels used to manufacture moulds that thermoform workpieces by forging, pressure casting, extrusion, shearing, etc., at high temperature (>200℃), with high heat resistance, thermal fatigue resistance, hot wear resistance, high hardenability, and excellent resistance to temper softening
3.8
plastic mould steels
general term for steels specifically used to manufacture plastic forming moulds (e.g., injection moulds, blow moulds, and extrusion moulds), with certain strength, hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and heat resistance, as well as good processability
4 Classification and code
4.1 Steels are classified into the following two categories according to chemical composition and application.
a) Unalloyed steels for tools and moulds:
1) unalloyed mould steels (designation prefixed with "SM");
2) unalloyed tool steels (designation prefixed with "T").
Note: Unalloyed tool steels are the former carbon tool steels.
b) Alloy steels for tools and moulds:
1) steels for measuring tools and cutting tools;
2) shock-resisting tool steels;
3) steel for cold-rolled forging steel rolls;
4) cold-work mould steels;
5) hot-work mould steels;
6) plastic mould steels.
4.2 Steels are classified into the following two categories according to the processing methods used.
a) Steels for pressure work (UP);
1) steels for hot pressure work (UHP);
2) steels for cold pressure work (UCP).
b) Steels for cut work (UC).
4.3 Steel bars are classified into the following six categories according to manufacturing & processing methods and cross-sectional shapes:
a) hot-rolled steel bars (round, square, flat);
b) forged steel bars (round, square, flat);
c) cold-drawn steel bars (round, square);
d) bright steel bars (round);
e) steel bars delivered in machined condition (round, square, flat);
f) hot-rolled wire rods (round).
5 Ordering information
The ordering contracts or orders made in accordance with this document should cover the following information:
a) a reference to this document;
b) product name;
c) steel designation;
d) weight (or quantity);
e) processing method used (see 4.2);
f) manufacturing & processing method and cross-sectional shape (see 4.3);
g) smelting method (see 6.1);
h) delivery condition (see 6.2);
i) dimensional specification and permissible deviation group;
j) fixed length and multiple length (indicated if required);
k) items or indexes as agreed by the supplier and the purchaser and indicated in the contract (selected by the supplier if not indicated);
l) other special requirements (see 7.11).
6 Manufacturing processes
6.1 Smelting method
Steels shall be smelted by external refining (including vacuum degassing). Electroslag remelting, vacuum arc remelting, or other processes that meet the requirements may also be used. The specific smelting method shall be indicated in the contract. When the vacuum degassing method is not specified, the external refining method may be selected by the supplier.
6.2 Delivery condition
6.2.1 Steel bars
6.2.1.1 Steel bars are generally delivered in annealed condition. However, 7Mn15Cr2Al3V2WMo steel bars are generally delivered in hot-rolled or hot-forged condition; SM45, SM50 and SM55 steel bars are generally delivered in hot-rolled, hot-forged + normalized, or hot-forged + (normalized + tempered) condition; unalloyed tool steel bars may be delivered in cold-drawn condition after annealing.
6.2.1.2 As required by the purchaser and indicated in the contract, plastic mould steel bars, hot-work mould steel bars and cold-work mould steel bars may be delivered in pre-hardened condition.
6.2.2 Steel plates
Steel plates shall be delivered in annealed condition.
7 Technical requirements
7.1 Designation and chemical composition
7.1.1 The designation and chemical composition (melting analysis) of steels shall meet those specified in Tables 1 to 7. The comparison of designations in this document with those in foreign standards is given in Annex A.
7.1.2 Steel plates are normally supplied in the following designations: 5Cr3MnSiMo1V, CrWV, MnCrWV, 5Cr8MoVSi, Cr8Mo2SiV, Cr12, Cr12W, Cr5Mo1V, Cr12MoV, Cr12Mo1V1, 4Cr5MoSiV, 4Cr5MoSiV1, 9Cr18, and 9Cr18MoV. As required by the purchaser and indicated in the contract, other designations specified in Table 1 to Table 7 may be supplied.
7.1.3 The permissible deviation for chemical composition of the steel finished products shall comply with the requirements of GB/T 222, and the permissible deviations for sulfur content in the finished product of 4Cr2Mn1MoS steel is ±0.010%.
Table 1 Designation and chemical composition of unalloyed steels for tools and moulds
Contents
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Classification and code
5 Ordering information
6 Manufacturing processes
6.1 Smelting method
6.2 Delivery condition
7 Technical requirements
7.1 Designation and chemical composition
7.2 As-delivered hardness
7.3 Macrostructure
7.4 Microstructure
7.5 Non-metallic inclusions
7.6 Decarburized layer
7.7 Relative magnetic permeability
7.8 Ultrasonic testing
7.9 Surface quality
7.10 Dimension, shape and weight
7.11 Special requirements
8 Test methods
9 Inspection rules
9.1 Inspection and acceptance
9.2 Batching rules
9.3 Sampling quantity and location
9.4 Re-inspection and judgment rules
10 Packaging, marking and quality certificate
Annex A (Informative) Comparison of designations in this document with those in foreign standards
Annex B (Informative) Main characteristics and applications of each designation
Annex C (Normative) Sampling for hardness test after quenching or quenching + tempering
Annex D (Normative) Standard diagrams for steel bars
Annex E (Normative) Macroetching and evaluation method of remelted steel bars and billets
E.1 General
E.2 Specimen
E.3 Classification, characteristics, causes and evaluation principles of defects
E.4 Standard diagrams and evaluation requirements
Annex F (Normative) Test method for hardenability of unalloyed tool steel bars
F.1 Principle
F.2 Symbols and descriptions
F.3 Specimen
F.4 Test method
F.5 Expression of results
Bibliography
