GB 9448-2025 Safety in welding and cutting English, Anglais, Englisch, Inglés, えいご
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ICS25.160.01
CCSJ33
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB9448-2025
Replaces GB9448-1999
Safety in welding and cutting
Released on August 1, 2025 Implementation on August 1, 2026
State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Administration
Contents
Preface
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and Definitions
4 General Provisions
5 Protection of working area and personnel
6 Ventilation
7 Fire Fighting Measures
8 Safety requirements in confined spaces
9 Public Exhibitions and Demonstrations
10 Warning signs
11 Oxygen-fuel welding and cutting safety
12 Arc Welding and Cutting Safety
13 Resistance Welding Safety
14 Electron Beam Welding and Cutting Safety
15 Laser and Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding and Cutting Safety
16 Brazing Safety
17 Friction Welding Safety
Safety in welding and cutting
1 Scope
This document specifies general safety requirements during welding and cutting operations, including work area and personnel protection, ventilation and fire protection measures, safety requirements in confined spaces, safety requirements during public exhibitions and demonstrations, and warning signs. It also specifies detailed safety requirements for specific
operations such as oxyfuel welding and cutting, arc welding and cutting, resistance welding, electron beam welding and cutting, laser and laser-arc hybrid welding and cutting, brazing, and friction welding. This document
applies to the operation, management, and supervision of the safe implementation of welding and cutting operations.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential provisions of this document through normative references. For dated references, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 2550 Rubber hoses for welding, cutting and similar operations with gas welding equipment
GB/T 3609.1 Occupational eye and face protection - Welding protection - Part 1: Welding protective gear
GB/T 3609.2 Occupational eye and face protection - Welding protection - Part 2: Auto-darkening welding filters
GB/T 7144 Color marking of gas cylinders
GB/T 7247.1 Safety of laser products - Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements
GB/T 7247.3 Safety of Laser Products Part 3: Guide to Laser Shows and Performances
GB/T 7247.4 Safety of Laser Products Part 4: Laser Protection Screens
GB/T 7247.14 Safety of Laser Products Part 14: User Guide
GB8965.2 Protective Clothing Welding Clothing
GB 15578 Safety Requirements for Resistance Welding Machines
GB/T 15579.1 Arc welding equipment Part 1: Welding power supply
GB/T 18490.1 Mechanical safety Laser processing machine Part 1: General safety requirements
GB/T 18490.2 Mechanical safety Laser processing machines Part 2: Safety requirements for handheld laser processing machines
GB/T 20262 Safety Specification for Gas Cylinder Pressure Reducers for Welding, Cutting and Similar Processes
GB/T 25295 Guidelines for Safety Design of Electrical Equipment
GB/T 29729 Basic Requirements for Hydrogen System Safety
GB 39800.1 Specification for personal protective equipment - Part 1: General
GB 30863 Personal protective equipment - Eye and face protection - Laser protective goggles
GB/T 40337 Air tightness of gas welding and related process equipment
GB/T 40371 Gas welding equipment - Materials for welding, cutting and related process equipment
GB/T 41861 Gas welding equipment - Hose assemblies for welding, cutting and related
process equipment
GB/T 43322 Gas welding equipment - Air torches
GB/T 43917.1 Welding fume capture and separation equipment - Part 1: General requirements
GBZ 2.2 Occupational exposure limits for hazardous factors in the workplace Part 2: Physical factors
GBZ/T229.4 Classification of occupational hazards in the workplace Part 4: Noise
3 Terms and Definitions
There are no terms or definitions that require definition in this document.
4 General
4.1 Equipment and Operation
4.1.1 Equipment conditions
All welding and cutting equipment in operation should be in normal working condition. If there are safety hazards (such as insufficient safety or reliability), they should be stopped from use and repaired by maintenance personnel.
4.1.2 Operation
All welding and cutting equipment should be used in accordance with the operating instructions or procedures provided by the manufacturer and should also comply with the requirements of this document.
4.1.3 Heavy mobile equipment with wheels
Heavy mobile equipment equipped with wheels should be positioned securely to avoid accidental movement during operation.
4.2 Liability
4.2.1 Safety Management System
The manager shall establish a controllable safety management system for the implementation of welding or cutting operations. The safety management system shall at least include the manager, Responsibilities of supervisors and operators for the safe implementation of welding and cutting operations, as well as management and supervision measures.
4.2.2 Managers
Managers should fulfill their responsibility to verify certificates and employ certified personnel to perform welding and cutting operations involving hot work. Managers should provide necessary safety training to personnel performing welding and cutting operations and supervisors, covering safe operation of equipment, safe execution of processes, and emergency response measures.
The manager has the responsibility to explain the possible hazards and consequences of welding and cutting in an appropriate manner (such as safety training, oral or written) Managers should clearly indicate areas where welding and cutting are permitted and establish necessary safety measures. They should clearly define the specific welding and cutting operating rules for each area and ensure that all personnel involved are aware of the hazards involved and understand the appropriate preventative measures.
The manager should ensure that the equipment, tools and appliances (such as welding and cutting equipment, regulators, pressure regulating valves, welding machines, welding tongs and personal protective equipment, etc.).
Managers should select subcontractors who can provide certified personnel and have the ability to safely perform welding and cutting operations, and report this to the subcontractor's management.
Describe flammable materials or hazardous conditions unique to the job site.
4.2.3 Supervisor
Supervisors (site management and safety supervisors) should be assigned to welding or cutting sites to ensure the safety of the equipment and the process.
4.2.4 Operator
The operator should have the basic conditions required for special operations personnel and be aware of the possible hazards and appropriate Procedures for controlling hazardous conditions. Operators must use equipment safely so that it does not pose a hazard to life or property. Electron beam welders must understand and master the safety requirements for working with vacuum systems. Workers performing hot work such as welding and cutting must hold a special operation qualification certificate for welding and thermal cutting or construction welders. Workers performing welding operations involving special equipment must hold a special equipment operator certificate and possess the appropriate hot work safety skills. Operators must perform welding or cutting operations only when the specified safety conditions are met and with the supervisor's permission. To prevent others from unknowingly coming into contact with high-temperature welded products, operators must display hot material warning signs.
5 Protection of working areas and personnel
5.1 Protection of the working area
