标准编号:	GB 7956.12-2015
中文名称:	消防车 第12部分：举高消防车
英文名称:	Fire fighting vehicles―Part 12:Aerial fire fighting vehicle
中标分类:	C84    消防设备与器材
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	13.220.10 13.220.10    灭火 13.220.10
发布机构:	中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局 中国国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2015-10-09
实施日期:	2016-1-1
标准状态:	现行
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	40000 字
翻译价格(元):	1190.00 元
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.



As for this part of GB 7956, Chapters 4 (except 4.4.2.3.4), 6 and Section 7.1 are mandatory, and the rest are recommendatory.



The GB 7956 Fire Fighting Vehicles consists of the following parts under the general title Fire Fighting Vehicles:



——Part 1: General Technical Specifications;



——Part 2: Water tank fire fighting vehicle



——Part 3: Foam fire fighting vehicle



——Part 4: Dry Powder Fire Fighting Vehicle



——Part 5: Gas Fire Fighting Vehicle



——Part 6: Compressed air foam system fire fighting vehicle



——Part 12: Aerial fire fighting vehicle



This part is Part 12 of GB 7956.



This part is drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.



This part was proposed by the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China.



This standard was prepared by SAC/TC 113/SC 4 Fire Fighting Vehicle and Pump Subcommittee of National Technical Committee on Fire Protection of Standardization Administration of China.







Fire Fighting Vehicles - Part 12: Aerial Fire Fighting Vehicle



1 Scope



This part of GB 7956 specifies terms and definitions, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules as well as marking, packaging, transport and storage of aerial fire fighting vehicle.



This part is applicable to various aerial fire fighting vehicles.



2 Normative References



The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

GB/T 3181 Colour Standard for Paint Film

GB 4351.1-2005 Portable Fire Extinguishers - Part 1: Performance and Construction

GB 6245 Fire Pumps

GB 7956.1-2014 Fire Fighting Vehicles - Part 1: General Technical Specifications

GB 15052-2010 Cranes - Safety Signs and Hazard Pictorials - General Principles

GB 19156 General Specifications for Fire Monitors

GB 19157 General Specification for Remote-controlled Fire Monitor Systems

GA 494-2004 Fire Service Fall Protection Equipment



3 Terms and Definitions



For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB 7956.1-2014 and the following apply. For the convenience of application, some terms and definitions specified in GB 7956.1-2014 are listed below.



3.1

aerial fire fighting vehicle

fire fighting vehicle mainly equipped with elevating boom, slewing mechanism, etc. and used for high-altitude fire fighting and rescue as well as goods, materials and fire fighter transmission. Generally, it is classified into platform fire fighting vehicle, aerial ladder fire fighting vehicle and water tower fire fighting vehicle



3.2

platform fire fighting vehicle

fire fighting vehicle mainly equipped with crank arm, straight-crank arm and rescue cage, and able to transmit fire fighter and fire extinguishing goods and materials to high altitude, rescue trapped person or spray fire extinguishing agent

[definition 3.2.1 in GB 7956.1-2014]



3.3

aerial ladder fire fighting vehicle

fire fighting vehicle mainly equipped with extension aerial ladder, able to transmit fire fighter and fire extinguishing goods and materials to high altitude, rescue trapped person or spray fire extinguishing agent

[definition 3.2.2 in GB 7956.1-2014]



3.4

water tower fire fighting vehicle

fire fighting vehicle mainly equipped with straight arm, crank arm, straight-crank arm and liquid feed pipe, with fire monitor or forcible entry device installed at top, able to spray fire extinguishing agent at high altitude or carry out forcible entry

[definition 3.2.3 in GB 7956.1-2014]



3.5

boom

ladder

foldable or retractable multi-level steel structure frame on aerial fire fighting vehicle, used for bearing rescue cage load, fire monitor spraying counterforce and forcible entry counterforce



3.6

Stabilizer

retractable steel structural member used for supporting aerial fire fighting vehicle



3.7

rescue cage

steel structural member composed of base plate and fence which is installed at boom (ladder) top of aerial fire fighting vehicle and used for bearing personnel or articles



3.8

sub-frame

the part connecting the chassis beam on the aerial fire fighting vehicle and used for bearing steel structure frame installed on the aerial fire fighting vehicle



3.9

turntable

platform on aerial fire fighting vehicle with one end equipped with boom (ladder) and the other end connected to sub-frame, which is capable of continuously revolving by 360°



3.10

safety operating range

moving region where boom (ladder) of aerial fire fighting vehicle may operate safely



3.11

leveling system

system on aerial fire fighting vehicle which is used for adjusting the levelness of turntable and rescue cage base plates so that it keeps parallel to the horizontal plane



3.12

maximum operating height

perpendicular distance from foot position of rescue cage to ground surface when the rescue cage of aerial fire fighting vehicle is under no-load condition and the boom (ladder) is at the maximum height; in case there is no rescue cage, the perpendicular distance from top to ground surface when the boom (ladder) is at the maximum operating height



3.13

maximum operating amplitude

horizontal projection distance from the farthest end of rescue cage to boom (ladder) turntable center when the rescue cage of aerial fire fighting vehicle is under no-load condition and the boom (ladder) is extended laterad to limit position; in case there is no rescue cage, horizontal projection distance from boom (ladder) top to turntable center



3.14

transverse/longitudinal span of stabilizer

when the stabilizer of aerial fire fighting vehicle extends outward to the limit position and is leveled, the center distance of the ground planes of the two stabilizers in the longitudinal axis direction is stabilizer longitudinal span and that in the direction perpendicular to longitudinal axis direction is stabilizer transverse span.



3.15

hydraulic system

system composed of hydraulic power element, actuator, hydraulic control element and hydraulic auxiliary device and controlling the operation of such components as boom (ladder), stabilizer of aerial fire fighting vehicle by making use of pressure energy of oil liquid and through accessories like control valve



3.16

electronic control system

system composed of switch, relay, proximity switch, displayer, control unit, alarm system, etc. and used for controlling operation of such components as boom (ladder) and stabilizer of aerial fire fighting vehicle



3.17

emergency operating device

device used for controlling the operation of stabilizer, boom (ladder) and rescue cage of aerial fire fighting vehicle in emergency state



3.18

lift

movable lifting platform installed on ladder of aerial ladder fire fighting vehicle and used for rapid transit between ladder top and ground surface.



3.19

forcible entry device

device installed on boom of aerial fire fighting vehicle and able to carry out forcible entry in allusion to building, etc.



4 Technical Requirements



4.1 Basic Requirements



Aerial fire fighting vehicle shall comply with the general technical requirements in GB 7956.1-2014 and the requirements of this part.



4.2 Complete Vehicle Requirements



4.2.1 General requirements



4.2.1.1 Volume of fuel tank of aerial fire fighting vehicle shall ensure that after running 100 km, the fire fighting vehicle is able to complete 50 operation cycles.



4.2.1.2 As for audible and visual alarm, the sound at the operating positions of turntable and rescue cage is not less than 90 dB(A), the light shall flicker and ensure it can be seen at operating positions of turntable and rescue cage.



4.2.1.3 The item controlled by aerial fire fighting vehicle at rescue cage operating platform shall be the same as that controlled at turntable operating platform, and the operating method and display mode shall also be consistent; while the operation at turntable shall have precedence over that at rescue cage.



4.2.1.4 Intercom system, which does not require hand-held operation, shall be arranged at turntable operating platform and in rescue cage of aerial fire fighting vehicle.



4.2.1.5 Connection and disconnection of hydraulic oil pump of aerial fire fighting vehicle shall be carried out in the cab of fire fighting vehicle; after connection of oil pump, there shall be light indication on operating platform of turntable; and it is the same with water pump connection.



4.2.1.6 Aerial fire fighting vehicle with the maximum operating height not less than 50m and equipped with firefighting sprayers shall be equipped with booster fire pump.



4.2.1.7 Firefighting gloves may be worn to operate stabilizer and boom (ladder) of aerial fire fighting vehicle.



4.2.1.8 As for aerial fire fighting vehicle, control of fire monitor, speed adjustment of fire pump and control of boom (ladder) shall be integrated in one place.



4.2.1.9 All components of aerial fire fighting vehicle shall not cover the front windshield glass.



4.2.1.10 As for the aerial fire fighting vehicle, the maximum operating height shall be greater than 15 m and the revolution angle of boom (ladder) shall be greater than 90°.



4.2.2 Operating instructions and mark



4.2.2.1 Detailed illustration or literal operating instructions and warning specifications shall be arranged at operating platform of stabilizer, rescue cage and turntable of aerial fire fighting vehicle visible for the operation personnel.



4.2.2.2 Operation and warning specifications for different operation places shall be distinguished by using fonts with different color or different size. Warning mark with the color meeting those specified in Clause 9 of GB 15052-2010 and font size legible and readable by operation personnel shall be arranged for operations possibly resulting in serious consequences. Corresponding warning specifications shall be arranged at retractable stabilizer outer end, cat ladder of lower- and upper-vehicles, fire monitor operation place, remote operation place and forced operation place.



4.2.3 Hydraulic system



4.2.3.1 Hydraulic oil tank volume of aerial fire fighting vehicle shall ensure the aerial fire fighting vehicle is able to continuously complete 50 operation cycles, and the temperature of hydraulic oil in the oil tank shall not be greater than 90℃. There shall be no boom (ladder) quiver, creeping or blocking due to overhigh oil temperature, and the hydraulic elements and components shall be free from oil leakage, oil penetration or damage.



4.2.3.2 There shall be indication of hydraulic system working pressure of boom (ladder) on the turntable operating platform; and there shall be indication of hydraulic system working pressure of stabilizer at the place for stabilizer operation.



4.2.3.3 Overflow valve shall be respectively arranged for hydraulic systems for stabilizer, boom (ladder), etc. of aerial fire fighting vehicle.



4.2.3.4 Nameplate indicating hydraulic oil model, operating temperature range, capacity, recommended replacement period and precautions for hydraulic oil replacement shall be arranged nearby the hydraulic oil tank of aerial fire fighting vehicle. Nameplate shall be arranged where is nearby hydraulic oil tank and convenient for reading. Device indicating liquid level and temperature of hydraulic oil in hydraulic oil tank shall be arranged. Replaceable air filter shall be arranged at hydraulic oil tank vent.



4.2.3.5 At least two replaceable hydraulic oil filters shall be arranged for hydraulic system of aerial fire fighting vehicle; the hydraulic oil flow of oil filter shall be able to meet the requirements of aerial fire fighting vehicle on hydraulic oil flow. Nameplate indicating oil filter model and recommended replacement period of oil filter shall be arranged at a visible place nearby the oil filter.



4.2.3.6 Turntable operating platform and rescue cage operating platform shall possess foot switch; when the foot switch is opened and, meanwhile, the hydraulic system operating valve is manipulated, the engine speed shall automatically response and be adjusted to be within the working speed range of hydraulic oil pump, and the hydraulic system shall act correspondingly. If the switch is not opened, the hydraulic system shall not response during hydraulic system operating valve manipulation. When fire pump and hydraulic pump are working simultaneously, the requirements of fire pump on rotation speed shall be met preferentially.



4.2.4 Safety requirements



4.2.4.1 Aerial fire fighting vehicle shall possess the function of interlocking of lower- and upper-vehicles; the boom (ladder) cannot move before the stabilizer is extended and leveled and supported reliably; before boom (ladder) retracts to the support bracket, the stabilizer of lower-vehicle cannot retract. Interlock function of lower- and upper-vehicles shall be realized automatically.



4.2.4.2 During moving process of boom (ladder), in case any stabilizer is not subjected to force, there shall be audible and visual alarm signal, and the boom (ladder) cannot continue moving in the hazardous direction but can move in safe direction.



4.2.4.3 In case the stabilizer of aerial fire fighting vehicle may stretch for working on single side, the boom (ladder) can only move on the side on which stabilizer stretches and the action on the other side shall be automatically prohibited. In case the stabilizers on both sides may partially stretch for working, the safety system shall automatically limit the actions of the boom (ladder) within safety range.



4.2.4.4 Add 1.1 times of rated load in rescue cage of aerial fire fighting vehicle; when the boom (ladder) acts within the safety operating range, one stabilizer is allowed to leave the ground with the distance away from ground less than 20mm. After the stabilizers bear load, the sum of residual loads of the two stabilizers shall not be less than 6% of the complete vehicle kerb mass, the water tower fire fighting vehicle shall be at the maximum operating height, and the fire monitor under the jetting condition with rated flow and pressure level shall comply with the above-mentioned requirements.



4.2.4.5 Aerial fire fighting vehicle shall level stabilizer or turntable with the regulation range not less than 5° and leveling accuracy error not exceeding ±1°. Automatic leveling shall be adopted for water tower fire fighting vehicle with rescue cage or with maximum operating height not less than 30 m.



4.2.4.6 In case of failure of hydraulic system or power unit after boom (ladder) is lifted, boom (ladder), stabilizer and lift shall be able to be latched and the falling distance of boom (ladder) or lift shall not exceed 300mm.



4.2.4.7 The safety coefficient for pulling the rigging like steel cable, chain, etc. of boom (ladder) shall not be less than 5, and that for other rigging shall not be less than 2.



4.2.4.8 Operating platform of aerial fire fighting vehicle shall not be equipped with device that directly adjust the parameters of hydraulic or electrical system. The places for parameter adjustment can only be opened with special tools and shall be with warning specifications whose color meets the requirements of Clause 9 in GB 15052-2010 and content contains the text "adjustment ought to be implemented by experienced personnel" with font size enabling operation personnel to read easily.



4.2.5 Special requirements



4.2.5.1 Platform fire fighting vehicle



4.2.5.1.1 For platform fire fighting vehicle with the maximum operating height not greater than 35 m, the duration for its boom lifting from driving position to the maximum operating height and rotating by 90° shall be less than 150s. For platform fire fighting vehicle with the maximum operating height greater than 35 m but not greater than 70 m, such duration shall increase by 40 s for each 10 m of the part exceeding 35 m. For platform fire fighting vehicle with the maximum operating height greater than 70 m, such duration shall increase by 100 s for each 10 m of the part exceeding 70 m, in case the length of the part exceeding 70m is less than 10m, the value of such length shall be rounded off.



4.2.5.1.2 The duration for stabilizer extending, supporting and being leveled shall not be greater than 50 s.



4.2.5.1.3 The area of rescue cage of platform fire fighting vehicle shall be greater than 1.5m2.



4.2.5.1.4 As for platform fire fighting vehicle with the rescue cage monitor not spraying water, the rated load of its rescue cage shall not be less than 270kg.



4.2.5.1.5 If lateral cat ladder is arranged for platform fire fighting vehicle, auxiliary ladder able of ensuring the personnel arrive at ground surface safely shall be arranged; there shall be transitive ladder section connecting rescue cage on the top of crawling ladder.



4.2.5.1.6 If lateral cat ladder is arranged for platform fire fighting vehicle, lighting device shall be arranged for it; the maximum load bearing capacity (number of people) of cat ladder shall be indicated at the turntable operation place; the crawling ladder strength shall be able to ensure it is free from permanent deformation or damage when it bears the maximum load (the maximum quantity of people).As for the ladder step, the length shall be greater than 400mm, the spacing shall be less than 350 mm, and the surface shall be antiskid with the anti-skid surface length greater than 60% the length of the ladder step. There shall be handrail on the side of cat ladder far away from the boom, and the handrail shall be higher than the ladder step by more than 300mm.



4.2.5.1.7 As for platform fire fighting vehicle equipped with fire monitor, its stability shall comply with the requirements of 4.2.4.4 and all its boom shall be extended to the working limit positions with an angle of 45°. If all booms cannot be extended to the working limit positions due to structure, the last section of boom shall be extended to the working limit position with an angle of 45°, and the inextensible boom shall be extended to the working limit position with the maximum angle formed with horizontal plane. Load the rescue cage according to the specified load during spraying, meanwhile, let the fire monitor spray at rated flow within the working range, and the stability of platform fire fighting vehicle shall also meet the requirements of 4.2.4.4.



4.2.5.1.8 As for fire monitor installed on the platform fire fighting vehicle, the depression angle and elevation angle for it winding the horizontal line as well as the left swing angle and right swing angle for it winding the boom parallel line shall be greater than 45°.



4.2.5.1.9 As for fire monitor arranged for platform fire fighting vehicle, the flow rate shall not be less than 30 L/s and the spray range shall not be less than 40 m; valve and pressure gauge shall be arranged at the inlet of the fire monitor; the duration from opening the valve to the maximum opening shall be greater than 5s.



4.2.5.2 Aerial ladder fire fighting vehicle



4.2.5.2.1 For aerial ladder fire fighting vehicle with the maximum operating height not greater than 40 m, the duration for ladder lifting from driving position to the maximum operating height and rotating by 90° shall be less than 120s. For aerial ladder fire fighting vehicle with the maximum operating height greater than 40 m, such duration shall increase by 30 s for each 10 m of the part exceeding 40 m, in case the length of the part exceeding 40m is less than 10m, the value of such length shall be rounded off.



4.2.5.2.2 The duration for stabilizer extending, supporting and being leveled shall not be greater than 40 s.



4.2.5.2.3 As for aerial ladder fire fighting vehicle, the area of its rescue cage shall be greater than 1.0m2 and that of its lift shall be greater than 0.8m2.



4.2.5.2.4 As for aerial ladder fire fighting vehicle with the rescue cage monitor not spraying water, the rated load of its rescue cage shall not be less than 180kg.



4.2.5.2.5 As for aerial ladder fire fighting vehicle, auxiliary ladder, which may directly arrive the ground surface when unfolded, shall be arranged at the lower end of its ladder.



4.2.5.2.6 Lighting device shall be arranged for the ladder of aerial ladder fire fighting vehicle; the maximum load bearing capacity (number of people) of ladder shall be indicated at the turntable operation place; the ladder strength shall be able to ensure it is free from permanent deformation or damage when it bears the maximum load (the maximum quantity of people). As for the ladder step, the length shall be greater than 450mm, the spacing shall be less than 350 mm, and the surface shall be antiskid with the anti-skid surface length greater than 60% the length of the ladder step. There shall be handrail on both sides of ladder, and the handrail shall be higher than the ladder step by more than 300mm.



4.2.5.2.7 If ladder step is round, the diameter of ladder step including anti-skidding layer shall be greater than 32 mm.



4.2.5.2.8 If ladder step is of other shape, the sectional area of ladder step shall not be less than 775 mm2; as for the section including anti-skidding layer, the length of long side is not greater than 80 mm and that of the short side is not less than 19 mm.



4.2.5.2.9 The ladder step installed on ladder of aerial ladder fire fighting vehicle shall be able to withstand a force of 2,300N without fracture or obvious permanent deformation.



4.2.5.2.10 Ladder of aerial ladder fire fighting vehicle shall possess driving locking device which shall ensure the ladder will not stretch when the aerial ladder fire fighting vehicle imminently brakes at 30 km/h and shall be without additional switch.



4.2.5.2.11 As for aerial ladder fire fighting vehicle equipped with manned rescue cage and fire monitor, its stability shall comply with the requirements of 4.2.4.4, the ladder shall be extended to working limit position with an angle of 45°; load the rescue cage according to the specified load during spraying, meanwhile, let the fire monitor spray at rated flow within the working range; the stability of aerial ladder fire fighting vehicle shall also meet the requirements of 4.2.4.4.



4.2.5.2.12 Fire monitor installed at ladder top shall not influence the motion of ladder or hinder the personnel approaching the ladder top according to operation specifications. The depression angle and elevation angle for fire monitor winding the horizontal line shall be greater than 60° and the left swing angle and right swing angle for it winding the ladder parallel line shall be greater than 45°.



4.2.5.2.13 As for fire monitor arranged for aerial ladder fire fighting vehicle, the flow shall not be less than 30 L/s and the spray range shall not be less than 40 m; valve and pressure gauge shall be arranged at the inlet of the fire monitor; the duration from opening the valve to the maximum opening shall be greater than 5s.



4.2.5.3 Water tower fire fighting vehicle



4.2.5.3.1 For water tower fire fighting vehicle with the maximum operating height not greater than 35 m, the duration for its boom lifting from driving position to the maximum operating height and rotating by 90° shall be less than 150s. For water tower fire fighting vehicle with the maximum operating height greater than 35 m, such duration shall increase by 40 s for each 10 m of the part exceeding 35m, in case the length of the part exceeding 35m is less than 10m, the value of such length shall be rounded off.



4.2.5.3.2 The duration for stabilizer extending, supporting and being leveled shall be less than 40 s.



4.2.5.3.3 As for water tower fire fighting vehicle, searchlight with yellow light and with the lighting direction same as that of the monitor spraying direction shall be installed on the monitor. If water tower fire fighting vehicle is equipped with camera head, the camera range of camera head shall not be less than the spray range of the fire monitor, and there shall be displayer on the operating platform to display the recorded video.



4.2.5.3.4 When the fire monitor of water tower fire fighting vehicle sprays at maximum operating height, rated working pressure and rated working flow, the boom of water tower fire fighting vehicle with the maximum operating height not greater than 30m shall be able to rotate and vary amplitude.



4.2.5.3.5 Water supply pipeline of water tower fire fighting vehicle shall possess external water supply interface whose quantity shall ensure the spray flow and pressure of boom fire monitor.



4.2.5.3.6 As for fire monitor of water tower fire fighting vehicle, the elevation angle and the depression angle for it winding horizontal line shall be greater than 30° and less than -60 ° respectively, and its spraying pattern, luffing and level rotation shall not be adjusted manually.



4.2.5.3.7 As for fire monitor arranged for water tower fire fighting vehicle, its flow shall not be less than 50 L/s and its spray range shall not be less than 60m; outlet valve shall be installed at junction of water outlet of fire pump of water tower fire fighting vehicle and boom outlet pipeline; the duration for opening the outlet valve to its maximum opening shall be greater than 5 s.



4.2.5.3.8 As for water tower fire fighting vehicle with forcible entry device and with the maximum operating height not greater than 20 m, the duration for its boom returning to forcible entry device storage tank from maximum operating height and then lifting to the maximum operating height after replacing the forcible entry device shall not be greater than 300s. For water tower fire fighting vehicle with forcible entry device and with the maximum operating height greater than 20 m, such duration shall increase by 40 s for each 10 m of the part exceeding 20m, in case the length of the part exceeding 20m is less than 10m, the value of such length shall be rounded off.



4.2.5.3.9 As for water tower fire fighting vehicle with forcible entry device, its forcible entry device shall be automatically positioned and replaced and manually fixed.



4.2.5.3.10 As for water tower fire fighting vehicle with forcible entry device, it shall be ensured that the forcible entry device is firmly installed during vehicle driving, otherwise, the forcible entry device shall be placed in the storage tank before driving vehicle.



4.2.5.3.11 If water tower fire fighting vehicle is equipped with forcible entry device, boom shall be strong enough so that it is free from permanent deformation or structural damage or will not result in vehicle rollover when the forcible entry device works at the maximum operating height and the maximum forcible entry force.



4.3 Chassis Remanufacture Requirements



4.3.1 Chassis remanufacture of aerial fire fighting vehicle shall comply with the requirements of 5.4 in GB 7956.1-2014.



4.3.2 If chassis tyres serve as supporting points during aerial fire fighting vehicle work, the suspension system of chassis shall be locked when the transverse stabilizer is extended.

Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Technical Requirements
4.1 Basic Requirements
4.2 Complete Vehicle Requirements
4.3 Chassis Remanufacture Requirements
4.4 Special Device Requirements
4.5 Fire-fighting hydrosystem
4.6 Instrument and Apparatus
4.7 Arrangement, Fixation and Configuration of Apparatus
4.8 Alarm Lights
4.9 Documents, Tools and Vulnerable Parts along with the Vehicle
5 Test Method
5.1 Tests with Basic Requirements
5.2 Tests for the Complete Vehicle
5.3 Chassis Remanufacture Test
5.4 Tests for Special Devices
5.5 Tests for Fire Fighting Hydrosystem
5.6 Tests for Apparatus and Instruments
5.7 Tests for Arrangement and Fixation of the Equipment
5.8 Tests for Warning Lights
5.9 Inspection on the Documents, Tools and Vulnerable Parts along with the Vehicle
6 Inspection Rules
6.1 Inspection Classification
6.2 Judgement Rules
7 Marking, Packaging, Transport and Storage
7.1 Marking
7.2 Packaging
7.3 Transport
7.4 Storage

ICS 13.220.10
C 84
中华人民共和国国家标准
GB 7956.12—2015
消防车 第12部分：举高消防车
Fire fighting vehicles—Part 12：Aerial fire fighting vehicle
2015-10-09发布 2016-01-01实施
中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局
中国国家标准化管理委员会
发布
前言
GB 7956的本部分的第4章(4.4.2.3.4除外)、第6章和7.1为强制性的，其余为推荐性的。
GB 7956《消防车》分为以下部分：
——第1部分：通用技术条件；
——第2部分：水罐消防车；
——第3部分：泡沫消防车；
——第4部分：干粉消防车；
——第5部分：气体消防车；
——第6部分：压缩空气泡沫消防车；
——第12部分：举高消防车；
本部分为GB 7956的第12部分。
本部分按照GB/T 1.1—2009给出的规则起草。
本部分由中华人民共和国公安部提出。
本部分由全国消防标准化技术委员会消防车泵分技术委员会(SAC/TC 113/SC 4)归口。
本部分起草单位：公安部上海消防研究所。
本部分主要起草人：万明、戎军、田永祥、张杰、陈相奇、刘召华、王长伟、王怡。
消防车 第12部分：举高消防车
1 范围
GB 7956的本部分规定了举高消防车的术语和定义、技术要求、试验方法、检验规则及标志、包装、运输和贮存。
本部分适用于各类举高消防车。
2规范性引用文件
下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
GB/T 3181漆膜颜色标准
GB 4351.1—2005手提式灭火器 第1部分：性能和结构要求
GB 6245消防泵
GB 7956.1—2014消防车 第1部分：通用技术条件
GB 15052—2010起重机 安全标志和危险图形符号 总则
GB 19156消防炮通用技术条件
GB 19157远控消防炮系统通用技术条件
GA 494—2004消防用防坠落装备
3术语和定义
GB 7956.1—2014界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。为了便于使用，以下重复列出了GB 7956.1—2014中的某些术语和定义。
3.1
举高消防车aerial fire fighting vehicle
主要装备举高臂架(梯架)、回转机构等部件，用于高空灭火救援、输送物资及消防员的消防车。一般分为登高平台消防车、云梯消防车、举高喷射消防车。
3.2
登高平台消防车platform fire fighting vehicle
主要装备曲臂、直曲臂和工作斗，可向高空输送消防人员、灭火物资、救援被困人员或喷射灭火剂的消防车。
[GB 7956.1—2014，定义3.2.1]
3.3
云梯消防车aerial ladder fire fighting vehicle
主要装备伸缩云梯，可向高空输送消防人员、灭火物资、救援被困人员或喷射灭火剂的消防车。
[GB 7956.1—2014，定义3.2.2]
3.4
举高喷射消防车water tower fire fighting vehicle
主要装备直臂、曲臂、直曲臂及供液管路，顶端安装消防炮或破拆装置、可高空喷射灭火剂或实施破拆的消防车。
[GB 7956.1—2014，定义3.2.3]
3.5
臂架boom
梯架ladder
举高消防车上可折叠或伸缩的多级钢结构架，用于承载工作斗载荷、消防炮喷射反力和破拆反力。
3.6
支腿stabilizer
可伸缩用于支撑举高消防车的钢结构件。
3.7
工作斗rescue cage
安装在举高消防车臂架(梯架)顶端用于承载人员或物品，由底板和围栏组成的钢结构件。
3.8
副车架 sub-frame
举高消防车上与底盘大梁连接，用于承载举高车上装的钢结构架。
3.9
回转平台turntable
举高消防车上一端安装臂架(梯架)，另一端与副车架连接，可连续360°回转的平台。
3.10
安全工作范围safety operating range
举高消防车臂架(梯架)可安全工作的运动区域。
3.11
调平系统leveling system
举高消防车上用于调整回转平台和工作斗底板水平度，使其始终与水平面保持平行的系统。
3.12
最大工作高度maximum operating height
举高消防车工作斗空载状态臂架(梯架)举升到最大高度时，工作斗站立面到地面的垂直距离；没有工作斗的，为臂架(梯架)举升到最大工作高度时顶端到地面的垂直距离。
3.13
最大工作幅度maximum operating amplitude
举高消防车工作斗空载状态向侧面伸展臂架(梯架)至极限位置时，工作斗最远端至臂架(梯架)回转平台中心的水平投影距离；没有工作斗的，为臂架(梯架)顶端至回转平台中心的水平投影距离。
3.14
支腿横、纵向跨距transverse/longitudinal span of stabilizer
举高消防车支腿向外伸展至最大并调平时，沿纵轴线方向两支腿接地面中心距为支腿纵向跨距，沿纵轴线垂直方向两支腿接地面中心距为支腿横向跨距。
3.15
液压系统hydraulic system
由液压动力元件、执行元件、液压控制元件和液压辅助装置等组成，利用油液的压力能并通过控制阀门等附件操纵举高消防车臂架(梯架)、支腿等部件动作的系统。
3.16
电控系统electronic control system
由开关、继电器、接近开关、显示器、控制单元、报警系统等组成，用于控制举高消防车臂架(梯架)、支腿等部件动作的系统。
3.17
应急操作装置emergency operating device
应急状态下用于控制举高消防车支腿、臂架(梯架)和工作斗动作的装置。
3.18
滑车lift
安装在云梯消防车梯架上的移动式升降平台，用于梯架顶端和地面之间的快速运输。
3.19
破拆装置forcible entry device
安装在举高消防车臂架上，可对建筑物等进行破拆的装置。
4技术要求
4.1基本要求
举高消防车(以下简称举高车)除应符合GB 7956.1—2014的通用技术要求外，还应符合本部分的要求。
4.2整车要求
4.2.1一般要求
4.2.1.1举高车燃油箱容积应保证消防车行驶100 km后可以完成50次工作循环。
4.2.1.2声光报警的声音在回转平台和工作斗操作位置不小于90 dB(A)，光应闪烁，并保证在回转平台和工作斗操作位置能够看到。
4.2.1.3举高车在工作斗操作台控制的项目应与回转平台操作台处的控制项目相同，操作方法和显示模式也应一致。但回转平台处的操作应优先于工作斗中的操作。
4.2.1.4举高车应在回转平台操作台及工作斗内设置对讲系统，该对讲系统不应需要手持操作。
4.2.1.5举高车液压油泵的接合和分离操作应在消防车驾驶室内进行。油泵接合后应在回转平台操作台上有灯光指示，水泵接合后回转平台操作台也应有灯光指示。
4.2.1.6最大工作高度不小于50 m并安装消防喷射装置的举高车应安装增压消防泵。
4.2.1.7举高车的支腿和臂架(梯架)操作均可佩戴消防手套进行。
4.2.1.8举高车应将消防炮的控制、消防泵的转速调节和臂架(梯架)的控制集成至一处。
4.2.1.9举高车所有部件不应遮挡前风窗玻璃。
4.2.1.10举高车最大工作高度应大于15 m，臂架(梯架)回转角度应大于90°。
4.2.2操作说明和标识
4.2.2.1举高车应在支腿操作台、工作斗操作台及回转平台操作台操作人员可见处设有详细的图示或文字的操作说明及警示说明。
4.2.2.2各操作处的操作和警示说明应使用不同的颜色或不同大小的字体加以区分。对于可能引起严重后果的操作应有警示标识，警示标识的颜色应符合GB 15052—2010第9章的要求，字体大小应使操作人员清晰阅读。在伸缩支腿外端，上、下车爬梯处，消防炮操作处，遥控操作处及强制操作处均应有相应的警示说明。
4.2.3液压系统
4.2.3.1举高车液压油箱容积应保证举高车连续50次工作循环，油箱内液压油温度不应大于90℃。不应因油温过高而出现臂架(梯架)颤抖、爬行、发卡，液压元器件不应有漏油、渗油、机件损坏现象。
4.2.3.2 回转平台操作台上应有指示臂架(梯架)液压系统工作压力的压力显示。支腿操作处应有指示支腿液压系统工作压力的压力显示。
4.2.3.3举高车的支腿、臂架(梯架)等液压系统应分别设置溢流阀。
4.2.3.4举高车的液压油箱附近应有告知用户所用液压油型号、使用温度范围、容量、推荐更换周期及更换液压油时应注意事项的标牌。标牌应放在液压油箱附近便于阅读处。液压油箱应安装指示箱内液压油液位和温度的装置。液压油箱的呼吸口应装有可更换的空气滤清器。
4.2.3.5举高车的液压系统应至少设置二道可更换式液压油滤油器，通过滤油器的液压油流量应能满足举高车对液压油流量的需要。滤油器附近可见处应有标牌说明滤油器的型号和滤油器的推荐更换周期。
4.2.3.6 回转平台操作台和工作斗操作台应有脚踏开关，当踏下开关，同时操纵液压系统操作阀时，发动机转速应自动响应并调整到液压油泵的工作转速范围内，液压系统做相应动作。当未踏下开关，操纵液压系统操作阀时，液压系统不应响应。当消防泵和液压泵同时工作时，优先满足消防泵对转速的需要。
4.2.4安全要求
4.2.4.1举高车应有上、下车互锁功能，当支腿展开调平并支撑可靠之前，臂架(梯架)不能运动，臂架(梯架)未收回到支撑托架之前，下车支腿不能收回。上、下车互锁功能应自动实现。
4.2.4.2臂架(梯架)在运动过程中，当任一支腿出现不受力情况，应有声光报警信号，并且臂架(梯架)不能继续向危险方向运动，但可以向安全方向运动。
4.2.4.3举高车支腿可单侧外伸作业时，臂架(梯架)只能在支腿外伸一侧运动，而向另一侧的动作应自动禁止。当两侧支腿可部分伸出作业时，安全系统应自动将臂架(梯架)的动作限制在安全范围内。
4.2.4.4向举高车工作斗内加上1.1倍额定负载，当臂架(梯架)在安全工作范围内动作时，允许一个支腿离开地面，离地高度应小于20 mm，受载后减小负载的二支腿剩余载荷之和不小于整车整备质量的6％，举高喷射消防车应在最大工作高度，消防炮以额定流量和压力水平喷射条件下符合以上要求。
4.2.4.5举高车应有支腿调平或回转平台调平的能力，调节范围不应小于5°。调平精度误差不应超过±1°。带工作斗或最大工作高度不小于30 m的举高喷射消防车应采用自动调平。
4.2.4.6 当臂架(梯架)举升后液压系统或动力装置发生故障，臂架(梯架)、支腿和滑车应能锁止，臂架(梯架)、滑车的下降不能超过300 mm。
4.2.4.7拉动臂架(梯架)的钢缆、链条等索具的安全系数不小于5。其他索具的安全系数不小于2。
4.2.4.8举高车操作台上不应装有可直接调整液压或电气系统参数的装置。这些参数的调整处应采用特殊工具方能打开并在调整操作处应有警示说明，警示说明的颜色应符合GB 15052—2010第9章的要求，内容包含“调整应由有经验的人员实施”字样，字体大小应使操作人员清晰阅读。
4.2.5 特殊要求
4.2.5.1登高平台消防车
4.2.5.1.1 最大工作高度不大于35 m的登高平台消防车臂架从行驶位置举升到最大工作高度并回转90°的时间应小于150 s。最大工作高度大于35 m并不大于70 m的登高平台消防车，超过35 m部分每增加10 m，时间增加40 s。最大工作高度大于70 m的登高平台消防车，超过70 m部分每增加10 m，时间增加100 s，不足10 m部分按照四舍五入计算。
4.2.5.1.2支腿伸展、支撑并调平的时间不应大于50 s。
4.2.5.1.3登高平台消防车的工作斗面积应大于1.5 m2。
4.2.5.1.4登高平台消防车在工作斗炮不喷水时的工作斗额定负载不应小于270 kg。
4.2.5.1.5登高平台消防车设置侧向爬梯时，应设置辅助梯，辅助梯应能保证人员安全到达地面。爬梯顶端应有连接工作斗的过渡梯节。
4.2.5.1.6登高平台消防车设置侧向爬梯时，爬梯应设置照明装置，爬梯最大承载的人数应在回转平台操作处标示，爬梯的强度应能保证其承载最大人数时无永久变形及破坏现象。梯蹬长度应大于400 mm，梯蹬的间距应小于350 mm，梯蹬表面应有防滑措施并且防滑面长度应大于该梯蹬长度的60％。爬梯远离臂架的一侧应有扶手，扶手高出梯蹬的距离应大于300 mm。
4.2.5.1.7登高平台消防车装有消防炮，则其稳定性除应符合4.2.4.4的要求外，还应将全部臂架以45°伸展至工作极限位置，如因结构原因不能将全部臂架以45。伸展至工作极限位置，应将末节臂架以45°伸展至工作极限位置，不能伸展的臂架以与水平面最大角度伸展至工作极限位置，工作斗内按喷射时的规定载荷加载，同时消防炮在工作范围内以额定流量喷射，登高平台消防车稳定性也应符合4.2.4.4的要求。
4.2.5.1.8安装在登高平台消防车上的消防炮绕水平线的俯角、仰角和绕臂架平行线的左摆角和右摆角均应大于45°。
4.2.5.1.9登高平台消防车配置的消防炮流量不应小于30 L/s，射程不应小于40 m，消防炮的进口应设置阀门和压力表，阀门从开启至最大开度的时间应大于5 s。
4.2.5.2云梯消防车
4.2.5.2.1 最大工作高度不大于40 m的云梯消防车梯架从行驶位置举升到最大工作高度并回转90°的时间应小于120 s。最大工作高度大于40 m的云梯消防车，超过40 m的部分每增加10 m，时间增加30 s，不足10 m部分按照四舍五入计算。
4.2.5.2.2支腿伸展、支撑并调平的时间不应大于40 s。
4.2.5.2.3云梯消防车工作斗的面积应大于1.0 m2，滑车的面积应大于0.8 m2。
4.2.5.2.4云梯消防车在工作斗炮不喷水时的工作斗额定负载不应小于180 kg。
4.2.5.2.5云梯消防车应在其梯架下端设置辅助梯，辅助梯打开后可直接到达地面。
4.2.5.2.6云梯消防车的梯架应设置照明装置，梯架的最大承载人数应在回转平台操作处标示，梯架的强度应能保证其承载最大人数时无永久变形及破坏现象。梯蹬长度应大于450 mm，梯蹬的间距应小于350 mm，梯蹬表面应有防滑措施并且防滑面长度应大于该蹬档长度的60％。梯架的两侧均应有扶手，扶手高出梯蹬的距离应大于300 mm。
4.2.5.2.7如梯蹬采用圆形形状，则梯蹬包括防滑层的直径应大于32 mm。
4.2.5.2.8如梯蹬采用其他形状，则梯蹬的截面积不应小于775 mm2，包括防滑层的梯蹬截面长边不大于80 mm，短边不小于19 mm。
4.2.5.2.9装在云梯消防车梯架上的梯蹬应能承受2 300 N的力不断裂，不产生明显的永久变形。
4.2.5.2.10云梯消防车的梯架应有行车锁止装置，锁止装置应保证云梯消防车在30 km/h速度下紧急制动梯架不会伸出，锁止装置应无附加开关。
4.2.5.2.11云梯消防车装有载人工作斗和消防炮，则其稳定性除应符合4.2.4.4的要求外，还应将梯架以45。伸展至工作极限位置，工作斗内按喷射时的规定载荷加载，同时消防炮在工作范围内以额定流量喷射，云梯消防车稳定性也应符合4.2.4.4的要求。
4.2.5.2.12安装在梯顶的消防炮不应对梯架的运动产生影响，不应对按操作规程接近梯顶的人员产生障碍。消防炮绕水平线的俯角和仰角应大于60°，绕梯架平行线的左摆角和右摆角应大于45°。
4.2.5.2.13云梯消防车配置的消防炮流量不应小于30 L/s，射程不应小于40 m，消防炮的进口应设置阀门和压力表，阀门从开启至最大开度的时间应大于5 s。
4.2.5.3举高喷射消防车
4.2.5.3.1 最大工作高度不大于35 m的举高喷射消防车臂架从行驶位置举升到最大工作高度并回转90°的时间应小于150 s。最大工作高度大于35 m的举高喷射消防车，超过35 m部分每增加10 m，时间增加40 s，不足10 m部分按照四舍五入计算。
4.2.5.3.2支腿伸展、支撑并调平的时间应小于40 s。
4.2.5.3.3举高喷射消防车应在炮身上安装探照灯，探照灯的光色应是黄色，探照灯照射方向与炮喷射方向相同。如举高喷射消防车装有摄像装置，则摄像装置的摄像范围不小于消防炮的喷射范围，所摄影像在操作台上应有显示器显示。
4.2.5.3.4举高喷射消防车的消防炮在最大工作高度以额定工作压力和额定工作流量喷射时，最大工作高度不大于30 m的举高喷射消防车臂架应能回转和变幅。
4.2.5.3.5举高喷射消防车供水管路应有外供水接口。外供水接口的数量应保证臂架消防炮的喷射流量和压力。
4.2.5.3.6举高喷射消防车消防炮绕水平线的仰角应大于30°，俯角应小于-60°，举高喷射消防车的消防炮喷射形态、俯仰、水平回转的调整不应采用手动方式。
4.2.5.3.7举高喷射消防车配置的消防炮流量不应小于50 L/s，射程不应小于60 m。举高喷射消防车消防泵出水口与臂架出水管路联接处应安装出水阀，出水阀从开启至最大开度的时间应大于5 s。
4.2.5.3.8 最大工作高度不大于20 m的带破拆装置的举高喷射消防车臂架从最大工作高度返回破拆装置储存箱，更换破拆装置后再举升到最大工作高度的时间不应大于300 S。最大工作高度大于20 m的带破拆装置的举高喷射消防车，超过20 m部分每增加10 m，时间增加40 s，不足10 m部分按照四舍五入计算。
4.2.5.3.9带破拆装置的举高喷射消防车的破拆装置应自动定位、更换，人工辅助固定。
4.2.5.3.10带破拆装置的举高喷射消防车应确保破拆装置在车辆行驶时安装牢固，否则应将破拆装置放回储存箱后方能行驶。
4.2.5.3.1 1举高喷射消防车如安装破拆器，臂架的强度应保证破拆器在最大工作高度以最大破拆力工作时，臂架不应产生永久变形或结构破坏，不应造成车辆倾翻。
4.3底盘改制要求
4.3.1 举高车的底盘改制应符合GB 7956.1—2014中5.4的要求。
4.3.2举高车工作如底盘轮胎作为支点时，则在横向支腿伸展时应对底盘的悬架系统进行锁定。
4.4专用装置要求
4.4.1 支腿
4.4.1.1举高车应至少有4条支腿。
4.4.1.2举高车支腿调平采用自动调平时，应有应急手动词平机构。
4.4.1.3举高车在行驶状态，其支腿除警示标志灯外所有部分不应超出举高车最宽处。
4.4.1.4支腿操作人员在操作位置应可观察支腿的运动状况。
4.4.1.5当支腿运动时，应有不小于90 dB(A)的报警声至完成调平止。
4.4.1.6支腿操作处应有紧急停止支腿运动的按钮，按下按钮，支腿的所有运动应立即停止。
4.4.1.7支腿操作处操作说明应包含以下内容：
——支腿支撑处应选择在坚硬地面且地面承载能力满足支撑要求；
——伸展支腿前应确认支腿伸展范围内没有障碍物；
——伸展支腿前应检查支承垫板已垫好等内容。
4.4.1.8支腿油缸应有液压锁止机构，锁止机构应保证1 h的油缸回缩量不大于5 mm。
4.4.1.9举高车的支腿应能够连续展开并支承整车至调平状态100次，试验中不应出现漏油、结构件变形及运动卡滞等现象。
4.4.1.10承载横向和纵向支腿油缸的钢结构件焊缝及与副梁联接处焊缝应进行无损探伤。
4.4.1.1 1举高车应在支腿的外侧设置黄色警示标志灯，当支腿展开时黄色警示标志灯自动点亮并闪烁。黄色警示标志灯的亮度应保证白天在10 m外清晰可见，闪烁频率不应小于1次/s。支腿伸出举高车外的部分应使用反光漆漆成红自相间的条状。
4.4.1.12举高车应配置与支腿数量相等的支承垫板，支承垫板的面积应保证支撑面所受的压强不大于800 kPa。最大工作高度不大于60 m的举高车每块支承垫板的质量不应大于15 kg，最大工作高度大于60 m的举高车每块支撑垫板的质量不应大于25 kg，支承垫板的强度应保证能支撑整个车辆而不破坏或明显变形。
4.4.1.13举高车调平后在调平操作处应有灯光指示。应在调平操作处安装沿车身纵、横两个方向的水平仪或能显示两个方向水平状态的设备。
4.4.2臂架(梯架)
4.4.2.1一般要求
4.4.2.1.1举高车臂架(梯架)应安装在回转平台上。
4.4.2.1.2举高车在行驶状态下，臂架(梯架)应放置在固定的托架上。
4.4.2.1.3举高车外部标识除应符合GB 7956.1—2014的5.2外，还应在臂架(梯架)上涂刷强制性认证标识、企业标识、车辆名称和型号，涂刷的长度不应小于臂架(梯架)行驶状态长度的1/4。
4.4.2.1.4举高车臂架(梯架)应涂刷符合GB/T 3181规定的Y11乳白色，臂架(梯架)上涂刷的标识除企业标识外应使用符合GB/T 3181规定的R03大红色。
4.4.2.1.5臂架(梯架)的托架应有照度不小于10 lx的照明，照明灯的开关在回转平台操作台上控制。
4.4.2.2臂架(梯架)标牌
臂架(梯架)靠近回转平台操作台附近，操作人员可见处应永久固定一标牌，标牌上应至少有以下内容：
——臂架(梯架)制造商；
——臂架(梯架)型号；
——臂架(梯架)生产序列号；
——臂架(梯架)生产日期；
——臂架(梯架)额定载荷。
4.4.2.3臂架(梯架)操作要求
4.4.2.3.1举高车配备可破拆混凝土建筑物的破拆装置，臂架(梯架)操作可采用无线遥控方式，其余举高车不应采用无线遥控方式。
4.4.2.3.2带有载入工作斗的举高车臂架(梯架)运动时，应在操作人员可见处实时显示臂架(梯架)运动轨迹、伸展高度、工作幅度、变幅角度和安全工作范围。
4.4.2.3.3 回转平台操作台上应设置紧急状态下停止臂架(梯架)动作的紧急停止按钮。
4.4.2.3.4举高车臂架(梯架)操纵手柄前、后、左、右位置应手感明显，操纵手柄应能自动回位。当采用电控阀时，每个操纵手柄可集成两种操作，左侧操纵手柄控制臂架(梯架)的伸展、回缩，右侧操纵手柄控制臂架(梯架)的回转和主臂的俯仰，当采用液压手控阀时，左侧阀控制臂架(梯架)的伸展和回缩，中间阀控臂架(梯架)的回转，右侧阀控制主臂的俯仰。电控阀操纵杆宜采用以下操作方向：
——向后拉手柄，臂架(梯架)上仰或回缩；
——向前推手柄，臂架(梯架)下俯或伸展；
——向左推手柄，臂架(梯架)逆时针回转；
——向右推手柄，臂架(梯架)顺时针回转。
4.4.2.4臂架(梯架)安全要求
4.4.2.4.1举高车臂架(梯架)启动时，安全系统应自动工作。
4.4.2.4.2臂架(梯架)应运动平稳，不应有爬行、颤抖、晃动等现象。臂架(梯架)的启动和停止不应造成车辆明显摇晃。
4.4.2.4.3举高车臂架(梯架)应在安全工作范围内动作，当接近安全工作范围的边缘或臂架(梯架)运动的极限位置时，臂架(梯架)的动作应减速，当达到安全工作范围极限时，臂架(梯架)应自动停止向危险方向动作并有声光报警，报警声不应小于90 dB(A)，臂架(梯架)停止运动后不应再向危险方向动作，不通过操作任何附加开关臂架(梯架)可向安全方向动作。
4.4.2.4.4有工作斗的举高车臂架(梯架)的强度应保证承受工作斗1.5倍额定载荷不发生永久变形和结构破坏。
4.4.2.4.5臂架(梯架)的1 h回缩量应小于最大工作高度的0.2％。
4.4.2.4.6臂架(梯架)的强度设计计算时应至少包含如下作用载荷：
——风力载荷；
——臂架(梯架)的自重载荷；
——臂架(梯架)运动产生的惯性力载荷；
——臂架(梯架)工作载荷；
——炮喷射反力，工作斗内人员活动等产生的动载荷。
4.4.2.4.7臂架(梯架)应进行应力测试，应力测试时按被测部件工作时的最大负荷加载，对于塑性材料，部件所受的最大应力应小于所用材料屈服应力的50％。对于脆性材料，部件所受的最大应力应小于所用材料断裂应力的20％。
4.4.2.4.8臂架(梯架)主要焊缝及各支承轴座的焊缝应进行无损探伤。
4.4.3工作斗
4.4.3.1标识
4.4.3.1.1 应在工作斗的明显位置标出工作斗额定载荷、系上安全带和防止超员等内容。工作斗额定载荷字体大小应保证离工作斗10 m外的人员可清晰阅读，字体应使用与周围颜色反差大的颜色。字迹不应因振动、高温、水淋及其他环境原因脱落或腐蚀。
4.4.3.1.2有工作斗的举高车应按工作斗载荷大小和消防炮有、无喷射确定不同的安全工作范围。应在举高车回转平台和工作斗操作位置可见处按不同载荷大小和消防炮有、无喷射显示不同安全工作范围。
4.4.3.2结构强度
4.4.3.2.1 工作斗门应向工作斗内开启，门的宽度不小于450 mm，门的高度不小于900 mm。应在工作斗两个方向设置门。门锁应旋转开启和碰撞关闭，开启把手应在工作斗外侧，其大小应能够佩戴消防手套开启。门应锁闭可靠，承受2 000 N的力不应打开或明显变形。
4.4.3.2.2 工作斗底部四周应有不小于100 mm高度的踢板，工作斗的地面应防滑并有排水措施。采用镂空地面，镂空的孔洞大小不能通过15 mm直径圆球。
4.4.3.2.3 工作斗的围栏高度不应小于1.1 m，围栏采用网状结构，其开口尺寸不大于500 mm。围栏任何部位都能承受2 000 N的力不产生永久变形或结构破坏。
4.4.3.2.4如工作斗可绕臂架(梯架)左右摆动，单侧摆动角度应大于40°。
4.4.3.2.5举高车的工作斗及与臂架(梯架)的连接部分应能承受4倍的额定载荷不应产生永久变形或结构破坏。
4.4.3.2.6举高车使用可从臂架(梯架)拆卸的工作斗时，工作斗安装在臂架(梯架)上时应有机构自动将其与臂架(梯架)锁紧。解除工作斗与臂架(梯架)的锁紧时应执行两个独立的操作。
4.4.3.3配件和附件
4.4.3.3.1 有工作斗的举高车配置的安全带应符合GA 494—2004的要求，安全带的吊点应位于操作人员的背部上部，和安全带相连的安全绳应与工作斗可靠连接，其长度不应大于1.5 m。工作斗挂安全带处应有标识。安全带数量不应少于按额定载荷核算(75 kg/人)的工作斗中人员数量。
4.4.3.3.2工作斗内应有功率不小于70 W的探照灯，探照灯应可照射工作斗的运动方向和消防炮的喷射方向。探照灯的开关在工作斗操作台和回转平台操作台上，探照灯的光色应是黄色。
4.4.3.3.3工作斗下部应有水雾喷头，喷头开启后水雾应能覆盖工作斗下部。喷头的开启和关闭应在工作斗内控制。工作斗周围安装水雾喷头时，喷头开启后应保证工作斗中操作人员安全操作所需的视线和视野。
4.4.3.3.4有工作斗的举高车如配置空气呼吸系统，工作斗中至少应配备两个呼吸面罩。两人同时使用的时间应大于1 h。
4.4.3.3.5有工作斗的举高车如配置应急高空逃生装置，该装置和工作斗应可靠连接。
4.4.3.4工作斗安全要求
4.4.3.4.1 举高车工作斗在安全工作范围内地板与水平面应始终自动保持水平，调平误差不应超过3°。调平应及时、平稳。工作斗地板与水平面的角度达到10°时，安全装置应自动停止臂架(梯架)的动作。工作斗应有手动辅助调平机构，只有同时操作两个装置，手动辅助调平机构方能工作。
4.4.3.4.2有工作斗的举高车应有工作斗超载报警，当工作斗负载超出额定负载时，应有声光报警信号，报警声不小于90 dB(A)，臂架(梯架)应只能向安全方向动作。
4.4.3.4.3工作斗的前部和下部应有防碰撞装置，装置接近或碰到障碍物时应自动停止臂架(梯架)的动作并有声音报警信号，报警声不小于90 dB(A)。当采用接触式防碰撞装置，停止臂架(梯架)动作所需的碰撞力不应大于1 000 N。
4.4.3.4.4最大工作高度不小于30 m的举高车，工作斗围栏上或臂架(梯架)顶端应设风速测量仪。当风速超过生产企业规定的要求时应有声光报警信号，报警声不应小于90 dB(A)。
4.4.4回转平台
4.4.4.1 回转平台应可双向回转并有回转停止的制动装置，回转平台的支承应方便润滑。
4.4.4.2举高车回转平台操作台应有安全围栏，围栏应方便操作人员进出并不影响回转平台回转，回转平台围栏高度不应小于1.0 m。围栏任何部位应承受1 500 N力不产生永久变形或结构破坏。
4.4.5其他装置
4.4.5.1举高车采用电控系统时，应有应急操作装置，应急操作装置应采用手动操作。当使用应急操作装置操作时安全系统失效，应急操作装置操作处应使用专用工具方能打开，在应急操作装置操作处应有警示说明，警示说明的颜色应符合GB 15052—2010第9章的要求，内容包括，安全系统失效，操作应由有经验的人员实施”字样，警示说明的字体大小应使操作人员清晰阅读。
4.4.5.2举高车应有辅助动力源，当主动力源失效时能将举升状态的臂架(梯架)和支腿收回至行驶状态。臂架(梯架)的回收时间见表1，当使用车载蓄电池驱动辅助动力源时，收回臂架(梯架)和支腿后，蓄电池应仍能启动底盘发动机。
表1 使用辅助动力源的臂架(梯架)收回时间
最大工作高度
m 臂架(梯架)回收时间
min
<30 ≤15
>30，≤70 ≤30
>70 ≤45

4.4.5.3装有滑车的举高车，滑车平均速度不大于1 m/s，滑车应能连续1 000次可靠工作，滑车的围栏高度应不小于1.1 m，围栏任何部位都能承受2 000 N的力不产生永久变形或结构破坏。