GB 6675.2-2025 Safety of toys - Part 2: Mechanical and physical properties
1 Scope
The requirements of this document specify acceptable criteria for structural characteristics of toys, such as shape, size, contour, spacing (e.g. rattles, small parts, sharp points and edges, and hinge-line clearances) as well as acceptable criteria for properties peculiar to certain categories of toy (e.g. maximum kinetic energy values for non-resilient-tipped projectiles and minimum tip angles for certain ride-on toys).
This document specifies requirements and test methods for toys intended for use by children in various age groups from birth to 14 years. The requirements vary according to the age group for which a particular toy is intended. The requirements for a particular age group reflect the nature of the hazards and the mental and physical abilities of a child to cope with them.
Note 1: for the age-grading guidelines, see Annex A, and for further age-grading, see GB/T 28022.
This document also requires that appropriate warnings and/or instructions for use be given on certain toys or their packaging. The warnings and instructions are given in Annex B.
This document applies to all toys, i.e. any product designed or clearly intended for use in play by children under 14 years of age. This document apply to a toy as it is initially received by the consumer and, in addition, they apply after a toy is subjected to reasonably foreseeable conditions of normal use and abuse unless specifically noted otherwise.
This document does not purport to cover or include every conceivable potential hazard of a particular toy or toy category. Except for labelling requirements indicating the functional hazards and the age range for which the toy is intended, this document has no requirements for those characteristics of toys which represent an inherent and recognized hazard which is integral to the function of the toy.
Note 2: An example of such a hazard is the sharp point necessary for the proper function of a needle. The needle is a hazard which is well understood by the purchaser of a toy sewing kit, and the functional sharp-point hazard is communicated to the user as part of the normal educational process of learning to sew as well as at the point of purchase by means of cautionary labelling on the product's packaging.
Note 3: a two-wheeled toy scooter has inherent and recognized hazards associated with its use (e.g. instability during use, especially while learning). The potential hazards associated with its structural characteristics (e.g. sharp edges, pinch hazards) will be minimized by conformity to the requirements of this document.
Products not included within the scope of this document are:
a) bicycles, the maximum height of whose saddle is greater than 435mm (see E.1);
b) slingshot;
Note 4: “Slingshots” are also known as “catapults” and are usually held in the hand, see Figure 1. Toy versions of medieval catapults and trebuchets are not exempt from this document, see Figure 2.
Figure 1 Examples of slingshots (Not within the scope of this document)
Figure 2 Medieval toy catapult (Within the scope of this document)
c) darts or javelins with metal tips;
d) playground equipment in public places;
e) compressed air- and gas-operated guns and pistols (see E.1);
f) model kits, hobby or craft items, in which the finished item is not primarily of play value;
g) sporting goods and equipment, camping goods, sports equipment, musical instruments and furniture, but not including their toy imitations; generally, such goods, including musical instruments or sports equipment, are slightly different from their toy imitations. The intention, normal use and reasonably foreseeable abuse of the manufacturer or seller determine whether it is a toy imitation.
h) aircraft, rockets, ships and vehicle models driven by internal combustion engines, but not including their toy imitations (see E.1);
i) collection not intended for children under the age of 14;
j) holiday decorations;
k) water equipment intended for deep water;
l) swimming learning devices and children's buoyancy aids, such as sitting laps and swimming aids;
m) toys installed in public places (such as streets and shopping malls);
n) puzzles with more than 500 pieces or without samples for professionals;
o) fireworks and firecrackers, including gunpowder caps (except toy gunpowder caps);
p) products containing heating elements and intended to be used in teaching under the supervision of adults;
q) steamer;
r) video toys with rated voltage exceeding 24V that can be connected to the video screen;
s) babies' pacifiers;
t) imitation weapons;
u) electric ovens, irons and other functional products with rated voltage exceeding 24V;
v) bow and arrow with the maximum slack length of bowstring greater than 120cm;
w) children's ornaments (see E.1);
x) educational products, such as scientific equipment, used in schools and other teaching environments under the supervision of adult instructors;
y) electronic devices used to access interactive software and related peripherals, such as personal computers and game consoles, but excluding electronic devices or related peripherals specially designed for children and having play value, such as specially designed personal computers, keyboards, game consoles or steering wheels;
z) interactive software for entertainment and leisure, such as computer games and their storage media (such as CD);
aa) lamps attracting children;
ab) scooters, electric-driven vehicles or other vehicles intended for moving or using on public roads such as highways and sidewalks;
ac) toy transformer.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 230.1 Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 1 : Test method (GB/T 230.1-2018, ISO 6508-1: 2016, MOD)
GB/T 3505 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Surface texture: Profile method - Terms definitions and surface texture parameters (GB/T 3505-2009, ISO 4287:1997, IDT)
GB/T 3785.1 Electroacoustics - Sound level meters - Part 1 : Specifications (GB/T 3785.1-2010, IEC 61672-1:2013, IDT)
GB/T 6672 Plastics film and sheeting - Determination of thickness by mechanical scanning (GB/T 6672-2001, ISO 4593:1993, IDT)
GB/T 17248.2 Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment-Determination of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane with negligible environmental corrections (GB/T 17248.2-2018, ISO 11201:2010, IDT)
GB/T 17248.3 Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment-Determination of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions applying approximate environmental corrections (GB/T 17248.3-2018, ISO 11202:2010, IDT)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
Note: The requirements in this document are applicable to certain age ranges. For an interpretation of these age ranges, see E.43 (terminology by age ranges).
3.1
accessible
performance of components or parts of a toy that can be accessed by any part before the shoulder of the accessible probe described in the accessibility test of toy parts or components in 5.7 (Accessibility of a part or component)
3.2
aquatic toy
devices intended to carry children's weight for children to play in shallow water, whether inflatable or not
Note: Bathroom toys and beach balls are not considered as aquatic toys.
3.3
arrow
projectile in the form of a shaft with a length of 150 mm or more, intended to be discharged from a bow held by the user
3.4
A-weighted equivalent sound pressure level
LpAen
level of a steady-state sound which, in a stated time period and at a stated location, has the same A- weighted sound energy as the time-varying sound
3.5
backing
material adhering to flexible plastic sheeting
3.6
ball
spherical, ovoid or ellipsoidal object, usually but not always designed or intended to be thrown, hit, kicked, rolled, dropped or bounced
Note 1: This definition includes balls attached to a toy or article by a string, elastic cord or similar tether and also any multi-sided object formed by connecting planes into, and any novelty item of, a generally spherical, ovoid or ellipsoidal shape designed or intended to be used as a ball.
Note 2: This definition does not include dice, or balls permanently enclosed inside pinball machines, mazes or similar outer containers. A ball is permanently enclosed if, when tested according to 5.24 (Reasonably foreseeable abuse tests), it is not removed from the container.
3.7
battery-operated toy
toy having at least one function dependent on electricity and powered by batteries
……
4 Technical requirements
4.1 General
4.1.1 Normal use
Toys shall be tested according to 5.1 (General) ~ 5.22 (Folding or sliding mechanisms), 5.25 (Determination of sound pressure levels) ~ 5.39 (Jaw entrapment test), to ensure that risks as a result of normal wear and/or degradation of toys are minimized.
Washable toys shall be subjected to wash test according to 5.23 (Washable toys).
The toys shall meet the requirements of Clause 4 after test.
4.1.2 Location of warnings
In the following clauses that require warnings, the location of the warning is indicated. Warnings which are required to be on the packaging may instead be placed on the product itself as long as it is clearly visible to the consumer before the purchase.
4.2 Reasonably foreseeable abuse
After normal use tests, toys intended for children under 96 months, unless otherwise stated, shall be tested in accordance with the relevant tests in 5.24 (Reasonably foreseeable abuse tests) to ensure that risks as a result of reasonably foreseeable abuse are minimized.
The toys shall meet the requirements of Clause 4 after test.
4.3 Material
4.3.1 Material quality
All materials shall be visually clean and free from infestation. The materials shall be assessed visually by normal corrected vision rather than under magnification.
4.3.2 Expanding materials
Toys and components of toys which are expanding materials and fit entirely, whatever their orientation, into the small parts cylinder (see Figure 26) shall completely pass through the gauge specified in Figure 39, if required when tested in accordance with 5.21 (Test for expanding materials).
For a toy or component that at time of purchase is in an expanded state, and can be completely accommodated in the small parts tester (see Figure 26) in any direction shall be able to completely pass through the test template shown in Figure 39 when tested according to 5.21 (Test for expanding materials).
This requirement does not apply to seeds in growing kits and the toys after testing in accordance with 5.24 (Reasonably foreseeable abuse tests).
4.4 Small parts
4.4.1 For children under 36 months
Toys intended for children under 36 months, removable components thereof and components liberated during testing in accordance with 5.24 (Reasonably foreseeable abuse tests) shall not fit entirely, whatever their orientation, into the small parts cylinder when tested in accordance with 5.2 (Test for small parts).
The requirement applies to fragments of toys, including, but not limited to, pieces of flash, slivers of plastics and pieces of foam or shavings.
The following are exempt before and after subjecting the toy to the tests according to Clause 5 (Test methods):
- paper books and other articles made of paper and pieces of paper;
- writing materials such as crayons, chalk, pencils and pens; this exemption does not include removable components such as pen caps;
- modelling clay and similar products;
- fingerpaints, water colours, paint sets and paint brushes;
- fuzz;
- fibrous filling material;
- balloon
- textile fabric, including non-woven fabric such as felt and elastic fabric;
- yarn;
- string.
- audio and/or video discs which are not themselves small parts.
Additionally, toys, components of toys and removable components thereof made entirely of paperboard, that do not fit entirely in the cylinder when tested in accordance with 5.2 (Test for small parts), are exempt from testing in accordance with 5.24 (Reasonably foreseeable abuse).
Guidance on categories of toys which can be considered as intended for children under 36 months is given in A.4.2 (Toys appropriate for children under 3 years of age).
4.4.2 For children 36 months and over but under 72 months
Toys which fit entirely in the small parts cylinder when tested in accordance with 5.2 (Test for small parts) or have components, including removeable components, which fit entirely in the small parts cylinder when tested in accordance with 5.2 (Test for small parts) shall carry a warning. The warning shall be on the toy, on the toy’s packaging or, if the toy is unpackaged and unlabelled, on any retail display container provided by the manufacturer, see B.2.3.
The requirements in this subclause are not applicable to small parts liberated after testing in accordance with 5.24 (Reasonably foreseeable abuse tests).
If the toy presents more than one of the following hazards:
- small part(s);
- small ball(s);
- marble(s);
the toy, its packaging or retail display container provided by the manufacturer (for unpackaged and unlabelled toys) shall carry at least one of the relevant statements in B.2.3 (Toys that are small parts, toys containing small parts and toys with removable small part components) or B.2.5 (Small balls and marbles) or a statement combining the multiple hazards present.
Contents
Foreword VII
Introduction X
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Requirements
4.1 General
4.2 Reasonably foreseeable abuse
4.3 Material
4.4 Small parts
4.5 Shape, size and strength of certain toys
4.6 Edges
4.7 Point
4.8 Projections
4.9 Metal wires and rods
4.10 Plastic film or plastic bags in packaging and in toys
4.11 Cords
4.12 Folding mechanisms
4.13 Holes, clearances and accessibility of mechanisms
4.14 Springs
4.15 Stability and overload requirements
4.16 Enclosures
4.17 Items that cover the face and simulated protective equipment
4.18 Projectile toys
4.19 Flying toys
4.20 Aquatic toys
4.21 Braking
4.22 Toy bicycles
4.23 Speed limitation of electrically driven ride-on toys
4.24 Toys containing a heat source
4.25 Liquid -filled toys
4.26 Mouth -actuated toys
4.27 Toy roller skates, toy inline skates and toy skateboards
4.28 Percussion caps specifically designed for use in toys
4.29 Acoustic requirements
4.30 Toy scooters
4.31 Magnets and magnetic components
4.32 Yo-yo balls
4.33 Straps intended to be worn fully or partially around the neck
4.34 Sledges and toboggans with cords for pulling
4.35 Jaw entrapment in handles and steering wheels
4.36 Assembly
4.37 Functional toys
4.38 Toys intended to come into contact with food
4.39 Inflatable toys
4.40 Toy gun marking
4.41 Packaging
4.42 Toys attached to food
4.43 Simulation food toy
5 Test methods
5.1 General
5.2 Test for small parts (see 4.3.2, 4.4, 4.18.3, 4.26 and 4.31)
5.3 Test for shape and size of certain toys (see 4.5.1)
5.4 Test for small balls (see 4.5.2 and 4.18.2)
5.5 Test for pompom (see 4.5.3)
5.6 Test for pre -school play figures (see 4.5.4)
5.7 Accessibility of a part or component (see 4.6, 4.7, 4.13 and 4.14)
5.8 Sharp-edge test (see 4.6, 4.9 and 4.30.3)
5.9 Sharp-point test (see 4.7, 4.9 and 4.30.3)
5.10 Determination of thickness of plastic film and sheeting (see 4.10)
5.11 Test for cords
5.12 Stability and overload tests (see 4.15)
5.13 Test for closures and toy chest lids (see 4.16.2)
5.14 Impact test for toys that cover the face (see 4.17)
5.15 Kinetic energy and wall impact test (see 4.18)
5.16 Freewheeling facility and brake performance tes
5.17 Determination of speed of electrically driven ride -on toys (see 4.23)
5.18 Determination of temperature increases (see 4.24)
5.19 Leakage of liquid -filled toys (see 4.25)
5.20 Durability of mouth -actuated toys (see 4.26)
5.21 Test for expanding materials (see 4.3.2)
5.22 Folding or sliding mechanisms
5.23 Washable toys (see 4.1)
5.24 Reasonably foreseeable abuse tests (see 4.2)
5.25 Determination of sound pressure levels (see 4.29)
5.26 Static strength for toy scooters (see 4.30.3)
5.27 Dynamic strength for toy scooters (see 4.30.3)
5.28 Brake performance for toy scooters (see 4.30.6)
5.29 Strength of toy scooter steering tubes (see 4.30.3)
5.30 Resistance to separation of handlebar (see 4.30.5)
5.31 Tension test for magnets [see 4.31.3c)]
5.32 Magnetic flux index [see 4.31.1, 4.31.3a) and c)]
5.33 Impact test for magnets [see 4.31.3c)]
5.34 Soaking test for magnets [see 4.31.3b)]
5.35 Determination of projectile range (see 4.18 and 4.19)
5.36 Tip assessment of rigid projectiles (see 4.18.2 and 4.19.1)
5.37 Length of suction cup projectiles (see 4.18.2)
5.38 Yo-yo ball measurements
5.39 Jaw entrapment test (see 4.35.3)
6 Standard implementation
Annex A (informative) Age-grading guidelines
A.1 General
A.2 Criteria for establishing age grades
A.3 Resources for establishing age grades
A.4 Safety considerations of age grading
A.5 Descriptive age-labelling
Annex B (informative) Safety -labelling guidelines and manufacturer 's markings
B.1 General
B.2 Safety-labelling guidelines
B.3 Instructional literature
B.4 Manufacturer's markings
Annex C (informative) Design guidelines for toys attached to cribs or playpens
Annex D (informative) Guideline to evaluating the possibility of toys being mistaken as edible by children
Annex E (informative) Rationale
E.1 Scope (see Clause 1)
E.2 Normal use (see 4.1.1)
E.3 Reasonably foreseeable abuse (see 4.2)
E.4 Material quality (see 4.3.1)
E.5 Expanding materials (see 4.3.2)
E.6 Small parts (see 4.4)
E.7 Shape, size and strength of certain toys (see 4.5)
E.8 Pompoms (see 4.5.3)
E.9 Pre-school play figures (see 4.5.4)
E.10 Balloons (see 4.5.6)
E.11 Edges (see 4.6)
E.12 Points (see 4.7)
E.13 Projections (see 4.8 and 4.30.8)
E.14 Metal wires and rods (see 4.9)
E.15 Plastic film or plastic bags in packaging and in toys (see 4.10)
E.16 Cords in toys (see 4.11)
E.17 Toy pushchairs, perambulators and similar toys (see 4.12.1)
E.18 Other toys with folding mechanisms (see 4.12.2)
E.19 Hinge-line clearance (see 4.12.3)
E.20 Circular holes in rigid materials (see 4.13.1)
E.21 Accessible clearances for movable segments (see 4.13.2)
E.22 Chains or belts in ride-on toys (see 4.13.3)
E.23 Other driving mechanisms (see 4.13.4)
E.24 Winding keys (see 4.13.5)
E.25 Springs (see 4.14)
E.26 Sideways stability (see 4.15.1.2 and 4.15.1.3)
E.27 Fore and aft stability (see 4.15.1.3)
E.28 Overload requirements for ride-on toys and seats (see 4.15.2)
E.29 Stability of stationary floor toys (see 4.15.3)
E.30 Enclosures (see 4.16)
E.31 Simulated protective equipment (such as helmets, hats and goggles) (see 4.17)
E.32 Projectile toys (see 4.18)
E.33 Flying toys (see 4.19)
E.34 Aquatic toys (see 4.20)
E.35 Braking (see 4.21)
E.36 Toy bicycles (see 4.22)
E.37 Speed test of electrically driven ride-on toys (see 4.23)
E.38 Liquid-filled toys (see 4.25)
E.39 Mouth-actuated toys (see 4.26)
E.40 Percussion caps for use in toys (see 4.28)
E.41 Hemispheric-shaped toys (see 4.5.8)
E.42 Acoustic requirements (see 4.29)
E.43 Age-break terminology
E.44 Toy scooters (see 4.30)
E.45 Magnets (see 4.31)
E.46 Yo-yo balls (see 4.32)
E.47 Straps intended to be worn fully or partially around the neck (see 4.33)
E.48 Jaw entrapment in handles and steering wheels (see 4.35)
E.49 Packaging (see 4.41)
Annex F (informative) Bath toy projection design guidelines
Bibliography
