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All technical contents of this standard are compulsory. This standard is drafted according to the regulations given by GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China. This national standard is under the jurisdiction of China Electronics Standardization Institute (CESI). Drafting organizations of this standard: China Electronics Standardization Institute, Shenzhen BAK Battery, Co., Ltd., Tianjin Lishen Battery Co., Ltd., Amperex Technology Limited, Sunwoda Electronics Co., Ltd., Feimaotui (Fujian) Electronics Co., Ltd., Beijing Zhongxing Microelectronics Co., Ltd., Beijing Saixi Technology Development Co., Ltd. Chief drafting staff of this standard: He Penglin, Hu Jingping, Cao Xuan, Su Jinran, Chen Zhikui, Wu Yuanming, Li Wuqi, Lin Nengqi and Feng Haiyu. Introduction This introduction aims at introducing the principles that requirements of this standard are based on. Understanding these principles is very necessary to design and produce safe lithium ion cells and batteries. It requires attention that this standard only considers the most basic safety requirements of lithium ion cells and batteries in order to provide safety protection of person and property, instead of involving performances and functional characteristics. With the further development of technologies and techniques, a further revision to this standard is necessary. The danger that lithium ion cells and batteries lead to in the scope of this standard refers to: ——Leakage, may directly do chemical corrosion to the human body, or lead to internal insulation fault in battery powered electronic equipment and indirectly cause danger such as electric shock and fire; ——Catching fire, directly burns the human body, or cause fire hazard to battery powered electronic equipment; ——Explosion, directly harms the human body or destroys equipment; ——Overheating, directly burns the human body, or result in insulation grade decline and safety component performance degradation, or ignite combustible liquid. The leakage hazard is caused by the actions of internal stress or external stress and the enclosure damage. Fire and explosion hazards may be caused by thermal runaway within the cell. Thermal runaway is possibly caused by internal short circuit of the cell and strong oxidizing reaction of cell materials. For the purpose of determining the design scheme for cells or batteries, the following priority shall be complied with: ——First, if possible, materials with high security shall be selected in priority. Materials which are liable to thermal runaway shall be avoided as much as possible; ——Secondly, if unable to achieve above principles, then protective devices shall be designed to minimize or eliminate the possible generation of hazards, such as increasing protective devices; ——Finally, if above schemes and others measures are incapable of preventing hazards, then measures of labeling and explanations to residual hazards shall be taken. Above principles may not replace the detail requirements of this standard, only to let the designer learn about the principles that these requirements are based on. The safety of lithium ion cells and batteries are relevant to its material selection, design, production technology, transportation and service conditions. Its service conditions include normal operating condition, foreseeable misuse condition and foreseeable fault condition, and include factors which affect its safety environmental conditions such as temperature and altitude. Safety requirements on lithium ion cells and batteries cover hazards of all above factors to the staff. Staff refers to maintainers and users. Maintainers refer to maintainers of electronic equipment and the cells. They can apply the professional skills they have grasped to prevent possible harms to themselves or others in obvious danger. However, the following methods may be carried out to protect maintainers against accidental danger, for example, remind maintainers of residual hazards by means of labels or caution explanations. Users refer to all the staff other than maintainers. Safety protection requirements are raised assuming users have not received trainings of identifying hazards, but will not create hazard conditions deliberately. Production process links such as material selection, design and technology of lithium ion cells and batteries are vital to their safety. See Appendix A for the quality control example of the production process; for design and manufacturing process, Appendix B may be referred to. NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA 中华人民共和国国家标准 GB 31241-2014 Lithium Ion Cells and Batteries Used in Portable Electronic Equipments - Safety Requirements 便携式电子产品用锂离子电池和电池组 安全要求 1 Scope This standard specifies the safety requirements of lithium ion cells and batteries used in portable electronic equipment. This standard is applicable to lithium ion cells and batteries used in portable electronic equipment (hereinafter referred as cells and batteries); examples of portable electronic equipment which belong to this standard are as follows: a) Portable office products: laptop, PDA, etc. b) Mobile communication products: cellphone, cordless telephone, Bluetooth earphone, interphone, etc. c) Portable audio/video products: portable television, portable DVD player, MP3/MP4 player, camera, video camera, recording pen, etc. d) Other portable products: electronic navigator, digital photo frame, game console, eBook, etc. Above listed portable electronic equipment do not cover all products; therefore non-listed products are possibly in the scope of this standard. For lithium ion cells or batteries used for portable electronic equipment at specific occasions such as on the vehicle, ship and plane, and in special fields such as medical treatment, mining and seabed operation, there are possibly additional requirements. 2 Normative References The following documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the dated edition is applicable to this document. For undated references, the latest editions of the normative documents (including all the amendments) are applicable to this document. GB 4943.1 Information Technology Equipment - Safety - Part 1: General Requirements GB/T 5169.5-2008 Fire Hazard Testing for Electric and Electronic Products - Part 5: Test Flames - Needle Test Method-Apparatus Confirmatory Arrangement and Guidance GB/T 5330-2003 Industrial Woven Metal Wire Cloth (Square Opening Series) GB/T 6005-2008 Test Sieves - Metal Wire Cloth, Perforated Metal Plate and Electroformed Sheet - Nominal Sizes of Opening GB 8898 Audio, Video and Similar Electronic Apparatus-Safety Requirements GB/T 17626.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Testing and Measurement Techniques - Electrostatic Discharge Immunity Test 3 Terms and Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 Lithium ion cell A device which contains lithium ion and is capable of directly transforming chemical energy into electric energy. The device includes electrode, diaphragm, electrolyte, container, terminal, etc., and is designed as rechargeable. 3.2 Lithium ion battery An assembly consists of arbitrary amount of lithium ion cells and is ready for use. The assembly includes proper encapsulating materials, connectors and possibly contains electronic control devices. 3.3 Portable electronic equipment A movable electronic equipment not exceeding 18kg and may be frequently carried by users. 3.4 Hand-held electronic equipment A portable electronic equipment which requires hand holding in normal use. Note: for example, cellphone, palmtop computer, palmtop game console, portable video player, etc. 3.5 User replaceable battery A lithium ion battery which is applied to portable electronic equipment and allows users to replace directly. 3.6 Non-user replaceable cell/battery A lithium ion cell or lithium ion battery which is built in the portable electronic equipment and does not allow users to replace directly. 3.7 Rated capacity C Cell or battery capacity labeled by the manufacturer. Note: the unit is amperehour (Ah) or milliamp hour (mAh). 3.8 Limited charging voltage Ucl The rated maximum charging voltage of the cells or batteries specified by the manufacturer. Note: for example, the limited charging voltage of a single lithium cobaltate/graphite system cell is 4.20V generally. 3.9 Upper limited charging voltage Uup The highest safety charging voltage of the cells or batteries specified by the manufacturer. Note: for example, the upper limited charging voltage of a single lithium cobaltate/graphite system cell is 4.25V generally. 3.10 Over voltage for charge protection Ucp The action voltage of protection circuit specified by the manufacturer during large voltage charging. 3.11 Discharge cut-off voltage Udo The load voltage of cells or batteries at discharge off specified by the manufacturer. 3.12 Low voltage for discharge protection Udp The action voltage of protection circuit specified by the manufacturer during low voltage discharge. 3.13 Recommendation charging current Icr The constant current charging current recommended by the manufacturer. 3.14 Maximum charging current Icm The maximum constant current charging current specified by the manufacturer. 3.15 Over current for charge protection Icp The action current of protection circuit specified by the manufacturer during large voltage charging. 3.16 Recommendation discharging current Idr The continuous discharging current recommended by the manufacturer. 3.17 Maximum discharging current Idm The maximum continuous discharging current specified by the manufacturer. 3.18 Over current for discharge protection Idp The action current of protection circuit specified by the manufacturer during high-current discharge. 3.19 Upper limited charging temperature Tcm The highest environment temperature specified by the manufacturer during cell or battery charging. Note: the temperature is the environment temperature instead of the surface temperature of cells or batteries. 3.20 Upper limited discharging temperature Tdm The highest environment temperature specified by the manufacturer during cell or battery discharging. Note: the temperature is the environment temperature instead of the surface temperature of cells or batteries. 3.21 Leakage Leakage of visible liquid electrolyte. [GB/T 28164-2011, definition 1.3.9] 3.22 Venting When the internal pressure in cells or batteries increases, the gas is released through predesigned explosion-proof device. 3.23 Rupture Mechanical damage to cellpacking or battery enclosure caused by internal or external factors, resulting in internal substance exposure or overflow but not jetting out. [GB/T 28164-2011, definition 1.3.11] 3.24 Fire Cells or batteries give out flame. [GB/T 28164-2011, definition 1.3.12] 3.25 Explosion Fierce rupture of the enclosure of cells or batteries results in main components jetting out. [GB/T 28164-2011, definition 1.3.13] 3.26 Fire enclosure Parts used to reduce the spreading of burning or flame to the minimum. 3.27 Type test The test carried out to representative samples. The purpose is to determine whether the design and manufacturing meets the requirements of this standard. [GB 4943.1-2011, definition 1.2.13.1] 3.28 Routine test The test carried out during the manufacturing period or after the manufacturing to each independent product in order to inspect whether it meets relevant criteria. [GB 4943.1-2011, definition 1.2.13.3] 4 Test Conditions 4.1 Applicability of the Test The test specified in this standard shall be carried out only when safety is concerned. The test may not be carried out, if it is not applicable to such cell or battery products that are determined inapplicable in the standard due to restrictions of design, structures or functions. In case restricted by the product design, structure or function and unable to carry out the test to cells or batteries, while the test must be implemented, the electronic equipment, the accessorial chargers of the electronic equipment or partial spare parts which constitute the electronic equipment of the cells or batteries may be subjected to relevant test together with the cells or batteries. Note: portable electronic equipment and their accessorial chargers or partial spare parts which constitute the electronic equipment are produced by the manufacturer of the cells or batteries or the manufacturer of electronic equipment, and the manufacturer shall provide the operation instructions. Unless otherwise specified, the samples after the test are not required to be of normal use. 4.2 Environmental Conditions of the Test Unless otherwise specified, the test is carried out in the following conditions generally: a) Temperature: 20℃±5℃; b) Relative humidity: not larger than 75%; c) Atmospheric pressure: 86 kPa~106 kPa. 4.3 Parameter Measurement Tolerance Relative to specified values or actual values, the accuracy of all the control values or measured values shall be within the undermentioned tolerance range: a) Voltage: ±1%; b) Current: ±1%; c) Temperature: ±2℃; d) Time: ±0.1%; e) Capacity: ±1%. The above tolerances include the accuracy of measuring instruments used, errors of the adopted testing method and all the other errors introduced in the testing process. See GB/T 7676 for the selection of analog instruments; see IEC 60485 for the selection of digital instruments. In every copy of report which records the results, the details of test equipment used shall be provided. 4.4 Temperature Measurement Method Adopt thermocouple method to measure the surface temperature of cells or batteries. The temperature testing points shall be located on the surface of geometrical center of cells or batteries or side contact point and other positions, and select the temperature peak point as the judgment reference of the test. 4.5 Charge/Discharge Procedure Used for the Testing 4.5.1 Charging procedure used for the testing Cells or batteries shall be subjected to charging according to the method specified by the manufacturer. Note: before charging, the cells or batteries shall discharge according to the method specified by the manufacturer to discharge cut-off voltage. 4.5.2 Discharging procedure used for the testing Cells or batteries shall be subjected to constant current discharge according to the current specified by the manufacturer to discharge cut-off voltage. 4.6 Simulated Faults or Abnormal Operating Conditions If applying simulated faults or abnormal operating conditions is required, then the application shall be carried out in turn, simulate one fault at a time. The fault directly caused by simulated faults or abnormal operating conditions is regarded as part of simulated faults or abnormal operating conditions. When a certain single fault is set, this single fault includes the fault of any component. The circuit board, circuit diagram and component specifications shall be inspected to determine possible fault condition which may be reasonably predicted. For example: ——Short circuit and open circuit of semiconductor devices; ——Short circuit and open circuit of capacitors; ——Short circuit and open circuit of current-limiting devices; ——Short circuit and open circuit of voltage limiting devices; ——Internal fault which makes the integrated circuit form excessive power consumption. 4.7 Type Test Unless otherwise stated, the tests specified in this standard are type tests. 4.7.1 Requirements on samples Unless otherwise specified, the tested sample shall be representative samples of the products that the client is about to accept, including small batch of pilot production samples or products which are ready to be delivered to the client. In case the test requires lead wire for testing or connection, the total resistance generated by lead wire testing or connection shall be less than 20mΩ. Foreword i Introduction ii 1 Scope 2 Normative References 3 Terms and Definitions 4 Test Conditions 4.1 Applicability of the Test 4.2 Environmental Conditions of the Test 4.3 Parameter Measurement Tolerance 4.4 Temperature Measurement Method 4.5 Charge/Discharge Procedure Used for the Testing 4.6 Simulated Faults or Abnormal Operating Conditions 4.7 Type Test 5 General Safety Requirements 5.1 General Safety Consideration 5.2 Safe Operation Parameters 5.3 Label and Caution Explanations 5.4 Safety Critical Components 6 Electric Safety Test for Cells 6.1 External Short Circuit at Normal Temperature 6.2 External Short Circuit at High Temperature 6.3 Overcharge 6.4 Forced Discharge 7 Cell Safe Environment Test 7.1 Low Atmospheric Pressure 7.2 Temperature Cycle 7.3 Vibration 7.4 Acceleration Impact 7.5 Fall 7.6 Extrusion 7.7 Impact with Heavy Objects 7.8 Heat Misuse 7.9 Burning and Jetting 8 Battery Environment Safety Test 8.1 Low Atmospheric Pressure 8.2 Temperature Cycle 8.3 Vibration 8.4 Acceleration Impact 8.5 Fall 8.6 Stress Relief 8.7 High Temperature Service 8.8 Washing 8.9 Inflaming Retarding Requirements 9 Electric Safety Test for Batteries 9.1 General 9.2 Over Voltage Charge 9.3 Over Current Charge 9.4 Low Voltage Discharge 9.5 Over Load 9.6 External Short Circuit 9.7 Reverse Charge 9.8 Electrostatic Discharge 10 Safety Requirements of Protection Circuit for Batteries 10.1 General 10.2 Over Voltage Charge Protection 10.3 Over Current Charge Protection 10.4 Low Voltage Discharge Protection 10.5 Over Load Protection 10.6 Short Circuit Protection 10.7 High Voltage Proof 11 Safety Requirements of System Protection Circuit 11.1 General 11.2 Charging Voltage Control 11.3 Charging Current Control 11.4 Discharging Voltage Control 11.5 Discharging Current Control 11.6 Temperature Control for Charge/Discharge 12 Requirements for Consistency 12.1 General requirements 12.2 Test Requirements Appendix A (Informative) Example for Requirements of Quality Control Procedure Appendix B (Informative) Design and Manufacturing Process Appendix C (Normative) Test Sequence Appendix D (Informative) Example for Operating Range of Lithium Cobaltate-Graphite System Cells Appendix E (Normative) Test Equipment and Measuring Instrument Appendix F (Normative) Washing Test Appendix G (Normative) Method of Flame Retardance Test for Lead Wires Bibliography 便携式电子产品用锂离子电池和电池组 安全要求 1 范围 本标准规定了便携式电子产品用锂离子电池和电池组的安全要求。 本标准适用于便携式电子产品用的锂离子电池和电池组(以下简称为电池和电池组)，属于本标准范围内的便携式电子产品示例如下： a)便携式办公产品：笔记本电脑、PDA等。 b)移动通信产品：手机、无绳电话、蓝牙耳机、对讲机等。 c) 便携式音/视频产品：便携式电视机、便携式DVD播放器、MP3/MP4播放器、照相机、摄像机、录音笔等。 d)其他便携式产品：电子导航器、数码相框、游戏机、电子书等。 上述列举的便携式电子产品并未包括所有的产品，因此未列出的产品并不一定不在本标准的范围内。 对于在车辆、船舶、飞机上等特定场合使用，以及对于医疗、采矿、海底作业等特殊领域使用的便携式电子产品用锂离子电池或电池组可能会有附加要求。 2规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB 4943.1信息技术设备 安全 第1部分：通用要求 GB/T 5169.5—2008 电工电子产品着火危险试验 第5部分：试验火焰 针焰试验方法 装置、确认试验方法和导则 GB/T 5330—2003工业用金属丝编织方孔筛网 GB/T 6005—2008试验筛 金属丝编织网、穿孔板和电成型薄板 筛孔的基本尺寸 GB 8898音频、视频及类似电子设备 安全要求 GB/T 17626.2 电磁兼容 试验和测量技术 静电放电抗扰度试验 3术语和定义 下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 锂离子电池lithium ion cell 含有锂离子的能够直接将化学能转化为电能的装置。该装置包括电极、隔膜、电解质、容器和端子等，并被设计成可充电。 3.2 锂离子电池组lithium ion battery 由任意数量的锂离子电池组合而成且准备使用的组合体。该组合体包括适当的封装材料、连接器，也可能含有电子控制装置。 3.3 便携式电子产品portable electronic equipment 不超过18 kg的预定可由使用人员经常携带的移动式电子产品。 3.4 手持式电子产品hand-held electronic equipment 在正常使用时要用手握持的便携式电子产品。 注：例如手机、掌上电脑、掌上游戏机、便携式视频播放器等。 3.5 用户可更换型电池组user replaceable battery 应用于便携式电子产品中且允许用户直接更换的锂离子电池组。 3.6 非用户更换型电池/电池组non-user replaceable cell/battery 内置于便携式电子产品中且不允许用户直接更换的锂离子电池或锂离子电池组。 3.7 额定容量rated capacity C 制造商标明的电池或电池组容量。 注：单位为安时(Ah)或毫安时(mAh)。 3.8 充电限制电压limited charging voltage Ucl 制造商规定的电池或电池组的额定最大充电电压。 注：例如单节钴酸锂/石墨体系电池的充电限制电压一般为4.20 V。 3.9 充电上限电压 upper limited charging voltage Uup 制造商规定的电池或电池组能承受的最高安全充电电压。 注：例如单节钴酸锂/石墨体系电池的充电上限电压一般为4.25 V。 3.10 过压充电保护电压over voltage for charge protection Ucp 制造商规定的大电压充电时的保护电路动作电压。 3.11 放电截止电压discharge cut-off voltage Udo 制造商规定的放电终止时电池或电池组的负载电压。 3.12 欠压放电保护电压low voltage for discharge protection Udp 制造商规定的低电压放电时的保护电路动作电压。 3.13 推荐充电电流 recommendation charging current Icr 制造商推荐的恒流充电电流。 3.14 最大充电电流maximum charging current Icm 制造商规定的最大的恒流充电电流。 3.15 过流充电保护电流over current for charge protection Icp 制造商规定的大电流充电时的保护电路动作电流。 3.16 推荐放电电流recommendation discharging current Idr 制造商推荐的持续放电电流。 3.17 最大放电电流maximum discharging current Idm 制造商规定的最大持续放电电流。 3.18 过流放电保护电流 over current for discharge protection Idp 制造商规定的大电流放电时的保护电路动作电流。 3.19 上限充电温度 upper limited charging temperature Tcm 制造商规定的电池或电池组充电时的最高环境温度。 注：该温度为环境温度，不是电池或电池组的表面温度。 3.20 上限放电温度upper limited discharging temperature Tdm 制造商规定的电池或电池组放电时的最高环境温度。 注：该温度为环境温度，不是电池或电池组的表面温度。 3.21 漏液leakage 可见的液体电解质的漏出。 [GB/T 28164—2011，定义1.3.9] 3.22 泄气venting 电池或电池组中内部压力增加时，气体通过预先设计好的防爆装置释放出来。 3.23 破裂 rupture 由于内部或外部因素引起电池外壳或电池组壳体的机械损伤，导致内部物质暴露或溢出，但没有喷出。 [GB/T 28164—2011，定义1.3.11] 3.24 起火fire 电池或电池组发出火焰。 [GB/T 28164—2011，定义1.3.12] 3.25 爆炸 explosion 电池或电池组的外壳剧烈破裂并且主要成分抛射出来。 [GB/T 28164—2011，定义1.3.13] 3.26 防火防护外壳fire enclosure 用来使燃烧或火焰的蔓延减小到最低限度的部件。 3.27 型式试验type test 对有代表性的样品所进行的试验，其目的是确定其设计和制造是否能符合本标准的要求。 [GB 4943.1—2011，定义1.2.13.1] 3.28 例行试验 routine test 在制造期间或制造后对每个独立产品进行的试验，以检验其是否符合相关的判据。 [GB 4943.1—2011，定义1.2.13.3] 4试验条件 4.1试验的适用性 只有涉及安全性时才进行本标准规定的试验。 在标准内容约定某一类电池或电池组因为产品的设计、结构、功能上的制约而明确对该产品的试验不适用时，可不进行该试验。如因受产品设计、构造或功能上的制约而无法对电池或电池组进行试验，而这种试验又必须实施时，可连同使用该电池或电池组的电子产品、该电子产品附属的充电器或构成该电子产品一部分的零部件，与电池或电池组一起进行相关试验。 注：便携式电子产品及其附带的充电器或者构成其一部分的零部件来自该电池或电池组的制造商或者电子产品的制造商，并由该制造商提供操作说明。 除非另有规定，测试完成后的样品不要求还能正常使用。 4.2试验的环境条件 除非另有规定，试验一般在下列条件下进行： a) 温度：20℃±5℃； b) 相对湿度：不大于75％； c) 气压：86 kPa～106 kPa。 4.3参数测量公差 相对于规定值或实际值，所有控制值或测量值的准确度应在下述公差范围内： a) 电压：±1％； b) 电流：±1％； c) 温度：±2℃； d) 时间：±0.1％； e) 容量：±1％。 上述公差包含了所用测量仪器的准确度、所采用的测试方法以及测试过程中引入的所有其他误差。选择模拟仪器可参见GB/T 7676，选择数字仪器可参见IEC 60485。在任何一份记录结果的报告中都应提供所使用的测试设备的详细资料。 4.4温度测量方法 采用热电偶法来测量电池或电池组的表面温度。温度测试点应位于电池或电池组的几何中心表面或侧边接触点及其他位置，选取温度最高点作为试验判定依据。 4.5测试用充放电程序 4.5.1测试用充电程序 电池或电池组按照制造商规定的方法进行充电。 注：在充电前电池或电池组先按照制造商规定的方法放电至放电截止电压。 4.5.2测试用放电程序 电池或电池组依照制造商规定的电流进行恒流放电至放电截止电压。 4.6模拟故障或异常工作条件 如果要求施加模拟故障或异常工作条件，则应当依次施加，一次模拟一个故障。对由模拟故障或异常工作条件直接导致的故障被认为是模拟故障或异常工作条件的一部分。 当设置某单一故障时，这个单一故障包括任何元器件的失效。 应当通过检查电路板、电路图和元器件规范来确定出可以合理预计到会发生的故障条件，例如： ——半导体器件的短路和开路； ——电容器的短路和开路； ——限流器件的短路和开路； ——限压器件的短路和开路； ——使集成电路形成功耗过大的内部故障。 4.7型式试验 除非另有说明，本标准规定的试验均为型式试验。 4.7.1样品的要求 除非另有规定，被测试样品应当是客户将要接受的产品的代表性样品，包括小批量试产样品或是准备向客户交货的产品。 若试验需要引入导线测试或连接时，引入导线测试或连接产生的总电阻应小于20 mΩ。 4.7.2样品的数量 除特殊说明外，每个试验项目的样品为3个。 4.7.3 电池样品容量测试 电池样品的实际容量应大于或等于其额定容量，否则不能作为型式试验的典型样品。 电池先按照4.5.1规定的充电程序充满电，搁置10 min，再按照4.5.2规定的放电程序放电，放电时所提供的容量即为电池的实际容量。 当对容量测试结果有异议时，可依据23℃±2℃的环境温度作为仲裁条件重新测试。 4.7.4样品的预处理 电池或电池组按照4.5规定的充放电程序进行两个充放电循环，充放电程序之间搁置10 min。 注：对于电池样品可同时进行容量测试。 4.7.5试验项目 表1为电池的型式试验项目，“样品”栏中阿拉伯数字为测试样品编号。 表1 电池型式试验 项目 本标准章条号 试验内容 样品 试验条件 4.7.3 电池容量测试 全部 4.7.4 样品预处理 全部 一般安全要求a 5.2 安全工作参数 — 5.3.1 标识要求 电池电安全试验 6.1 常温外部短路 1～3 6.2 高温外部短路 4～6 6.3 过充电 7～9 6.4 强制放电 10～12 电池环境试验 7.1 低气压 4～6 7.2 温度循环 4～6 7.3 振动 4～6 7.4 加速度冲击 4～6 7.5 跌落 13～15 7.6 挤压 16～18 7.7 重物冲击 19～21 7.8 热滥用 22～24 7.9 燃烧喷射 25～27 a对厂商提供的标签、说明书、材料等进行检查和试验。 表2为电池组的型式试验项目，“样品”栏中的阿拉伯数字为测试样品编号。 表2电池组型式试验 项目 本标准章条号 试验内容 样品 试验条件 4.7.4 样品预处理 全部 一般安全要求a 5.2 安全工作参数 — 5.3.1 标识要求 5.3.2 警示说明 5.3.3 耐久性 电池组环境试验 8.1 低气压 1～3 8.2 温度循环 1～3 8.3 振动 1～3 8.4 加速度冲击 1～3 8.5 跌落 4～6 8.6 应力消除 7～9 8.7 高温 10～12 8.8 洗涤 见8.8 8.9 阻燃要求 见8.9 电池组电安全试验 9.2 过压充电 13～15 9.3 过流充电 16～18 9.4 欠压放电 19～21 9.5 过载 22～24 9.6 短路 25～27 9.7 反向充电 28～30 9.8 静态放电 31～33 a对厂商提供的标签、说明书、材料等进行检查和试验。 对于非用户更换型电池，应将其安装在电子产品中作为整体样品进行第8章的测试；对于非用户更换型电池组，可以将其置于电子产品中作为整体样品进行第8章的测试。 对于自身带保护电路的电池组，可能还需要进行表3所示的试验。 表3保护电路型式试验 项目 本标准章条号 试验内容 样品 电池组保护电路安全要求 10.2 过压充电保护 每项试验各使用1个样品 10.3 过流充电保护 10.4 欠压放电保护 10.5 过载保护 10.6 短路保护 10.7 耐高压 对于自身不带保护电路但在其充电器或由其供电的电子产品中带有保护电路的电池组或电池，还应进行表4所示的试验。 表4系统保护电路型式试验 项目 本标准章条号 试验内容 样品 系统保护电路安全要求 11.2 充电电压控制 样品为至少1个由该电池或电池组供电的电子产品或其控制部分 11.3 充电电流控制 11.4 放电电压控制 11.5 放电电流控制 11.6 充放电温度控制 对于多级串联构成的电池或电池组，还应满足第12章一致性的要求。 4.7.6 试验顺序 电池和电池组试验顺序见附录C。 4.7.7试验判据 只有当某项试验的受试样品全部测试合格，才可判定该项试验合格。 5一般安全要求 5.1 一般安全性的考虑 电池和电池组的安全性从两种应用条件加以考虑： a) 预期使用； b)合理可预见误用。 5.2安全工作参数 为确保电池和电池组在不同条件下的使用安全，应规定其安全工作条件，包括温度范围、电压范围和电流范围等参数。由于电池材料体系和结构的差异，其安全工作参数值可能不同。 注：钴酸锂-石墨体系电池的工作范围示例参见附录D。 制造商应在规格书中至少标明表5中的信息。 表5规格书中至少标明的信息 安全工作参数 符号 电池 电池组 充电限制电压 Ucl √ √ 充电上限电压 Uup √ √ 放电截止电压 Udo √ √ 推荐充电电流 Icr √ √ 最大充电电流 Icm √ √ 推荐放电电流 Idr √ √ 表5(续) 安全工作参数 符号 电池 电池组 最大放电电流 Idm √ √ 过压充电保护电压 Ucp — √ 过流充电保护电流 Icp — √ 欠压放电保护电压 Udp — √ 过流放电保护电流 Idp — √ 上限充电温度 Tcm √ √ 上限放电温度 Tdm √ √ 注：“√”为必选项；“—”为任选项。 5.3标识和警示说明 5.3.1 标识要求 应用中文至少标明以下标识： a)产品名称、型号； b)额定容量、充电限制电压； c) 正负极性，使用“正、负”字样、“+、-”符号或不同颜色(例如红色和黑色)表示； d)制造商或商标。 对于电池组，以上标识均应在电池组本体上标明，对于结构上能够保证用户在任何使用情况下都不可能导致误插的产品，可以不进行极性标识。 对于电池，额定容量、型号和正负极性应在本体上标明，其余标识允许在包装或规格书上标明，但若制造商和用户达成协议，用于组合电池组的组成电池可以不进行标识。 5.3.2警示说明 电池组的本体或最小包装上应有中文警示说明，例如： 禁止拆解、撞击、挤压或投入火中。 若出现严重鼓胀，请勿继续使用。 请勿置于高温环境中。 注：当电池组单独销售时，最小包装是指电池组的最小包装；当电池组和电子产品一起销售时，最小包装也可以是该电子产品的最小包装。 5.3.3 耐久性 电池组本体上的标识和警示说明应清晰可辨。 本标准所要求的电池组本体上的任何标识和警示说明应当是能耐久的和醒目的。在考虑其耐久性时，应当把正常使用时对其影响考虑进去。 通过检查、擦拭标识和警示说明来检验其是否合格。擦拭标识和警示说明时，应当用一块蘸有水的棉布用手擦拭15 s，然后再用一块蘸有75％的医用酒精的棉布用手擦拭15 s。试验后，标识和警示说明仍应当清晰，铭牌不应轻易被揭掉，而且不得出现卷边。 注：本条仅适用于用户可更换型电池组。 |
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| GB 31241-2014, GB/T 31241-2014, GBT 31241-2014, GB31241-2014, GB 31241, GB31241, GB/T31241-2014, GB/T 31241, GB/T31241, GBT31241-2014, GBT 31241, GBT31241 |