标准编号:	GB 18285-2018
中文名称:	汽油车污染物排放限值及测量方法（双怠速法及简易工况法）
英文名称:	Limits and measurement methods for emissions from gasoline vehicles under two-speed idle conditions and short driving mode conditions
中标分类:	Z10    环境污染物监测方法
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	13.040.50 13.040.50    移动源排放限值 13.040.50
发布机构:	生态环境部 国家市场监督管理总局
发布日期:	2018-09-27
实施日期:	2019-5-1
标准状态:	现行
替代旧标准:	GB 18285-2005 点燃式发动机汽车排气污染物排放限值及测量方法（双怠速法及简易工况法） HJ/T 240-2005 确定点燃式发动机在用汽车简易工况法排气污染物排放限值的原则和方法
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	115000 字
翻译价格(元):	4600.00 元
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.



This standard is formulated with a view to implementing the Environmental protection law of the People's Republic of China and the Law of the People's Republic of China on the prevention and control of atmospheric pollution, controlling the emissions from vehicles and improving the ambient air quality.



This standard is a revision of GB 18285-2005 Limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from vehicles equipped ignition engine under two-speed idle conditions and simple driving mode conditions and HJ/T 240-2005 The principle and method of confirm limits for exhaust pollutants from in-use vehicle equipped ignition engine under simple driving mode conditions by reference to HJ/T 289-2006 Equipment specifications and quality control requirements for gasoline vehicles in two-speed idle exhaust emission test, HJ/T 290-2006 Equipment specifications and quality control requirements for gasoline vehicles exhaust emission test in short transient loaded mode, HJ/T 291-2006 Equipment specifications and quality control requirements for gasoline vehicles exhaust emission test in steady-state loaded mode, HJ/T 396-2007 Equipment specifications and quality control requirements for in-use vehicles with ignition engine exhaust emission test in transient loaded mode, HJ 437-2008 Technical specification for on-board diagnostic (OBD) system of compression ignition and gas fuelled positive ignition engines of vehicles and HJ 500-2009 Technical specifications for on-board diagnostic system of light duty vehicles. This standard specifies the limits and measurement methods for exhaust emission pollutants from gasoline vehicles under two-speed idle conditions, steady-state loaded mode conditions, transient loaded mode conditions, and short transient loaded mode conditions. Moreover, this standard also specifies the methods and judgment bases for appearance inspection, OBD inspection, and fuel evaporative emission control system inspection of gasoline vehicles.



The following main changes have been made respect to GB 18285-2005 Limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from vehicles equipped ignition engine under two-speed idle conditions and simple driving mode conditions:



——The content of appearance inspection, OBD inspection, fuel evaporation inspection, etc. is added;



——The inspection items and inspection processes are added;



——The inspection record items and inspection software requirements are added;



——The content and methods of environmental protection supervision test are specified;



——The limits for emissions are adjusted.



This standard is compulsory pursuant to related legal provisions.



This standard was proposed by the Department of Air Environment and the Department of Laws and Regulations and Standards under the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.



Drafting organization of this standard: Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences.



This standard was approved by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment on September 27, 2018.



This standard shall be implemented from May 1, 2019, and GB 18285-2005 and HJ/T 240-2005 shall be abolished simultaneously from the implementation date of this standard.



The relevant current provincial emission standards shall be abolished from the implementation date of this standard.



The Ministry of Ecology and Environment is in charge of the explanation of this standard.





Limits and measurement methods for emissions from gasoline vehicles under two-speed idle conditions and short driving mode conditions



1 Application scope



This standard specifies the limits and measurement methods for exhaust emission pollutants from gasoline vehicles under two-speed idle conditions, steady-state loaded mode conditions, transient loaded mode conditions, and short transient loaded mode conditions. Moreover, this standard also specifies the methods and judgment bases for appearance inspection, OBD inspection, and fuel evaporative emission control system inspection of gasoline vehicles.



This standard is applicable to the inspection for new produced vehicle at end of production line, inspection for register vehicle, and inspection for in-use vehicle, and it is also applicable to other vehicles equipped with ignition engines.



2 Normative references



The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this standard, constitute provisions of this standard. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document applies.



GB 5181-2001 Automotive emission - Terms and definitions

GB 14762-2008 Limits and measurement method for exhaust pollutants from gasoline engines of heavy-duty vehicles (III, IV)

GB/T 15089-2001 Classification of power-driven vehicles and trailers

GB 17691-2005 Limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from compression ignition and gas fuelled positive ignition engines of vehicles (III, IV, V)

GB 17691-2018 Limits and measurement methods for emissions from diesel fuelled heavy-duty vehicles (China VI)

GB 17930-2016 Gasoline for motor vehicles

GB 18047-2017 Compressed natural gas as vehicle fuel

GB 18352.3-2015 Limits and measurement methods for emissions from light-duty vehicles (III, IV)

GB 18352.5-2013 Limits and measurement methods for emissions from light-duty vehicles (China V)

GB 18352.6-2016 Limits and measurement methods for emissions from light-duty vehicles (China 6)

GB 19159-2012 Automotive liquefied petroleum gases



3 Terms and definitions



For the purpose of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply.



3.1

light-duty vehicle

vehicle of category M1, M2 and N1 having a maximum mass not exceeding 3,500kg



3.2

vehicle of category M1, M2 and N1

in accordance with GB/T 15089:



vehicle of category M1 refers to the passenger vehicle accommodating a maximum of 9 seats including the driver's seat;



vehicle of category M2 refers to the passenger vehicle accommodating more than 9 seats including the driver's seat and having a maximum mass not exceeding 5,000kg;



vehicle of category N1 having a maximum mass not exceeding 3,500kg



3.3

heavy-duty vehicle

vehicle having a maximum mass exceeding 3,500kg



3.4

in-use vehicle

vehicle which has been registered and granted with license plate



3.5

vehicle emission inspection

various emission inspections for vehicles in accordance with laws, regulations and standards, including inspection for new produced motor vehicle at end of production line, inspection for register vehicle, inspection for in-use vehicle and supervision test



3.6

inspection for new produced vehicle at end of production line

inspection for the new produced vehicle before leaving the factory or before entering the country, which is also applicable to environmental protection inspection at the sales stage



3.7

inspection for register vehicle

inspection for the vehicle being applied for registration



3.8

inspection for in-use vehicle

inspection for the vehicle which has been registered, including periodical inspection for in-use vehicle, supervision test, and inspection for in-use vehicle before being transacted for registration change or registration transfer



3.9

supervision test

sampling inspection for the new produced vehicle before leaving the factory, and sampling inspection for the in-use vehicle at the centralized parking site and maintenance site as well as on road



3.10

maximum mass

technically permissible maximum mass proposed by vehicle manufacturer



3.11

reference mass; RM

kerb mass of vehicle plus 100kg



3.12

equivalent inertia

total inertial mass equivalent to the translational inertia and rotational inertia of a vehicle in motion which are simulated by an inertia simulator on the chassis dynamometer



3.13

exhaust emission pollutants

gaseous pollutants emitted by the exhaust pipe, which usually include carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The mass of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is represented by the equivalent of nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The concentration of hydrocarbons (HC) is represented by the equivalent of carbon (C), assuming carbon-hydrogen ratio as follows:



——gasoline: C1H1.85;



——liquefied petroleum gas (LPG): C1H2.525;



——natural gas (NG): CH4



3.14

volume concentration

the volume concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) in the exhaust is expressed in "%";



the volume concentration of hydrocarbons (HC) in the exhaust is expressed in "10-6", and the volume concentration value is converted according to the equivalent of n-hexane;



the volume concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in the exhaust is expressed in "10-6"



3.15

rated engine speed

crankshaft speed at the rated power of the engine, expressed in r/min



3.16

idle and high idle conditions

idle condition refers to the minimum stable speed condition of the vehicle engine, i.e., the clutch is in the engaged position and the gearbox is in the neutral position (the vehicle with automatic gearbox shall be in the "parking" or "P" position); the accelerator pedal is in the fully released position. High idle condition refers to the condition satisfying the above (except the last one) conditions, under which the engine speed is stably controlled at the high idle speed specified in this standard by the accelerator pedal. In this standard, the high idle speed of the light-duty vehicle is specified as 2,500±200r/min, and that of the heavy-duty vehicle is specified as 1,800±200r/min; if not applicable, the high idle speed specified in the manufacturer's technical documents will prevail



3.17

excess air coefficient (λ)

mass ratio of the amount of air actually supplied from burning 1kg of fuel to that of air theoretically required



3.18

simple driving mode conditions

test methods specified in Annexes B, C and D of this standard



3.19

gas fuel

liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) or natural gas (NG)



3.20

hybrid electric vehicle; HEV

vehicle which is able to obtain power from at least the following two kinds of on-board energy storage devices:



——consumable fuel;



——rechargeable electric energy/energy storage device



3.21

bi-fuel vehicle

vehicle which can burn both gasoline and a kind of gas fuel, but cannot burn both at the same time



3.22

mono-fuel vehicle

vehicle which can burn only one kind of gas fuel (LPG or NG), or vehicle that can burn both one kind of gas fuel (LPG or NG) and gasoline, but with gasoline only for emergency or engine starting and with the gasoline tank having a capacity equal to or less than 15L



3.23

onboard diagnostic system; OBD

computer information system installed on the vehicle and engine, which belongs to the pollution control device and shall have the following functions:



a) diagnosing the faults that affect emission performance;



b) displaying by the alarm system in case of fault;



c) identifying the possible fault areas and providing offline communication of information by means of the information stored in the memory of electronic control unit



3.24

vehicle environmental identification document; VEID

motor vehicle environmental identification document specified by the Announcement on the work of disclosing environmental information of motor vehicles and non-road mobile machinery (GUOHUANGUIDAQI [2016] No.3), including the enterprise's declaration of compliance of the vehicle with emission standards and stages, basic vehicle information, environmental protection inspection information, pollution control device information, etc



4 Inspection items



4.1 See Table 1 for the environmental protection inspection items of vehicles.



4.2 The entry inspection for new produced imported vehicle shall be carried out according to the inspection items specified in Table 1 and shall also meet the requirements of other standards, laws and regulations.



 

Table 1 Inspection items

Inspection item Inspection for new produced vehicle at end of production line Inspection for entry of imported vehicle Inspection for register vehicle 1) Inspection for in-use vehicle 1)

Appearance inspection

(including inspection of pollution control device and checking of vehicle environmental identification document) Carried out Carried out Carried out Carried out 2)

Onboard diagnostic system (OBD) inspection Carried out Carried out Carried out Carried out 3)

Exhaust emission pollutants inspection Supervision test4) Supervision test4) Carried out Carried out 5)

Fuel evaporation inspection Not carried out Not carried out Carried out according to the requirements of 10.1.2 Carried out according to the requirements of 10.1.2

Notes:

1) The inspection for vehicles that meet the exemption requirements shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant exemption requirements.

2) Check if the pollution control device is in good condition.

3) It is applicable to vehicles equipped with OBD.

4) Supervision test for emissions from hybrid vehicles shall be carried out in the maximum fuel consumption mode.

5) The inspections for registration change and transfer shall be carried out according to the relevant requirements.



5 Inspection process and requirements



5.1 Inspection for new produced vehicle at end of production line



5.1.1 The manufacturer shall ensure that the pollutant control devices of all vehicles at end of production line are consistent with the contents of the vehicle environmental identification document.



5.1.2 The manufacturer shall complete the inspection of onboard diagnostic system (OBD). For exhaust emission pollutants inspection, supervision test shall be carried out according to 1.0% of the annual production but no less than 15 vehicles of a vehicle type per year; if the annual production is less than 15 vehicles, all vehicles shall be inspected; exhaust emission pollutants inspection may be carried out with any method selected from Annexes B, C and D (two-speed idle conditions may be adopted for all wheel drive vehicles and real time four wheel drive vehicles for which the two drive mode cannot be switched to manually.)



5.1.3 See Figure 1 for the inspection process for new produced vehicle at end of production line. The inspection information shall be submitted in accordance with those specified in Annex H.



5.1.4 The competent department of ecological environment may conduct all inspections such as appearance inspection, OBD inspection and exhaust emission pollutants inspection at end of production line. The appearance inspection shall focus on inspecting whether the pollution control device of vehicle is consistent with the content of vehicle environmental identification document.



5.1.5 For imported vehicles, the inspection for new produced vehicle at end of production line shall be completed and the inspection information shall be submitted to the competent department of ecological environment before entering the country.







Figure 1 Process of environmental protection inspection for new produced vehicle



5.2 The inspection items for register vehicle shall be carried out in accordance with those specified in Table 1, and the inspection information shall be submitted in accordance with those specified in Annex H. See Figure 2 for the inspection process.







Figure 2 Inspection process for register vehicle



5.3 The inspection items for in-use vehicle shall be carried out in accordance with those specified Table 1. Prior to the inspection, environmental protection online verification shall be carried out to check whether the vehicle has any environmental protection violation record. The inspection information shall be submitted in accordance with those specified in Annex H. See Figure 3 for the inspection process.







Figure 3 Process of environmental protection inspection for in-use vehicle



6 Appearance inspection



6.1 New produced vehicle at end of production line



6.1.1 Inspect whether the pollution control device of vehicle is consistent with the content of vehicle environmental identification document.



6.2 Register vehicle



6.2.1 Inspect whether the content of the vehicle environmental identification document is consistent with the disclosed information content.



6.2.2 Inspect whether the pollution control device of vehicle is consistent with the vehicle environmental identification document.



6.3 In-use vehicle



6.3.1 Inspect whether the vehicle under inspection is in normal condition. In case of any abnormality, the vehicle owner shall be required to carry out maintenance.



6.3.2 Inspect whether the vehicle is burning engine oil or has serious black smoke phenomenon. If there is, the vehicle owner shall be required to carry out maintenance.



6.3.3 Inspect whether the connecting lines of the fuel evaporation control system have correct and complete connection. Upon discovery of any aging, cracking, damage or blocking, the vehicle owner shall be required to carry out maintenance. This inspection is not required for mono-fuel gas vehicle.



6.3.4 Inspect whether the appearance and installation fastening positions of engine exhaust pipe, exhaust silencer and exhaust after-treatment device are in good condition. Upon discovery of any corrosion, air leakage, damage or looseness, the vehicle owner shall be required to carry out maintenance.



6.3.5 Inspect whether the vehicle is equipped with a OBD system.



6.3.6 Judge whether the vehicle is suitable for inspection under simple driving mode conditions. If it is not suitable (for example, all wheel drive vehicles and real time four wheel drive vehicles for which the two drive mode cannot be switched to manually), the issue shall be marked. For the vehicle subjected to inspection under simple driving mode conditions, it shall be confirmed that there is no foreign matter on the surface of the vehicle tire.



6.3.7 During inspections for registration change and transfer, it shall be inspected whether the pollution control device is in good condition.



7 Onboard diagnostic system (OBD) inspection



7.1 New produced vehicle at end of production line



7.1.1 The vehicle manufacturer shall conduct a communication inspection on the OBD system of each vehicle to confirm that the communication work of the OBD system is normal before the vehicle is delivered.



7.2 Register vehicle



7.2.1 Inspect whether the OBD interface of the vehicle meets the specified requirements, whether the OBD communication is normal, and whether there is any fault code.



7.3 In-use vehicle



7.3.1 For the in-use vehicle equipped with OBD system, after completion of the appearance inspection, the OBD diagnostic apparatus shall be connected for OBD inspection. The OBD diagnostic apparatus must not be disconnected during subsequent pollutant emission inspection.



7.3.2 The OBD inspection items include: fault indicator state, fault indicator state actually read by the diagnostic apparatus, fault code, traveling mileage after the MIL light is lit up, and diagnostic readiness value, and the specific inspection process shall be in accordance with Annex F.



7.3.3 The vehicle will be judged as unqualified upon OBD inspection if it has a fault indicator fault (including circuit fault), activation of fault indicator, communication fault between the vehicle and the OBD diagnostic apparatus, and inconsistency between the fault indicator state of instrument board and the fault indicator state recorded in ECU. As for the vehicle with the number of uncompleted items of diagnostic readiness exceeding 2, the vehicle owner shall be required to fully drive the vehicle before re-inspection.



7.3.4 The inspection agency shall store all the OBD data of the vehicle under inspection via computer data management system and shall not artificially tamper with the data.



7.3.5 The OBD diagnostic apparatus shall be capable of realizing real-time automatic transmission of OBD inspection data. As a part of the emission inspection, the information obtained by the OBD shall be automatically saved in the computer system.



7.3.6 For the in-use vehicle that requires on-board remote emission management terminal, its device shall be inspected for the normality of communication.



7.3.7 If the pollution control device of the vehicle is removed and the OBD fault indicator light is not lit up, the vehicle is considered to be unqualified in term of OBD.



8 Exhaust emission pollutants inspection



8.1 Limits and measurement methods for emissions



8.1.1 New produced vehicle at end of production line



The manufacturer may choose either of the methods specified in Annexes B, C and D (two-speed idle conditions may be adopted for all wheel drive vehicles and real time four wheel drive vehicles for which the two drive modes cannot be switched to manually.) for inspection. The emission results shall not exceed the emission limits specified in 8.1.2.2~8.1.2.5. Besides, the manufacturer may also use other methods for emission inspection, but shall demonstrate their equivalence.



The mono-fuel vehicle shall be subjected to emission inspection only according to monofuel; while the bi-fuel vehicle shall be subjected to emission inspection with the two kinds of fuels respectively.



The new stereotyped hybrid electric vehicle shall be subjected to pollutant test in the maximum fuel consumption mode. The vehicle shall have a visible maximum fuel consumption mode switch for the convenience of switching to the maximum fuel consumption mode and shall be capable of running normally in this mode (including idle condition) for the easiness of carrying out emission test; and the switch position shall be clearly stated in the vehicle operating instructions.



8.1.2 Register vehicle and in-use vehicle



8.1.2.1 General requirements



The mono-fuel vehicle shall be subjected to emission inspection only according to monofuel; while the bi-fuel vehicle shall be subjected to emission inspection with the two kinds of fuels respectively.



The hybrid electric vehicle with the function of manually selecting the driving mode shall be switched to the maximum fuel consumption mode for test; if there is no maximum fuel consumption mode, the vehicle shall be switched to hybrid mode for test. If the engine automatically shuts down and switches to pure electric mode during the test, there is no need to abort the test and the test can be continued till the end.



8.1.2.2 Two-speed idle conditions



The inspection shall be carried out in accordance with Annex A, and the inspection results shall be less than the emission limits specified in Table 2.



Table 2 Limits for exhaust emission pollutants during inspection

under two-speed idle conditions

Category Idle speed High idle speed

CO/% HC1)/10-6 CO/% HC 1) /10-6

Limit a 0.6 80 0.3 50

Limit b 0.4 40 0.3 30

Note: 1) For the natural gas vehicle equipped with ignition engine, this item is recommendatory.



At the same time as the emission inspection, the excess air coefficient (λ) shall be determined. When the engine is operating at a high idle speed, λ shall be between 1.00±0.05 or within the range specified by the manufacturer.



8.1.2.3 Steady-state loaded mode conditions



The inspection shall be carried out in accordance with Annex B, and the inspection results shall be less than the emission limits specified in Table 3.



Table 3 Limits for exhaust emission pollutants under steady-state loaded mode conditions

Category ASM5025 ASM2540

CO/% HC1)/10-6 NO /10-6 CO/% HC1)/10-6 NO /10-6

Limit a 0.50 90 700 0.40 80 650

Limit b 0.35 47 420 0.30 44 390

Note: 1) For the natural gas vehicle equipped with ignition engine, this item is recommendatory.



The excess air coefficient (λ) shall be determined at the same time.



8.1.2.4 Transient loaded mode conditions



The inspection shall be carried out in accordance with Annex C, and the inspection results shall be less than the emission limits specified in Table 4.



Table 4 Limits for exhaust emission pollutants under transient loaded mode conditions

Category CO (g/km) HC+NOx (g/km)

Limit a 3.5 1.5

Limit b 2.8 1.2



The excess air coefficient (λ) shall be determined at the same time.



8.1.2.5 Short transient loaded mode conditions



The inspection shall be carried out in accordance with Annex D, and the inspection results shall be less than the emission limits specified in Table 5.



Table 5 Limits for exhaust emission pollutants under short transient loaded mode conditions

Category CO/ (g/km) HC1) /(g/km) NOx /(g/km)

Limit a 8.0 1.6 1.3

Limit b 5.0 1.0 0.7

Note: 1) For the natural gas vehicle equipped with ignition engine, this item is recommendatory.



The excess air coefficient (λ) shall be determined at the same time.



8.1.2.6 Evaporative emission system inspection



The inspection shall be carried out in accordance with Annex E, and the inspection results shall meet the requirements of E.2.



8.2 Result judgment



8.2.1 If any of the pollutants in the inspection results fails to meet the limit requirements, it is judged that the emission inspection result of the vehicle is unqualified.



8.2.2 If the excess air coefficient under two-speed idle conditions exceeds the control range specified in 8.1.2.2, the emission inspection result of the vehicle is judged as rejected.



8.2.3 For the light-duty vehicles produced after July 1, 2011 and the heavy-duty vehicles produced after July 1, 2013, if their OBD inspection fails, their emission inspection results are judged as rejected.



8.2.4 After the completion of inspection, the environmental protection inspection report of motor vehicle shall be issued. See Annex G herein for the report format.



8.2.5 During the emission inspection, the invalidation strategy reducing the effectiveness of the emission control device is prohibited. All tampering for the pollution control device will result in failure of emission inspection.



9 Data recording, storage and submission requirements



9.1 The information on OBD inspection (if applicable), exhaust emission pollutants inspection and excess air coefficient (λ) inspection shall be automatically detected, recorded, transmitted, stored and determined in real time by a computer system, and the information on appearance inspection shall be recorded and stored by a computer system. The results of instrument inspection and verification (including calibration) required by the standard shall be automatically stored in the computer system for the competent department of ecological environment to inquire. The content recorded and stored shall include at least those listed in Annexes A, B, C, D, F and H.



If the exhaust emission pollutants inspection result is negative or zero, it shall be recorded as “not detected”.



9.2 The inspection agency shall transmit the inspection information to the competent department of ecological environment in real time.



9.3 The competent department of ecological environment at the lower level shall report the inspection information to the competent department of ecological environment at the higher level in real time or according to the prescribed period in accordance with the content of Annexes G and H.



9.4 For inspection report, the retention period of paper archives shall not be less than 6 years, and that of the electronic archives not be less than 10 years.



9.5 During inspection (including OBD inspection), if a certain type of vehicle is found to have excessive emission intensively, the competent department of ecological environment shall make a record and obtain evidence, fill out the Environmental protection inspection record form for the vehicle type having the intensive problem of excessive emission (Annex G) and report it to the competent department of ecological environment under the State Council, shall also notify the competent department of ecological environment at the higher level and relevant departments of public security, traffic management and market supervision at the same level of the recorded information.



9.6 The inspection information at end of production line of the vehicle manufacturer shall be automatically detected, recorded, transmitted and stored in real time via the computer system, and shall be submitted online to the competent department of ecological environment under the State Council in accordance with the law.



9.7 The inspection information of imported vehicles at end of production line shall be all submitted to the competent department of ecological environment under the State Council before entering the country.



10 Emission monitoring of in-use vehicles



10.1 From the implementation date of this standard, the emission inspection for in-use vehicle (including periodical emission inspection and supervision test) shall meet the requirements of this standard.



10.1.1 The exhaust emission pollutants inspection for in-use vehicle shall meet the requirements for limit a specified in this standard. For cities with a vehicle ownership of more than 5 million vehicles, or with the emission pollutants from motor vehicles as the local primary air pollution source, or with low emission control zones in accordance with laws and regulations, the limit b may be selected in advance after being approved by the provincial people's government and filed at the competent department of ecological environment under the State Council on the basis of fully soliciting opinions from all sectors of society, but a sufficient period of transition for implementation shall be set.



10.1.2 In principle, the same inspection method shall be used in the same province. The inspection results obtained using different methods specified in this standard shall be mutually recognized in all areas. For cross-regional inspection, if limit b is executed at the vehicle registration location or inspection site, the limit b requirements shall be met, and the measurement method specified at the inspection site may be adopted.



According to the ozone pollution condition, the provincial competent department of ecological environment may use the method specified in Annex E to inspect the fuel evaporative emission control system of the vehicle.



10.1.3 Vehicles shall be provided with vehicle oil products meeting the requirements and shall be maintained as required. For the vehicle failing to pass the first inspection, it shall be subjected to re-inspection with the method of the first environmental protection inspection after being repaired.



10.2 The competent department of ecological environment at or above the county level may conduct the supervision test of in-use vehicles at the centralized parking site and maintenance site of motor vehicles as well as on actual road. The content of supervision test may include exhaust emission pollutants inspection, OBD inspection, pollution control device inspection, and checking of vehicle environmental identification document.



When the vehicle is subjected to supervision test under two-speed idle conditions, judgment may be made by using a limit value which is 1.1 times that specified in this standard.

Foreword II
1 Application scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Inspection items
5 Inspection process and requirements
6 Appearance inspection
7 Onboard diagnostic system (OBD) inspection
8 Exhaust emission pollutants inspection
9 Data recording, storage and submission requirements
10 Emission monitoring of in-use vehicles
11 Standard implementation
Appendix A (Normative) Two-speed idle conditions
Appendix B (Normative) Steady-state loaded mode conditions
Appendix C (Normative) Transient loaded mode conditions
Appendix D (Normative) Short transient loaded mode conditions
Appendix E (Normative) Inspection of fuel evaporative emission control system
Appendix F (Normative) Inspection procedure for onboard diagnostic (OBD) system
Appendix G (Normative) Inspection report
Appendix H (Normative) Reported data items in real time

汽油车污染物排放限值及测量方法
（双怠速法及简易工况法）



1 适用范围

本标准规定了汽油车双怠速法、稳态工况法、瞬态工况法和简易瞬态工况法排气污染 物排放限值及测量方法。本标准同时规定了汽油车外观检验、OBD 检查、燃油蒸发排放控 制系统检测的方法和判定依据。
本标准适用于新生产汽车下线检验、注册登记检验和在用汽车检验。本标准也适用于 其他装用点燃式发动机的汽车。

2 规范性引用文件

下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。凡是未注明日期的引用文 件，其最新版本适用于本标准。
GB 5181-2001 汽车排放术语和定义
GB 14762-2008 重型车用汽油发动机与汽车排气污染物排放限值及测量方法（中国Ⅲ、 Ⅳ阶段）
GB/T 15089-2001 机动车辆及挂车分类
GB 17691 车用压燃式、气体燃料点燃式发动机排气污染物排放限值及测量方法
GB17691-2018 重型柴油车污染物排放限值及测量方法（中国第六阶段）
GB 17930 车用汽油
GB 18047 车用压缩天然气
GB 18352 轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法
GB 19159 车用液化石油气

3 术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本标准。
3.1
轻型汽车 light-duty vehicle
指最大设计总质量不超过 3500kg 的 M1 类、M2 类和 N1 类汽车。
3.2
M1、M2 和 N1 类车辆 vehicle of category M1,M2 and N1
按 GB/T 15089 规定：
M1 类车指包括驾驶员座位在内，座位数不超过九座的载客汽车。
M2 类车指包括驾驶员座位在内座位数超过九座，且最大设计总质量不超过 5000kg 的

载客汽车。
N1 类车指最大设计总质量不超过 3500kg 的载货汽车。
3.3
重型汽车 heavy-duty vehicle
指最大总质量超过 3500kg 的汽车。
3.4
在用汽车 in-use vehicle
指已经注册登记并取得号牌的汽车。
3.5
汽车排放检验 vehicle emission inspection
指按照法律法规和标准规定对汽车进行的各项排放检验，包括新生产机动车下线检验、
注册登记检验、在用汽车检验、监督抽测等。
3.6
新生产汽车下线检验 inspection for new produced vehicle at end of production line
指新生产汽车出厂或入境前进行的检验。也适用于销售环节进行的环保检验。
3.7
注册登记检验 inspection for register vehicle
指对申请注册登记的汽车进行的检验。
3.8
在用汽车检验 inspection for in-use vehicle
指对已经注册登记的汽车进行的检验，包括在用汽车定期检验、监督性抽检及在用汽
车办理变更登记和转移登记前的检验。
3.9
监督抽测 supervision test
指在出厂前对新生产汽车的抽检，以及在集中停放地、维修地和道路上对在用汽车进 行的抽检。
3.10
最大设计总质量 maximum mass
汽车生产企业提出的技术上允许的最大质量。
3.11
基准质量 reference mass RM
指汽车的整备质量加上 100kg。
3.12
当量惯量 equivalent inertia
指在底盘测功机上用惯量模拟器模拟汽车行驶中的平动惯量和转动惯量所相当的总惯
性质量。
3.13
排气污染物 exhaust emission pollutants
指排气管排放的气体污染物。通常指一氧化碳（CO）、碳氢化合物（HC）及氮氧化物

（NOx）。氮氧化物（NOx）质量用二氧化氮（NO2）当量表示。碳氢化合物（HC）浓度以 碳（C）当量表示，假定碳氢比如下：
— 汽油：C1H1.85，
— 液化石油气（LPG）：C1H2.525，
— 天然气（NG）：CH4。
3.14
体积浓度 volume concentration
排气中一氧化碳（CO）的体积浓度以 ―%‖表示； 排气中碳氢化合物（HC）的体积浓度以―10-6‖表示，体积浓度值按正己烷当量进行换

算；


3.15


排气中一氧化氮（NO）的体积浓度以 ―10-6‖表示。

额定转速 rated engine speed
指发动机发出额定功率时的曲轴转速，r/min。
3.16
怠速工况与高怠速工况 idle and high idle conditions
怠速工况指汽车发动机最低稳定转速工况。即离合器处于接合位置、变速器处于空挡
位置（对于自动变速箱的车应处于―停车‖或―P‖挡位）；油门踏板处于完全松开位置。高怠 速工况指满足上述（除最后一项）条件，用油门踏板将发动机转速稳定 控制在本标准规 定的高怠速转速下。本标准中将轻型汽车的高怠速转速规定为 2500±200r/min，重型车的高
怠速转速规定为 1800±200r/min；如不适用的，按照制造厂技术文件中规定的高怠速转速。 3.17
过量空气系数（λ）excess air coefficient（λ）
燃烧 1kg 燃料实际供给的空气量与理论上所需空气量的质量比。
3.18
简易工况法 simple driving mode conditions
指本标准附录 B、C 和 D 规定的测试方法。
3.19
气体燃料 gas fuel
指液化石油气（LPG）或天然气（NG）。
3.20
混合动力电动汽车（HEV）hybrid electric vehicle HEV
能够至少从下述两类车载储存能量装置中获得动力的汽车：
— 可消耗的燃料；
— 可再充电能/能量储存装置。
3.21
两用燃料汽车 bi-fuel vehicle
既能燃用汽油又能燃用一种气体燃料，但不能同时燃用两种燃料的汽车。
3.22

单一燃料汽车 mono-fuel vehicle
只能燃用某一种气体燃料（LPG 或 NG）的汽车，或能燃用某种气体燃料（LPG 或 NG）和汽油，但汽油仅用于紧急情况或发动机起动用，且汽油箱容积不超过 15L 的汽车。 3.23
车载诊断 OBD 系统（OBD system） onboard diagnostic system OBD 指安装在汽车和发动机上的计算机信息系统，属于污染控制装置，应具备下列功能： a）诊断影响排放性能的故障；
b）在故障发生时通过报警系统显示； c）通过存储在电控单元存储器中的信息确定可能的故障区域并提供信息离线通讯。
3.24
环保信息随车清单 vehicle environmental identification document VEID
指《关于开展机动车和非道路移动机械环保信息公开工作的公告》（国环规大气[2016]3
号）规定的机动车环保信息随车清单，包括企业对该车辆满足排放标准和阶段的声明、车 辆基本信息、环保检验信息以及污染控制装置信息等内容。

4 检验项目

4.1 汽车环保检验项目见表 1。
4.2 新生产进口车入境检验时按表 1 规定的检验项目进行，还应符合其他标准和法规要求。
表 1 检验项目

检验项目 新生产汽车下
线 进口车入境 注册登记1） 在用汽车1）
外观检验（含对污染控制装
置的检查和环保信息随车清 单核查）
进行
进行
进行
进行 2）
车载诊断系统（OBD）检查 进行 进行 进行 进行 3）
排气污染物检测 抽测 4） 抽测 4） 进行 进行 5）
燃油蒸发检测 不进行 不进行 按 10.1.2 规定进
行 按 10.1.2 规定
进行
注：1）符合免检规定的车辆，按照免检相关规定进行。
2）查验污染控制装置是否完好。
3）适用于装有 OBD 的车辆。
4）混合动力汽车的污染物排放抽测应在最大燃料消耗模式下进行。
5）变更登记、转移登记检验按有关规定进行。

5 检验流程和要求

5.1 新生产汽车下线检验
5.1.1 生产企业应确保所有下线车辆污染物控制装置与随车清单内容一致。
5.1.2 生产企业应完成车载诊断系统（OBD）检查。排气污染物检测应至少按照车型年产量
的 1.0%进行抽测，最小抽查数量为 15 辆/年，年产量不足 15 辆的车型，每辆车均应进行 检测。排气污染物检测可在附录 B、C、D 中选择任意一种方法（对无法手动切换两驱驱 动模式的全时四驱车和适时四驱等车辆可以采用双怠速法。）进行排放检测。
5.1.3 新生产汽车下线检验流程见图 1。检验信息按附录 H 规定报送信息。

5.1.4 生态环境主管部门在下线环节可对车辆进行外观检验、OBD 检查以及排气污染物检 测等全部检验内容。外观检验重点查验车辆污染控制装置是否与随车清单内容一致。 5.1.5 对于进口车应在入境前完成新生产汽车下线检验，并将检验信息报送生态环境主管部 门。



图 1 新车下线环保检验流程图

5.2 注册登记检验项目按照表 1 规定进行，按附录 H 规定报送信息，检验流程见图 2。




图 2 注册登记检验流程图

5.3 在用汽车检验项目按照表 1 规定进行，检验前应进行环保联网核查，查验车辆有无环保 违规记录。按附录 H 规定报送信息，检验流程见图 3。



图 3 在用汽车环保检验流程图



6 外观检验

6.1 新生产汽车下线
6.1.1 检查车辆污染控制装置与环保信息随车清单内容是否一致。
6.2 注册登记
6.2.1 查验环保随车清单内容与信息公开内容是否一致。

6.2.2 检查车辆污染控制装置是否与环保信息随车清单一致。
6.3 在用汽车
6.3.1 检查被检车辆的车况是否正常。如有异常，应要求车主进行维修。
6.3.2 检查车辆是否存在烧机油、或者严重冒黑烟现象，如有，应要求车主进行维修。
6.3.3 检查燃油蒸发控制系统连接管路的连接是否正确、完整。如果发现有老化、龟裂、破 损或堵塞现象，应要求车主进行维修，对单一燃料的燃气汽车不需要进行此项检验。
6.3.4 检查发动机排气管、排气消声器和排气后处理装置的外观及安装紧固部位是否完好， 如发现有腐蚀、漏气、破损或松动的，应要求车主进行维修。
6.3.5 检查车辆是否配置有 OBD 系统。
6.3.6 判断车辆是否适合进行简易工况法检测，如不适合（例如：无法手动切换两驱驱动模 式的全时四驱车和适时四驱等），应标注。进行简易工况法检测的，应确认车辆轮胎表面无 夹杂异物。
6.3.7 变更登记、转移登记检验时应查验污染控制装置是否完好。

7 车载诊断系统（OBD）检查

7.1 新生产汽车下线
7.1.1 汽车生产企业应对每辆车的 OBD 系统进行通讯检查，确认 OBD 系统通讯工作正常 方可出厂。
7.2 注册登记
7.2.1 检查车辆的 OBD 接口是否满足规定要求，OBD 通讯是否正常，有无故障代码。
7.3 在用汽车
7.3.1 对配置有 OBD 系统的在用汽车，在完成外观检验后，应连接 OBD 诊断仪进行 OBD
检查。在随后的污染物排放检验过程中，不可断开 OBD 诊断仪。
7.3.2 OBD 检查项目包括：故障指示器状态，诊断仪实际读取的故障指示器状态，故障代 码、MIL 灯点亮后行驶里程和诊断就绪状态值，具体检验流程应按照附录 F 进行。
7.3.3 若车辆存在故障指示器故障（含电路故障）、故障指示器激活、车辆与OBD诊断仪之 间的通讯故障、仪表板故障指示器状态与ECU中记载的故障指示器状态不一致时，均判定 OBD检查不合格。如果诊断就绪状态项未完成项超过2项，应要求车主在对车辆充分行驶后 进行复检。
7.3.4 检验机构应使用计算机数据管理系统存储所有被检车辆OBD数据，不得人为篡改数据。
7.3.5 OBD诊断仪应能实现对OBD检查数据的实时自动传输。作为排放检验一部分，OBD获 得的信息应自动保存到计算机系统中。
7.3.6 对要求配置远程排放管理车载终端的在用汽车，应查验其装置的通讯是否正常。
7.3.7 如车辆污染控制装置被移除，而OBD故障指示灯未点亮报警的，视为该车辆OBD不合 格。

8 排气污染物检测

8.1 排放限值及测量方法

8.1.1 新生产汽车下线
生产企业可以选择采用附录 B、附录 C 和附录 D 规定的任意一种方法（对无法手动切 换两驱驱动模式的全时四驱车和适时四驱等车辆可以采用双怠速法。）进行。排放结果不得 超过 8.1.2.2~8.1.2.5 规定的排放限值。生产企业也可采用其他方法进行排放检测，但应证 明其等效性。
单一燃料汽车，仅按燃用单一燃料进行排放检测；两用燃料汽车，要求使用两种燃料 分别进行排放检测。
新定型混合动力电动汽车污染物测试应在最大燃料消耗模式下进行，车辆应具备明显 可见的最大燃料消耗模式切换开关，方便切换为最大燃料消耗模式，并能在最大燃料消耗 模式下正常运行(包括怠速)，便于进行排放测试，且开关位置应在汽车使用说明书中明确 说明。
8.1.2 注册登记和在用汽车
8.1.2.1 一般规定 单一燃料汽车，仅按燃用单一燃料进行排放检测；两用燃料汽车，要求使用两种燃料
分别进行排放检测。 有手动选择行驶模式功能的混合动力电动汽车应切换到最大燃料消耗模式进行测试，
如无最大燃料消耗模式，则应切换到混合动力模式进行测试，若测试过程中发动机自动熄 火自动切换到纯电模式，无需中止测试，可进行至测试结束。
8.1.2.2 双怠速法
按附录 A 进行检测，其检测结果应小于表 2 中规定的排放限值。
表 2 双怠速法检验排气污染物排放限值

类别 怠速 高怠速
CO (%) HC(×10-6) 1） CO (%) HC(×10-6) 1）
限值a 0.6 80 0.3 50
限值b 0.4 40 0.3 30
注：1）对以天然气为燃料点燃式发动机汽车，该项目为推荐性要求。
排放检验的同时，应进行过量空气系数（λ）的测定。发动机在高怠速转速工况时，λ 应在 1.00±0.05 之间，或者在制造厂规定的范围内。
8.1.2.3 稳态工况法
按附录 B 进行检测，其检测结果应小于表 3 规定的排放限值。
表 3 稳态工况法排气污染物排放限值


类别
ASM5025
ASM2540
CO (%) HC(×10-6) 1） NO(×10-6) CO (%) HC(×10-6) 1） NO(×10-6)
限值 a 0.50 90 700 0.40 80 650
限值 b 0.35 47 420 0.30 44 390
注：1）对于装用以天然气为燃料点燃式发动机汽车，该项目为推荐性要求。
应同时进行过量空气系数（λ）的测定。
8.1.2.4 瞬态工况法
按附录 C 进行检测，其检测结果应小于表 4 规定的排放限值。

表 4 瞬态工况法排气污染物排放限值

类别 CO(g/km) HC+ NOx(g/km)
限值a 3.5 1.5
限值b 2.8 1.2
应同时进行过量空气系数（λ）的测定。
8.1.2.5 简易瞬态工况法
按附录 D 进行检测，其检测结果应小于表 5 规定的排放限值。
表 5 简易瞬态工况法排气污染物排放限值

类别 CO(g/km) HC(g/km) 1） NOx(g/km)
限值a 8.0 1.6 1.3
限值b 5.0 1.0 0.7
注：1）对于装用以天然气为燃料点燃式发动机汽车，该项目为推荐性要求。
应同时进行过量空气系数（λ）的测定。
8.1.2.6 蒸发排放系统检测
按附录 E 进行蒸发排放系统检测，其检测结果应符合 E.2 的要求。

8.2 结果判定

8.2.1 如果检测结果中任何一项污染物不满足限值要求，判定车辆排放检验不合格。
8.2.2 如果双怠速法过量空气系数超出 8.1.2.2 中要求的控制范围，也判定车辆排放检验结 果不合格。
8.2.3 2011 年 7 月 1 日以后生产的轻型汽车，以及 2013 年 7 月 1 日以后生产的重型汽车， 如果 OBD 检查不合格时，判定排放检验结果不合格。
8.2.4 检验完毕后，应签发机动车环保检验报告。报告格式见本标准附录 G。
8.2.5 排放检验过程中，禁止使用降低排放控制装置功效的失效策略，所有针对污染控制装 置的篡改都属于排放检验不合格。

9 数据记录、保存和报送要求

9.1 应通过计算机系统实时自动检测、记录、传输、存储及判定 OBD 检查（如适用）、排 气污染物检测信息和过量空气系数（λ）检测信息，通过计算机系统记录和保存外观检验信 息。应将标准中要求进行的仪器检查及检定（含校准）结果自动储存在计算机系统中，便 于生态环境主管部门查询。记录和保存的内容应至少包括附录 A、附录 B、附录 C、附录 D、附录 F 和附录 H 中所列的内容。
如果排气污染物检测结果为负数或者零时，应记录为“未检出”。
9.2 检验机构应向生态环境主管部门实时传输检验信息。
9.3 下级生态环境主管部门应按照附录 G 和附录 H 规定的内容，实时或按规定周期向上级 生态环境主管部门上报检验信息。
9.4 检验报告纸质档案保存期限应不少于 6 年，电子档案保存应不少于 10 年。
9.5 检验（含 OBD 检查）中，如果发现某一车型车辆排放集中出现超标现象，生态环境主 管部门应做好记录和取证工作，填写《集中超标车型环保查验记录表》（附录 G）并上报国 务院生态环境主管部门，同时应将记录信息通报上级生态环境主管部门和同级公安交通管

理、市场监管等有关部门。
9.6 汽车生产企业的下线检验信息应通过计算机系统实时自动检测、记录、传输、存储， 依法向国务院生态环境主管部门联网报送。
9.7 进口车的下线检验信息应在入境前向国务院生态环境主管部门完成报送。

10 在用汽车的排放监控

10.1 自本标准实施之日起，在用汽车的排放检验（包括定期排放检验和监督抽测）应符合 本标准要求。
10.1.1 在用汽车排气污染物检测应符合本标准规定的限值 a。对于汽车保有量达到 500 万辆 以上，或机动车排放污染物为当地首要空气污染源，或按照法律法规设置低排放控制区的 城市，应在充分征求社会各方面意见基础上，经省级人民政府批准和国务院生态环境主管 部门备案后，可提前选用限值 b，但应设置足够的实施过渡期。
10.1.2 同一省内原则上应采用同一种检测方法。采用本标准规定的不同方法的检测结果各 地应予互认。跨地区检测的，如车辆登记地或检测地中有执行限值 b 的，则应符合限值 b 要求，测量方法允许按照检测地规定的测量方法进行。
省级生态环境主管部门可根据臭氧污染状况采用附录 E 中所规定的方法，对车辆的燃 油蒸发排放控制系统进行检测。
10.1.3 车辆应使用符合规定的车用油品，并按要求进行维护保养。对首次检验结果不合格 的车辆，在维修后，应采用首次环保检验的检测方法进行复检。
10.2 县级以上生态环境主管部门对在用汽车进行的监督抽测，可在机动车集中停放地、维 修地和实际道路上进行。抽测内容可包括排气污染物检测和 OBD 检查、污染控制装置查 验和随车清单核查等内容。
采用双怠速法等对车辆进行监督抽测时，可采用本标准规定限值的 1.1 倍进行判定。
10.3 注册登记检验应进行外观检验、OBD 检查、排气污染物检测，符合免检的车辆，按照 免检有关规定执行。变更或转移登记车辆的环保检验按照当地政府规定进行，但至少要进 行污染控制装置查验和 OBD 检查（如适用）。
10.4 对配置远程排放管理车载终端并按要求向生态环境主管部门实时上报相关排放数据 的车辆，省级生态环境主管部门根据数据上报情况可以给予免于环保上线检验。

11 标准实施

11.1 本标准自 2019 年 5 月 1 日起实施。在全国范围内进行的汽车环保定期检验应采用本标 准规定的简易工况法进行，对无法使用简易工况法的车辆，可采用本标准规定的双怠速法 进行。
11.1.1 新生产汽车下线检验自 2019 年 11 月 1 日起实施。
11.1.2 注册登记、在用汽车 OBD 检查自 2019 年 5 月 1 日起仅检查并报告，自 2019 年 11
月 1 日起实施。
11.1.3 全国范围实施本标准规定的限值 b 具体时间，国务院生态环境主管部门另行发布。
11.2 自本标准实施之日起，现有相关地方排放检验标准废止。

11.3 本标准由国务院生态环境主管部门监督实施。


附录 A
（规范性附录） 双怠速法

A.1 概述

本附录规定了对双怠速法测量仪器、测量程序、检测系统和检测软件技术的要求。

A.2 测量仪器

双怠速法使用的排放测试仪器应满足本附录附件 AA 的规定。

A.3 测量程序

A.3.1 应保证被检测车辆处于制造厂规定的正常状态，发动机进气系统应装有空气滤清器， 排气系统应装有排气消声器和排气后处理装置，排气系统不允许有泄漏。
A.3.2 进行排放测量时，发动机冷却液或润滑油温度应不低于 80℃，或者达到汽车使用说 明书规定的热状态。
A.3.3 发动机从怠速状态加速至 70%额定转速或企业规定的暖机转速，运转 30s 后降至高 怠速状态。将双怠速法排放测试仪取样探头插入排气管中，深度不少于 400mm，并固定在 排气管上。维持 15s 后，由具有平均值计算功能的双怠速法排放测试仪读取 30s 内的平均 值，该值即为高怠速污染物测量结果。对使用闭环控制电子燃油喷射系统和三元催化转化 器技术的汽车，还应同时计算过量空气系数（λ）的数值。
A.3.4 发动机从高怠速降至怠速状态 15s 后，由具有平均值计算功能的双怠速法排放测试 仪读取 30s 内的平均值，该值即为怠速污染物测量结果。
A.3.5 在测试过程中，如果任何时刻 CO 与 CO2 的浓度之和小于 6.0%，或者发动机熄火， 应终止测试，排放测量结果无效，需重新进行测试。
A.3.6 对多排气管车辆，应取各排气管测量结果的算术平均值作为测量结果。
A.3.7 若车辆排气系统设计导致的车辆排气管长度小于测量深度时，应使用排气延长管。
A.3.8 双怠速法测量程序参见图 A.1：






否 车辆调整




















图 A.1 双怠速法测量程序

A.3.9 燃料

应使用符合规定的市售燃料，例如车用汽油、车用天然气、车用液化石油气等。试验 时直接使用车辆中的燃料进行排放测试，不需要更换燃料。

A.4 检测系统的要求

A.4.1 在用机动车排放检测系统及配备设备，应符合本标准及相关排放标准的要求。
A.4.2 排放检测系统由双怠速法排放测试仪和计算机控制系统组成，应具备完整的使用手 册和操作规范。
A.4.3 检测仪器设备应按有关规定进行定期检定，对没有明确规定检定周期的仪器设备， 至少每年检定一次。已通过检定的仪器，若更换影响仪器测量准确度的关键部件，或对仪 器进行重大维修，应对仪器重新检定。
A.4.4 应在检定有效期内使用仪器设备，并定期对仪器进行核查。核查内容包括仪器外观、 仪器自检、操作性能等。每天在使用双怠速法排放测试仪前，均应按照使用说明书的要求， 采用标准气体进行仪器自检。

A.5 检测软件

A.5.1 检测软件应该至少具有如下功能：自动判断测试结果是否合格；自动存储测试数据， 并保证不能被人为篡改；在每次测试之前进行系统自检；当出现不符合检测条件，影响正 常检测的情况时，系统应能够报警并自锁，直到检测条件恢复正常。